Abstract: An ESD protection circuit uses an inductor to create an electromagnetic resonance in conjunction with the load capacitance of a conventional ESD device. By properly tuning the resonance of this combination, the protective properties of the ESD device can be maintained while minimizing its capacitive load on the main circuit. The inductor can be interposed in various series configurations with the ESD device between the main circuit and a voltage rail; alternatively, the inductor can be connected in various configurations in parallel with the ESD device. The inductor may be implemented as an on-chip inductor using conventional IC fabrication technologies, or may be implemented using IC chip bonding wires as inductors.

Abstract: The invention authenticates processes and inter-process messaging. In some examples of the invention, security is performed in three layers—the application layer, the middleware layer, and the transport layer. Some examples of the invention include software products. One software product comprises security software and middleware software stored on a software storage medium. The security software directs a processor to receive a log-in request for a process, generate a request to authenticate the process, transfer the request to authenticate the process, receive a security association for the process, and transfer the security association. The middleware software directs the processor to receive the security association from the security software, receive a message from the process, insert the security association into the message, and transfer the message. Another software product comprises security software stored on a software storage medium.

Abstract: An alarm suppressing method for an optical transmission apparatus includes the steps of checking whether a detected alarm is a root alarm, suppressing a first propagation alarm generated by the root alarm when the detected alarm is a root alarm, determining the types of network elements, suppressing a second propagation alarm generated by the root alarm in accordance with the determined types of the network elements, and suppressing a third propagation alarm generated in accordance with the second propagation alarm. The method further includes the steps of recognizing the direction of a detected propagation alarm, retrieving an element next to the recognized direction, checking the kind of the generated propagation alarm, and suppressing a corresponding propagation alarm when a data base includes a root alarm by retrieving from the data base the information relevant to the root alarm in accordance with the kinds of the checked alarms.

Abstract: A headset/headphone sensing jack (203, 208, 210). A two-channel sensing circuit (210) is provided which detects whether a headphone (101) or headset (103) is installed. By employing an impedance sensing circuit (210), it is possible to use a single common 2.5 mm jack (120) for both radio and telephony operation. Formerly, two separate jacks would be required for both functions. An electronic device (50) according to the present invention is further capable of switching between AM/FM radio and telephone modes depending on whether a particular headpiece (101, 103) is installed.

Abstract: A method and system for using burst mode transmission on multiple optical wavelengths is disclosed. In a passive optical network, a synchronization signal is transmitted from a central terminal to remote terminals and burst data signals are transmitted from remote terminals to the central terminal. A first group of remote terminals transmits burst data signals in respective timeslots that are synchronized to the received synchronization signal and multiplexed at a first optical wavelength. A second group of remote terminals transmits burst data signals in respective timeslots that are synchronized to the received synchronization signal and multiplexed at a second optical wavelength. The timeslots are synchronized and phase aligned with each other such that optical crosstalk interference between adjacent optical wavelengths is avoided and each wavelength can be spectrally spaced as close as possible to adjacent wavelengths.

Abstract: A duplexing structure of a switching system processor and a method for maintaining a memory coherency are provided in which both data of an active memory and of a standby memory are concurrently read. The concurrently read data can be compared using hardware. In the duplexing structure, an address corresponding to the concurrent reading operation is set and a path is provided therefore. Accordingly, when an address of the active memory and the standby memory are compared, they are simultaneously accessed and compared for judgement at one time. Thus, a time required for the operation is reduced. In addition, since the comparison result can be recognized according to the kinds of the termination that is applied by hardware, without comparing the two data relying on a series of program operations on the basis of software using the CPU, the load of the CPU required with respect to memory coherency verification can be reduced.

Abstract: A system and method for maximum utilization of bandwidth of a resource incrementally adjusts in real time the allocated bandwidth per source queue per class of service based at least in part on the current status of a destination virtual output queue fill level. By varying the permissible bandwidth incrementally not only is the available bandwidth utilized optimally but also a desired class of service is maintained.

Abstract: An integrated circuit inductor structure has a substrate disposed below an inductor. The structure also has plural conductive segments located between the substrate and the inductor. The conductive segments connect at substantially a point below the center of the inductor. An insulating layer lies between the inductor and the conductive segments.

Abstract: A novel robust communications scheme whereby a repetition code at the transmitter and an associated cumulative decoder at the receiver are used to increase the reliability of transmission in a communications system. The robust communications scheme of the present invention is effective to increase the reliability of transmission by repetitively transmitting each data segment a number of times in accordance with a repetition code and subsequently collecting the received energy at the receiver over an accordingly longer period of time. Accumulating the received energy over a longer period of time at the receiver, yields a marked improvement in the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the receiver.

Abstract: A method for testing a plurality of cordless telephones (12,14) includes assigning a temporary ID to each of the plurality of cordless telephones (12,14). Each temporary ID identifies a first activation frequency for each corresponding cordless telephone (12,14). The method also includes activating each cordless telephone (12,14) at the first activation frequency identified by the corresponding temporary ID and simultaneously testing each cordless telephone (12,14) at the corresponding first activation frequency. The method further includes assigning a permanent ID to each cordless telephone (12,14) after completion of the testing. The permanent ID identifies a second activation frequency for a subsequent activation of the cordless telephones (12,14).

Abstract: Method of forming an as-grown film of a superconductor composed of the MgB2 compound which is made by simultaneous evaporation of magnesium and boron is provided. The as-grown film is superconductive without an annealing process to make the film superconductive. The present invention can be applied to fabricate an integrated circuit of the superconductor film, because the high temperature annealing process to make the as-grown film superconductive is not needed.

Abstract: A system and method allow a user of a parallel cordless handset to join in an ongoing communication. A conference circuit is placed on the ongoing conversation and the parallel handset is bridged into the conversation. The system and method can also bridge in data transmissions. An alert can provide notification to the handset already in the conversation, the handset attempting to join the conversation, or both. The system can be set up to allow access to the conversation upon election of either handset user or, alternatively, upon election of both handset users. Alternatively, the access can be granted without requiring election (automatically) or can be mandatory. More than one handset can be joined into the ongoing communication.

Abstract: A laser oscillator comprises a laser medium, an optical excitation laser diode that irradiates the laser medium with light, a polarizer disposed on an optical path of the laser medium at a first end thereof, a first Porro prism disposed with the optical path coinciding with a point on a ridgeline thereof and with the ridgeline parallel or perpendicular to a plane of incidence of the polarizer, and a second Porro prism disposed on the optical path of the laser medium at a second end thereof with the optical path coinciding with a point on a ridgeline thereof. An angle formed by the two ridgelines of the first and second Porro prisms is a predetermined angle other than 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 60 degrees, 45 degrees and 36 degrees, 30 degrees.

Abstract: A dispersion compensation system includes a dispersion compensation module and a dispersion enhancement module. The dispersion compensation module receives optical input and provides optical output having a negative dispersion relative to the optical input. The dispersion enhancement module receives optical signals from a transport fiber and may increase positive dispersion in the optical signals by a configured amount such that the positive dispersion provided by the transport fiber and the dispersion enhancement module substantially equals the magnitude of the negative dispersion provided by the dispersion compensation module.

Abstract: A transmission method with compensation for fading distortion or frequency offset distortion in digital communications using pilot signals, comprises the steps of: receiving modulated radiofrequency signals, demodulating the digital signals carried by said radiofrequency signals, extracting pilot signals from the received radiofrequency signals or demodulated digital signals, finding a spectrum of the extracted pilot signals, finding fading components or frequency-offset components from said spectrum, and using one of these components to compensate the received radiofrequency signal or estimate the original digital signal from the demodulated digital signals.

Abstract: A technique for transmission of wireless signals across CDMA radio links. Bandwidth is allocated dynamically within a session to specific CDMA subscriber unit based upon data rate determinations. Specifically, a dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm operates from limits calculated based upon available ports per subscriber, expected user bandwidth, and parallel user bandwidth versus throughput. Provisions for priority service, unbalanced forward and reverse spectrum utilization, voice prioritization, and band switching are also made.

Abstract: Various methods and apparatus for frequency-domain estimation of carrier frequency offsets are provided in which the carrier frequency offset estimate is robust against non-white (frequency-dependent) noise. A carrier-specific weighting factor is associated with each carrier of a multi-carrier signal. Using the carrier-specific weighting factors, a carrier frequency offset estimate is computed from received signals and estimated channel transfer functions associated with each of the carriers. Because greater weights are given to carriers whose frequencies include lower noise and/or carriers transmitting a known sequence of symbols, the estimate of the carrier frequency offset is improved. The carrier frequency offset estimate may then be applied in a feedback loop to phase-compensate a subsequently received signal.

Abstract: A method of training a computer system via human voice input from a human teacher is provided. In one embodiment, the method includes presenting a text spelling of an unknown word and receiving a human voice pronunciation of the unknown word. A phonetic spelling of the unknown word is determined. The text spelling is associated with the phonetic spelling to allow a text to speech engine to correctly pronounce the unknown word in the future when presented with the text spelling of the unknown word.

Abstract: A multistage analog circuit for independently controlling a bias current in each stage of the multistage analog circuit having an input stage, an intermediate stage, and an output stage, includes a first current source which controls the input stage of the circuit, a second current source which controls the intermediate stage of the circuit, and a third current source which controls the output stage of the circuit. The bias current in each stage of the circuit is set by the first, second, and third current sources. An output voltage of the circuit is capable of remaining the same when the first current source is changed to affect an input transconductance of the circuit.