Abstract: An integrated industrial plant includes various systems, all of which use a cryogenic liquid obtained from a common source. One system includes a fermentation unit, in which cold air, chilled by heat exchange with the cryogenic liquid, absorbs excess heat generated by the fermentation. Another system is a lyophilization unit, in which a refrigeration step is performed through the use of air that has been chilled by heat exchange with the cryogenic liquid. Another system is a device for freezing discrete samples of biological products, the samples being frozen by partial immersion in the cryogenic liquid. The invention substantially reduces the use of electric power, and provides systems which operate economically and reliably.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system and method for removing trace levels of krypton and xenon from argon by using metal organic framework (MOF) adsorbents.

Abstract: During a heating phase, injection of a jet of fuel and oxidant (fuel annularly enshrouding oxidant or oxidant annularly enshrouding fuel) from a fuel-oxidant nozzle is combusted in a combustion space. During a transition from the heating phase to a distributed combustion phase, an amount of a secondary portion of either the fuel or oxidant is injected as a jet into the combustion space while the primary portion of that same reactant from the fuel-oxidant nozzle is decreased. At some point during the transition phase, a jet of actuating fluid is injected at an angle towards the jet of reactants from the fuel-oxidant nozzle and/or towards the jet of the secondary portion of reactant. The jet of primary portions of reactants and/or secondary portion of reactant is caused to be bent/deviated towards the other of the two jets. The staging of the secondary portion of reactant is increased until a desired degrees of staging and commencement of a distributed combustion phase are achieved.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for depositing rare earth metal-containing layers are described herein. In general, the disclosed methods deposit the precursor compounds comprising rare earth-containing compounds using deposition methods such as chemical vapor deposition or atomic layer deposition. The disclosed precursor compounds include a cyclopentadienyl ligand having at least one aliphatic group as a substituent and an amidine ligand.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention generally provide methods and systems that distribute an additive in solid carbon dioxide in an interior of food processing equipment. The additive may be injected into a flow of liquid carbon dioxide upstream of an expander at or adjacent to the interior. Injection of the additive into the interior may be alternated with directing a flow of expanded carbon dioxide into the interior. In some embodiments, the freezing point of the additive with or without a diluent composition and/or additive(s) is lower than a temperature of the liquid carbon dioxide.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention generally provide methods and systems that distribute an additive in solid carbon dioxide in an interior of food processing equipment. The additive may be injected into a flow of liquid carbon dioxide upstream of an expander at or adjacent to the interior. Injection of the additive into the interior may be alternated with directing a flow of expanded carbon dioxide into the interior. In some embodiments, the freezing point of the additive with or without a diluent composition and/or additive(s) is lower than a temperature of the liquid carbon dioxide.

Abstract: Methods and systems for controlling jet velocity at a burner when using heated gases and standard temperature gases are described herein. Through the use of a temperature-sensitive magnetic valve, the flow of a gas can be redirected to reduce velocity based on temperature. The temperature-sensitive magnetic valve can redirect flow of the gas based on the magnetic state of a curie material. The curie material changes the state of the temperature-sensitive magnetic valve based on the temperature of the gas. Thus, heated gases and standard temperature gases can be delivered at approximately equal velocities thus maintaining flame size and shape.

Abstract: Methods and systems for controlling jet velocity of a preheated gas are described herein. Through the use of a temperature-sensitive bimetallic valve, the flow of a gas can be redirected to maintain jet velocity based on temperature. The temperature-sensitive bimetallic valve can redirect flow of the gas based on the position of a bimetallic strip. The bimetallic strip and a connected blocking device can change position based on the temperature of the gas. The position of the bimetallic strip and the blocking device control the size of the port that the gas is delivered to the burner through. Thus, preheated gas and standard temperature gas can be delivered at appropriate velocities based on the needs of the user.

Abstract: Disclosed are hafnium- or zirconium-containing compounds. The compounds may be used to deposit hafnium- or zirconium-containing layers using vapor deposition methods such as chemical vapor deposition or atomic layer deposition. The hafnium- or zirconium-containing compounds include a ligand at least one aliphatic group as substituents selected to have greater degrees of freedom than the substituents disclosed in the prior art.

Abstract: Disclosed are metal-containing precursors having the formula Compound (I) wherein: —M is a metal selected from Ni, Co, Mn, Pd; and —each of R-1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, and R10 are independently selected from H; a C1-C4 linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl group; a C1-C4 linear, branched, or cyclic alkylsilyl group (mono, bis, or tris alkyl); a C1-C4 linear, branched, or cyclic alkylamino group; or a C1-C4 linear, branched, or cyclic fluoroalkyl group. Also disclosed are methods of synthesizing and using the disclosed metal-containing precursors to deposit metal-containing films on a substrate via a vapor deposition process.

Abstract: A side stream of hot blast air is used to preheat oxygen at a heat exchanger. The resultant hot oxygen is injected into a tuyere of a blast furnace with pulverized or granular coal. The cooled side stream may be recombined with the hot blast air for injection into the tuyere, fed to the stove as part of the cold blast air, or fed to stove for combustion with blast furnace gas.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a technique for monitoring patient utilization of inhaled Nitric Oxide as well as waste exhaust of Nitric Oxide in gases exhaled from patient lungs. By monitoring the real dose provided to a patient, actual compliance with therapeutic target doses may be monitored to improve patient safety and therapeutic benefit from inhaled Nitric Oxide. Simultaneously, unnecessary waste of inhaled Nitric Oxide may be avoided thereby increasing the cost effectiveness of Nitric Oxide therapy. The minimization of Nitric Oxide waste has the further benefit of reducing environmental Nitrogen Dioxide levels in e.g. a NICU environment thereby mitigating medical personnel's Nitrogen Dioxide exposure.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a technique for monitoring patient utilization of inhaled Nitric Oxide as well as waste exhaust of Nitric Oxide in gases exhaled from patient lungs. By monitoring the real dose provided to a patient, actual compliance with therapeutic target doses may be monitored to improve patient safety and therapeutic benefit from inhaled Nitric Oxide. Simultaneously, unnecessary waste of inhaled Nitric Oxide may be avoided thereby increasing the cost effectiveness of Nitric Oxide therapy. The minimization of Nitric Oxide waste has the further benefit of reducing environmental Nitrogen Dioxide levels in e.g. a NICU environment thereby mitigating medical personnel's Nitrogen Dioxide exposure.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a technique for monitoring patient utilization of inhaled Nitric Oxide as well as waste exhaust of Nitric Oxide in gases exhaled from patient lungs. By monitoring the real dose provided to a patient, actual compliance with therapeutic target doses may be monitored to improve patient safety and therapeutic benefit from inhaled Nitric Oxide. Simultaneously, unnecessary waste of inhaled Nitric Oxide may be avoided thereby increasing the cost effectiveness of Nitric Oxide therapy. The minimization of Nitric Oxide waste has the further benefit of reducing environmental Nitrogen Dioxide levels in e.g. a NICU environment thereby mitigating medical personnel's Nitrogen Dioxide exposure.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a technique for monitoring patient utilization of inhaled Nitric Oxide as well as waste exhaust of Nitric Oxide in gases exhaled from patient lungs. By monitoring the real dose provided to a patient, actual compliance with therapeutic target doses may be monitored to improve patient safety and therapeutic benefit from inhaled Nitric Oxide. Simultaneously, unnecessary waste of inhaled Nitric Oxide may be avoided thereby increasing the cost effectiveness of Nitric Oxide therapy. The minimization of Nitric Oxide waste has the further benefit of reducing environmental Nitric Oxide and Nitrogen Dioxide levels in e.g. a NICU environment thereby mitigating medical personnel's Nitric Oxide and Nitrogen Dioxide exposure.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a technique for monitoring patient utilization of inhaled Nitric Oxide as well as waste exhaust of Nitric Oxide in gases exhaled from patient lungs. By monitoring the real dose provided to a patient, actual compliance with therapeutic target doses may be monitored to improve patient safety and therapeutic benefit from inhaled Nitric Oxide. Simultaneously, unnecessary waste of inhaled Nitric Oxide may be avoided thereby increasing the cost effectiveness of Nitric Oxide therapy. The minimization of Nitric Oxide waste has the further benefit of reducing environmental Nitrogen Dioxide levels in e.g. a NICU environment thereby mitigating medical personnel's Nitrogen Dioxide exposure.

Abstract: Disclosed are titanium-containing precursors and methods of synthesizing the same. The compounds may be used to deposit titanium, titanium oxide, strontium-titanium oxide, and barium strontium titanate containing layers using vapor deposition methods such as chemical vapor deposition or atomic layer deposition.

Abstract: Solid particulate fuels are combusted with a primary oxidant stream of industrially pure oxygen and a secondary oxidant stream of industrially pure oxygen optionally mixed with a portion of recycled flue gas. The fuel is conveyed with a carrier gas of air or recycled flue gas. An oxygen concentration out of the total amount of the fuel stream and the primary and secondary oxidant streams is 40-63% by mass or 47-70% by volume.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for depositing rare earth metal-containing layers are described herein. In general, the disclosed methods deposit the precursor compounds comprising rare earth-containing compounds using deposition methods such as chemical vapor deposition or atomic layer deposition. The disclosed precursor compounds include a cyclopentadienyl ligand having at least one aliphatic group as a substituent and an amidine ligand.

Abstract: Disclosed are precursors having a pyrrolecarbaldiminates ligand and methods of synthesizing the same. The pyrrolecarbaldiminates ligand may be substituted.