Abstract: A dynamic light scattering apparatus includes a source configured for irradiating a sample with primary electromagnetic radiation, a detector configured for detecting secondary electromagnetic radiation generated by scattering the primary electromagnetic radiation at the sample, a refraction index determination unit including a movable optical element and configured to determine information indicative of a refraction index of the sample based on measurements of the secondary electromagnetic radiation for a plurality of different positions of the movable optical element, and a particle size determining unit configured to determine information indicative of particle size of particles in the sample by analyzing the detected secondary electromagnetic radiation and taking into account the refraction index determined by the refraction index determining unit.

Abstract: A holding device for detachably holding a magnetic sample holder or a sample body, in particular for a scanning probe microscope, wherein the holding device includes an accommodation unit for accommodating the magnetic sample holder or the sample body, a magnetic field guiding unit which, in a holding mode, is adapted for guiding a magnetic field for applying a magnetic holding force at the accommodation unit for holding the magnetic sample holder or sample body which is accommodated at the accommodation unit, and a magnetic field switching unit which is adapted for switching between at least two relative arrangements between the magnetic field guiding unit and the magnetic field switching unit, in order to selectively adjust the holding mode or a release mode, wherein in the release mode the magnetic sample holder or sample body is released for being detached from the accommodation unit.

Abstract: A rotary rheometer has two measurement parts which delimit a measurement gap and can be moved relative to one another in a predetermined movement direction by an adjustment device. At least one switching unit is provided, which responds to changes in a force flow in a force circuit of the rotary rheometer delimited by the measurement parts and has switching contacts for the activation of an adjustment device, which stops the adjustment device when a predetermined limit force value is exceeded for the force flow in the positive or negative direction, optionally without relative movement of the measurement parts, or with the measurement parts remaining in the same position.

Abstract: A method and a measuring device determine the density of liquids. The measuring device has a flexural resonator, at least one sensor for at least one environmental parameter that influences a measurement to be performed and a condition monitoring unit. The measured values from the respective sensor are fed to the condition monitoring unit. The condition monitoring unit has a memory unit with stored forecasts for environmental parameters to be expected in the course of the measurement, and that, by using the condition monitoring unit, on the basis of the stored forecasts and the initial measured values selected for the measurement, it is determined whether the planned measurement can be carried out under the selected trial conditions without any impairment or with a permissible impairment by the forecast changes in the environmental parameters.

Abstract: A method for determining a density of a fluid medium with a flexural oscillator whose oscillator tube is filled with the measurement fluid. Accordingly, reference is made to a period of oscillation of a free and damped oscillating flexural resonator for density determination. For this purpose, the excitation of the excitation amplifier is interrupted alternately by a switch and then switched back into the oscillating circuit. The period of the damped oscillation, together with the amplitude and/or phase, is used for the output of a viscosity-corrected density.

Abstract: A viscometer has a hollow cylinder mounted in a base frame and rotated about its longitudinal axis. A measuring part being flowed through by a fluid to be tested is rotatably supported in the hollow cylinder. An electromagnetic drive with a stator and a rotor for the hollow cylinder is provided, with which the hollow cylinder is rotatable. The stator is supported on the base frame and the rotor is supported on the hollow cylinder. An electromagnetic coupling of the stator with the rotor is provided by a ring rotor disposed between the stator and the rotor. The ring rotor is mounted about the longitudinal axis of the hollow cylinder so that the base frame and the hollow cylinder are decoupled with respect to the electromagnetic drive and a torque by the electromagnetic drive is applied to the hollow cylinder while the acting forces on the hollow cylinder are minimized.

Abstract: A rotational rheometer for measuring powdery or granular materials has a measuring container for receiving the product to be measured and a cover for the measuring container. A measuring body is held by a measuring shaft. The measuring body and the container are rotatable relative to one another. The measuring shaft is guided through the cover with low friction, or without contact altogether. An evaluation unit is arranged outside the measurement container to evaluate the measured values received by the measuring shaft. To seal the bearing gap or the passage of the measuring shaft in or through the cover in the measuring container, both a fluid seal with a sealing fluid inlet and at least a geometric seal cooperating with the fluid seal are provided as a powder barrier.

Abstract: A device determines information indicative for a zeta potential at the interface between a solid phase and a liquid phase. The device includes a pressure vessel, in which the liquid phase can be accommodated and a measuring cell, downstream of the pressure vessel and such that it can be brought into fluid communication with the pressure vessel and in which the solid phase can be accommodated. A storage vessel is downstream of and in fluid communication with the measuring cell. A pressure loading apparatus, loads the pressure vessel with a pressure profile with a temporally continuous pressure change so a liquid phase can be conveyed out of the pressure vessel through the measuring cell into the storage vessel. A detection apparatus detects the information indicative for the zeta potential at the measuring cell during the loading of the pressure vessel with the pressure profile.

Abstract: An extension assembly is connected or connectable, in terms of driving, to a double-motor rheometer. The double-motor rheometer includes first and second measuring motors controllable independently of each other, and provided for determining a torsional moment generated by the corresponding measuring motor. The extension assembly includes first and second sample holding parts for holding a first sample portion and a second sample portion of the sample. The first sample holding part is driveable by the first measuring motor in a rotational movement about a first axis, and the second sample holding part is driveable by the second measuring motor in a rotational movement about a second axis. The first axis is arranged so as to be parallel to and spaced apart from the second axis. The sample held in the first sample portion and in the second sample portion extends between the respective sample holding parts.

Abstract: A method and a device measure tribological values of samples with a rheometer. Wherein measuring parts of the rheometer are replaced by the samples and the surfaces of the samples are moved into frictional contact relative to each other. Accordingly, it is provided that all parts of the rheometer supporting the samples in frictional connection or frictional contact and forming the rheometer power circuit, including a spring unit pressing the samples against each other, are regarded as an oscillatory circuit. Oscillation properties of the spring unit are relevant to oscillation properties of the oscillatory circuit. The oscillation properties of the spring unit are adjusted taking into consideration resonance oscillations or effects produced by changing or different measurement conditions expected with the respective measurement.

Abstract: A deflecting prism for electromagnetic radiation, in particular for refractometer- and/or ATR-measurements, is part of a measuring configuration. The deflecting prism has a body produced in one piece from a mono-crystal. The body has at least two beam conductive surfaces on a side of the body opposite each other or circumferentially about the body and a measuring surface lying between the beam conductive surfaces or surrounded by the latter. The body further has at least one beam entry surface or a beam exit surface. Accordingly, the measuring surface lies on an elevation formed on the body, which crosses over via a ledge surrounding the elevation into the remaining part of the body. On the remaining part, the beam conductive surfaces and/or the beam entry surface or exit surface lie.

Abstract: An optical measuring system measures polarization optical properties of a sample. The system includes (a) a light source that emits measuring light along an optical axis of an analysis beam path, (b) a polarization state generator, arranged downstream with respect to the light source in the analysis beam path which provides light with a defined polarization state, (c) a sample holder, arranged downstream with respect to the polarization state generator in the analysis beam path which accommodates the sample, (d) a polarization state analyzer, arranged downstream with respect to the sample holder in the analysis beam path which measures the polarization state of the measuring light after passing through the sample, and (e) a mechanical support structure, at which at least the polarization state generator, the sample holder and the polarization state analyzer are directly attached. Also described is a method for producing such an optical measuring system.

Abstract: A positioning unit for a carriage is adjustable by way of a linear drive and a base. The linear drive has an elongate part and a short part. The positioning unit has two compensation rods. In each case two adjacent compensation rods are connected together at one end via a joint and are connected at the other end to the elongate part of the linear drive via one of two joint arrangements that are arranged in each case at the end of the elongate part. The compensation rods and the elongate part of the linear drive are arranged in the form of a triangle and the angle between the compensation rods and the joint is variable by a thermal change in length of the elongate part of the linear drive. The carriage is connected to the joint and the short part of the linear drive is connected to the base.

Abstract: A method determines measurement data of samples by using a rotation rheometer and a linear DM(T)A analysis unit. The rotation rheometer has units for measuring and/or adjusting the normal force exerted by or on the measurement shaft and/or the speed, deflection angle and/or torque of the measurement shaft. The linear DM(T)A analysis unit has units for measuring the tensile and/or pressure force and/or the position and/or the feed movement of its adjustment rod. The sample to be examined is arranged between opposite measurement parts. Accordingly, the rotational forces or torques transmitted via the sample from the measurement shaft to the adjusting rod, when obtaining measurement data with the linear DM(T)A analysis unit, and, when obtaining measurement data by the rotation rheometer, for the tensile or pressure forces or linear adjustment forces transmitted via the sample from the adjustment rod to the measurement shaft are compensated for.

Abstract: A method and a device examine a sample with radiation emitted from a radiation source, which is directed to the sample carried by a sample holder via a beamforming unit and detected by a detector and evaluated in an evaluating unit. Prior to the examination of the sample, at least one of the following components, including the radiation source, beamforming unit, sample holder, detector, and a primary beam stop, are spatially oriented and/or positioned in relation to at least one of the other components and/or in relation to a predefined fixed point and/or in relation to the optical path with a control unit via actuating drives. The radiation intensity measured by the detector, in a predefined detector range, and/or a value derived therefrom is used for establishing a control variable conferred from the control unit to the actuating drives assigned to the components.

Abstract: An apparatus with an electromagnetic radiation source generates an incident-beam. A sample container accommodates a sample, receives the incident beam for interaction with the sample, and enables a scattered beam, which is to be detected, to propagate out of the sample container. An electromagnetic radiation detector detects the scattered beam which is received from the sample container. The sample container is oriented with regard to a direction of the incident beam so that an incident trajectory of the incident beam directly before propagating into the sample container up to a symmetry axis of the sample container is symmetric with a scattered trajectory of the scattered beam from the symmetry axis up to a position of the scattered beam directly after having left the sample container, such that the scattered trajectory outside of the sample container is independent of a refraction index of the sample container and of the sample.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring information indicative of electromobility in a sample includes a light source for generating coherent light, a modulator that modulates the optical path length, particularly a reciprocatable modulator arranged for modulating a first part of the generated light, a sample cell for accommodating the measured sample for applying an electric field to the sample and for receiving a second part of the generated light for interaction with the sample in the electric field, a modulator monitor for monitoring the modulator by detecting interference between a first part of the light coming from the modulator and an unmodulated third part of the generated light, and a light detector arranged separately from the modulator monitor for detecting interference between a second part of light coming from the modulator and light received from the sample cell. The detected signal includes the information indicative of electromobility in the sample.

Abstract: A sample temperature control chamber is described for a benchtop X-ray machine and/or full-protection X-ray machine, which comprises (a) a first chamber part (11) and a second chamber part (12) which can be connected together and are configured so as to form a closed chamber, (b) a sample holder, (c) an integrated temperature control device for controlling the temperature of a sample (P) which is provided on the sample holder, and (d) an active cooling system for dissipating heat from the sample temperature control chamber, the active cooling system comprising a heat sink and/or a fan. A system for X-ray-based analysis of a sample, in particular for X-ray diffraction measurements, is also described.

Abstract: An optical device, particularly a polarimeter, is provided for analyzing a liquid sample, having: a light-generating system for generating light for the surface irradiation of the sample; a detection system which is set up for the spatially resolved detection of light which originates from the transmission of the light provided for the surface irradiation through the sample; a telecentric optical system with a lens between the sample and the detection system and with an aperture diaphragm in the focal plane of the lens between the lens and the detection system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for studying the X-ray properties of samples (3c), wherein X-ray radiation scattered by a sample (3c) is recorded by a detector (5) positioned at a distance from the sample (3c) and is evaluated with respect to the characteristics of the sample. According to the invention, it is provided that at a predetermined distance between the X-ray beam source (1) and the detector (5) or between the starting point (2b) of the X-ray beam (10) directed at the sample (3c) and the detector (5), for a predetermined number of successive measurements the distance (S1, S2) between the sample (3c) and the detector (5) is changed and is set at a predetermined different value.