Abstract: This invention relates to a method and system for modeling film grain noise. The film grain noise as modeled is applied to a video signal. Both the signal-dependent aspect 430 and the correlation aspect 440 of the film grain noise are taken into consideration, resulting in a more realistic modeling of film grain noise. Furthermore, the efficiency and the flexibility for modeling film grain noise are improved by use of the method and system according to this invention.

Abstract: A power converter has a power transistor driving a power current through an inductor to provide a controlled power-supply voltage. The power transistor is on during a first state but off during a second state when a sink transistor reduces the power current through the inductor. Both voltage sensing of the power-supply voltage and current sensing at the power transistor provide feedback to control the amount of time that the first state is active, and thus control the power current. Current sensing is provided by a smaller minor transistor in parallel with the power transistor. The minor transistor turns on after the power transistor to reduce disturbance spikes. Switches connect sources of the power and mirror transistors to an amplifier that drives a sensing transistor. The sensing transistor generates a sensing voltage from the mirror transistor source. During the second state the amplifier's inputs are equalized to provide fast response.

Abstract: A light guiding strip and a double-sided planar light apparatus are provided. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the double-sided planar light apparatus includes a plurality of light guiding strips, wherein the plurality of light guiding strips are positioned in a planar arrangement, each of the plurality of light guiding strips including a first plurality of light emitting surfaces disposed toward a first direction and a second plurality of light emitting surfaces disposed toward a second direction, each of the plurality of light guiding strips further including a first end and a second end configured to receive light, wherein the plurality of light guiding strips emit light from the first and second plurality of light emitting surfaces. Reflectors and light diffusion patterns on the light guiding strips provide control and independence over the two sides of the planar light apparatus.

Abstract: Some representative embodiments are directed to systems and methods for compressing a data set. In one embodiment, a method comprises receiving a frame of data to be encoded, generating a residual frame that represents a difference between the received frame and one or several reference frames, performing a respective sum of absolute differences (SAD) calculation for each block within the residual frame, and applying a transform function to each data value within the residual frame, wherein the transform function is at least a function of a SAD value calculated for the block containing the respective data value.

Abstract: An oscillator operates at a very low voltage yet has a duty cycle that is set by a ratio of capacitors that are charged and discharged. Sub-threshold p-channel transistors conduct sub-threshold currents below the normal threshold voltage, and drive set and reset inputs of a set-reset S-R latch. The S-R latch drives the oscillator outputs. The oscillator outputs feed back to charging p-channel transistors that charge one plate of the capacitors. During half of the cycle, the charging p-channel transistor is off, allowing one plate of the capacitors to discharge through an n-channel discharge transistor. After a period of discharge determined by the capacitance of the capacitor, the gate of a sub-threshold p-channel transistor falls enough for sub-threshold current to flow, triggering the set or reset input of the S-R latch. Since sub-threshold currents are needed to toggle the S-R latch, the oscillator begins to oscillate below the threshold voltage.

Abstract: A bandgap reference voltage generator has a first stage that generates a first current that is complementary-to-absolute-temperature (Ictat) and a second stage that generates a current that is proportional-to-absolute-temperature (Iptat). The Ictat and Iptat currents are both forced through a summing resistor to generate a voltage that is relatively independent of temperature, since the Ictat and Iptat currents cancel out each other's temperature dependencies. A PMOS output transistor drives current to an output load to maintain the load at the reference voltage. An op amp drives the gate of the PMOS output transistor and has inputs connected to emitters of PNP transistors in the second stage. A series of resistors generate the reference voltage between the PMOS output transistor and ground and drives bases of the PNP transistors and includes the summing resistor. Parasitic PNP transistors in an all-CMOS process are used. The generator operates with a 1-volt power supply.

Abstract: An optoelectronic distance sensor with slant component 200 having a spacer 202 bonded on a mother substrate 201 is disclosed. The spacer 202 has slant surface for receiving one or more optoelectronic components 204, such as an optical sensor, that are mounted at an angle to the mother substrate 201. Such electronic components 204 are bonded on a daughter substrate 203 which attaches to the spacer 202 at the slant surface. The optoelectronic assembly 200 can be manufactured at chip-level, including by one ore more of exemplary methods disclosed herein.

Abstract: A plurality of disc-shaped substrates carry light emitters and are axially stacked, spaced apart, in a metal housing to dissipate the heat produced by the light emitters. The housing comprises mutually connected elongate planar ribs that abut the light emitters or substrates for thermally connecting the light emitters to the housing. The ribs have shoulders. The substrates are received between the ribs and abut the shoulders. The shoulders are positioned proximate each light emitter in intimate contact with the substrate for efficient heat dissipation.

Abstract: A near field apparatus comprises a Radio Frequency (RF) coil including at least one of a shorting bridge from a first point to a second point along an electrical path of the RF coil and/or a discontinuity in the electrical path of the RF coil.

Abstract: Systems and methods for communicating over multiple frequency bands include a driven antenna element and a parasitic element communicatively coupled to the driven antenna element, the parasitic element including at least a first and a second conductive section. The parasitic element can include two or more conductive sections, and the sections can be coupled using a connector (e.g., switching element or trap). Further, some driven antenna elements may be associated with two or more parasitic elements.

Abstract: A method for controlling transmission power on a node over a wireless ad-hoc network which includes a plurality of sender, intermediate and receiver nodes is provided. Initially, levels of the transmission power of the node are configured. The node then exchange information with its neighboring nodes by sending out a global signal. After exchanging the information, the node identifies a node coverage for the level of the transmission power. The node then determines an effective transmission power (ETP). Finally, the ETP is used to form a virtual cluster.

Abstract: Subject matter disclosed herein may relate to lens actuators used, for example, in auto-focus and/or vibration compensation systems of digital cameras.

Abstract: A light-emitting assembly comprising a lens, a first optical source, a second optical source and a third optical source, wherein the lens is disposed forward of said first, second and third optical sources; the third optical source is intermediate the first and second optical sources; and the lens and the first, second and third optical sources are arranged so that light emitted from the first and second optical sources merges at the third optical source after undergoing internal reflection at the lens.

Abstract: A bandgap reference voltage generator has a first stage that generates a first current that is complementary-to-absolute-temperature (Ictat) and a second stage that generates a current that is proportional-to-absolute-temperature (Iptat). The Ictat and Iptat currents are both forced through a summing resistor to generate a voltage that is relatively independent of temperature, since the Ictat and Iptat currents cancel out each other's temperature dependencies. A PMOS output transistor drives current to an output load to maintain the load at the reference voltage. An op amp drives the gate of the PMOS output transistor and has inputs connected to emitters of PNP transistors in the second stage. A series of resistors generate the reference voltage between the PMOS output transistor and ground and drives bases of the PNP transistors and includes the summing resistor. Parasitic PNP transistors in an all-CMOS process are used. The generator operates with a 1-volt power supply.

Abstract: An optical displacement sensor for measuring distance or surface displacement of an object by surface profile scanning includes an optical source, a first optical detector and a second optical detector. The optical source is located intermediate the first and second optical detectors. The first and second optical detectors are arranged to collect light emitted by the optical source when scattered by and/or reflected from the object.

Abstract: There is described a hybrid bonding method for through-silicon-via based wafer stacking. Patterned adhesive layers are provided to join together adjacent wafers in the stack, while solder bonding is used to electrically connect the vias. The adhesive layers are patterned to enable outgassing and to provide stress relief.

Abstract: A mobile device comprises a main compartment, a flip cover coupled to the main compartment, wherein the main compartment includes a Radio Frequency (RF) feed and ground, and wherein the flip cover includes at least one multiband antenna system in communication with the RF feed and ground, the antenna operating in at least one television broadcast band.

Abstract: An antenna system comprises a first antenna element mutually coupled with a second antenna element, the mutual coupling between the first and second antenna elements causing a first current in the second antenna element, and a coupling element disposed at least partially between the first and second antenna elements, wherein the coupling element is mutually coupled to each of the first and second antenna elements, and wherein the coupling element is configured to induce a second current in the second antenna element that at least partially cancels the first current.

Abstract: A Radio Frequency (RF) component comprising a non-superconducting material, and a superconducting material, wherein the superconducting material is disposed in one or more areas of the RF component such that the areas with superconducting material conduct greater current density than do areas with the non-superconducting material.

Abstract: A method of sensing movement or proximity of objects by optical reflection is provided. The method includes the steps of transmitting a train of optical pulses towards a destination, sensing optical pulses reflected from the destination, and sensing and evaluating movement or proximity characteristics of objects at the destination with reference to variation in pulse width between transmitted and reflected optical pulses.