Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of ethylenic compounds and to certain novel ethylenic compounds produced by the process.The process comprises the reaction of an appropriate carbonyl compound with a sulphone to obtain an alcohol sulphone which is then reduced to obtain the desired ethylenic compound.

Abstract: In a method for stabilizing the frequency of the stimulated radiation emitted by a laser, the radiation is subjected to a first rotation of its direction of polarization by applying a magnetic field to a material which exhibits the phenomenon of magnetic rotatory polarization and is placed in a two-mirror resonator. Anisotropic losses are introduced in the resonator so as to produce a second rotation of the direction of polarization, part of the radiation contained in the resonator is extracted and its direction of polarization D is measured. The direction D is held in a reference direction D.sub.O by measuring the difference between the two directions, by reducing this difference to zero and by modifying the value of the resonant frequency of the resonator.

Abstract: In a pulverising equipment for the production of frozen minced meat, essentially consisting of a pulveriser followed by a malaxator, there is provided means for causing the passage, across the pulverised meat, while it is being stirred in the malaxator, of refrigerated air from which the water vapor has been extracted by condensation. The refrigerated air picks up moisture from the meat, and the moisture (in the form of water vapor) is later condensed out at freezing temperatures as low as -10 to -20 degrees centigrade. This eliminates most of the pathogenic germs from the final product.

Abstract: Spectrometric gratings formed by holographic techniques are disclosed. The gratings are employed in monochromator mounts of the type in which fixed entrance and exit slits are combined with simple rotation of the grating to scan the spectral range of interest, the angles of incidence and diffraction and the positions of the slits being so related that the mounts are characterized by improved optical performance due to phase balancing and improved focussing properties according both to geometrical and diffraction theories. The parameters involved in the holographic formation of the gratings, specifically the angularities and positions of the point sources forming the holographic image of the grating lines, are specifically related to the characteristics of the mount as to improve further their optical characteristics, particularly with respect to mounts either employing "normal" (i.e., relatively small) angles of incidence with large grating apertures or employing grazing incidence (i.e.

Abstract: The mechanical properties within a part are determined as a function of depth in a non-destructive manner by punching the body with a series of punches having different radii of curvature. Using a plastic criterion with the data obtained the elastic limit of the body as a function of depth is determined as well as the residual self-stresses that exist in the part.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the grafting a chain on to the 10-position carbon atom of a tricyclene skeleton, more particularly for producing 10-substituted stereospecific tricyclenes, especially cis-.alpha.-santalene and cis-.alpha.-santalol. The process involves the production of a sulphone of the tricyclene, the reaction of the sulphone with the halogenated derivative of the desired side chain and desulphonating the product.

Abstract: A thermally controlled microscope stage assembly for use in measuring transformation temperatures between -180.degree. and +600.degree.C. The stage assembly includes a thick-walled platen with a resistance heater in an annular cavity adjacent a specimen chamber and a cooling channel arranged along the periphery of the platen for, respectively, heating and cooling the specimen chamber. The platen has a lighting well disposed along the optical axis of the associated microscope. A condenser is built in the lighting bore and includes a pair of axially spaced plano-spherical fused quartz lenses both with their spherical surface facing the incident illuminating beam. The lens closer to the microscope has its plane surface, which defines its isophote plane, level with the upper surface of the platen. The specimen chamber is defined by the top surface of the platen, a thick-walled annular member seated on the platen and a thin transparent plate member.

Abstract: The laser comprises an amplifying medium which sustains the oscillation within two resonators, one resonator being formed by the mirrors M.sub.1 and M'.sub.1 and the other being formed by the mirrors M.sub.2 and M'.sub.2. The quality factor of the second resonator is higher than that of the first resonator. The time-duration of the pulse extracted from the first resonator is adjusted by modifying the quality factor of the second resonator.The double-resonator laser serves to generate pulses of very small width, especially in dye lasers, and to adjust pulse-widths in such applications as telemetry.

Abstract: A sounding vibrometer which is characterized in that it comprises a sensor comprising a geophone with its test-lead point mounted by way of a plurality of cable-type damping devices on small columns rigidly attached to a plate affixed to a tubular section of a segmented rod.

Abstract: A master controller is connected via a pair of wires to a plurality of loads and is capable of generating pulses having either positive or negative polarity and a voltage level either above a first threshold or below a second threshold or above the second threshold. Some of the slave units connected via these two wires to the master controller are singly handicapped and have a single zener diode whose avalanche voltage corresponds to the first threshold so that the load is energized whenever this first threshold is exceeded. Other units have a second zener diode in series of the first diode and itself having an avalanche voltage equal to the second threshold so that only when this second threshold is exceeded is the load energized. In such a system it is possible to provide a memory circuit to short circuit this second zener diode if it is desired to remove the double handicap and partially emancipate the slave unit.

Abstract: A regenerative oxygen trap which uses an oxygen absorbing material formed of a solid solution of metal oxides having both an ionic conductivity through 0.sup.2.sup.- ions and a nonzero electrical conductivity, the material forming part of a circuit which also includes a source of electricity. The material is converted in an inert gas to its reduced form by the passage of a current therethrough, in which form it is effective for the absorption of gaseous oxygen.

Abstract: This instantaneous decimal credibility check device enables the operator of a terminal to send out, by means of this terminal, numerical data, the decimal value of which will have been previously checked.It is characterized in that it comprises a decimal positioning computer CCD connected to decoders DEC of the program memory M1 and to the keyboard CG for the purpose of receiving information therefrom and driving bistable triggers BS for guiding the keys of the keyboard. The decimal positioning computer is also connected, on the one hand directly to a space codes emitter ECE and decimal point emitter EPtD, and, on the other hand indirectly through certain of the guidance bistable triggers, to the "flag" character emitter ECV. A blind code emitter ECAV is directly connected to a decoder DEC of the instruction character ICAV corresponding to the number n of blind codes. A principal memory stores the numerical data, blind codes, space codes and flag characters.

Abstract: Starting from hydrolysable salts of at least one transition metal and at least one metal giving a refractory oxide in solution in a non-aqueous solvent, simultaneous hydrolysis of the salts is produced by the addition of an amount of water which corresponds substantially to that necessary for the stoichiometry of the reactions. Drying of the coprecipitate formed is effected in an autoclave under hypercritical conditions. Hydrogenation or controlled oxidation catalysts of greater activity are thereby produced.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of cellulosic textile materials comprising the following successive steps: effecting grafting of the cellulose textile material with a monomer which, when formed into a polymer, has the characteristics of an elastomer at ambient temperature; effecting irradiation treatment by ionizing radiation of the grafted cellulose material so as to achieve cross-linking of the grafts formed, thus leading to permanent crease resistant properties; and effecting post-irradiation treatment by storage enabling the cross-linking to be completed.

Abstract: An animated doll comprising a deformable flexible envelope mounted on a rigid casing filling the greater part of the head and trunk portions of the doll. The mouth of the doll is moved by actuating means causing nursing of the doll and permitting absorption and excretion of liquid.

Abstract: A wafer of the semiconducting compound ZnTe is subjected to at least one bombardment by a magnesium ion flux, the energy and density of the bombardment or bombardments being such as to obtain a desired concentration of magnesium ions in the portion of the semiconductor to be doped and this is followed by a thermal annealing operation, the concentration of magnesium being such as to obtain an alloy having the formula Mg.sub.X Zn.sub.1.sub.-X Te with 0<X<1.

Abstract: An unsaturated hydrocarbon elastomer with a high molecular weight is reacted upon an oxidizer and a reducer forming a redox couple, in an organic solvent medium in the absence of air or in an aqueous medium, the oxidizer being selected from the group consisting of hydrogen peroxide and organic peroxides, and the reducer being selected from the group consisting of sulphinic acids and their derivatives and of hydrazine and its derivatives.The pasty to liquid materials obtained give, after having been vulcanized and possibly reinforced, elastomeric products.

Abstract: Hydrosoluble extracts of mycobacteria suitable as immunological adjuvants are prepared. These extracts have a molecular weight between 3,500 and 30,000 and adjuvant, non-arthrogen properties. The delipidated bacterial residues of mycobacteria are subjected to a mild extraction, then the so-obtained substance is isolated and purified by physicochemical methods, or the delipidated bacterial residues of mycobacteria are treated by means of pyridine, optionally in the presence of acetic anhydride, then the obtained products are treated with ethanol or water, and the hydrosoluble substances are isolated and purified by physicochemical methods.

Abstract: The invention produces a catalyst of highly divided metallic copper on a support. The copper hydroxide is prepared in an organic medium by means of a soluble complex of copper hydroxide decomposable under the effect of a physical agent and this catalyst is prepared directly from this complex. It is useful in catalytic reactions for dehydrogenation of butanol and of isopropanol.

Abstract: Quaternary ammonium salts of malic acid having the formula: ##EQU1## where: R is a monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon radical, saturated or unsaturated, of from 8 to 20 carbon atoms but preferably of 12 to 18 carbon atoms; R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 may be identical or different and each represents a lower alkyl radical or an aryl radical. The salts find use in cosmetics as a source of the malic ions necessary to the energy process in cellular metabolism. These salts insure a better intracellular penetration of malic ion and improve the stability of creams and other cosmetic emulsions.