Abstract: A foldable antenna system particularly suitable for use in a radar system includes a first antenna and a second antenna providing signaling; a body part; at least an actuator connected to the body part; a first connection element; a second connection element configured to connect the second antenna to the first antenna; a third connection element movably connected to the first antenna and a carriage part fixing the actuator to a surface. One end of the first connection element is movably connected to the body part distal from the actuator and a second end is connected to the first antenna.

Abstract: An analog input signal (X(n)) is processed by a Peak to Average Ratio Reduction (PARR) block to diminish the difference between peak amplitudes and average amplitudes of the analog input signal (X(n)). After, a distorted signal (h(n)) having low peak to average amplitude ratio, generated at the PARR block output, is processed by a delta sigma modulation (DSM) block converts the distorted signal (h(n)) into a digitally modulated distorted signal (h_dsm(n)) with high signal to noise ratio (SNR). Afterwards, the digitally modulated distorted signal (h_dsm(n)) is corrected and amplified by a Class-D RF power amplifier fed by a feeding signal (env(n)) generated from a digital correction signal (z_dsm(n)). As a result, a digitally modulated signal (y(n)) with high signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the analog input signal (X(n)) is generated at the output of the Class-D RF power amplifier.

Abstract: A power amplifier system which operates at a narrow band with high power and high efficiency or at a wide band is provided. Said power amplifier system comprises at least one high power amplifier; at least one connection line; at least one input block which receives at least one signal from an input, which is connected to said high power amplifier and connection line, which sends received signal to either high power amplifier or connection line and which amplifies the power of the signal sent to the connection line; and at least one high power asymmetric output switch, which is connected to said high power amplifier and connection line and which sends signals coming from said high power amplifier and connection line to an output.

Abstract: A method for learning deep convolutional features specifically designed for correlation filter based visual tracking includes the steps of, selecting a first image from a first image patch; selecting a second image from a second image patch; forward propagating selected first image by a convolutional neural network model formula, the formula has random weights with zero mean for the parameters; forward propagating selected second image by the convolutional neural network model formula; computing correlation filter using forward propagated second image and centered correlation response; circularly correlating forward propagated first image and computed correlation filter to generate predicted response map; calculating the loss by comparing the predicted response map with desired correlation corresponding selected first image and second image and updating the parameters of the convolutional neural network model formula according to calculated loss.

Abstract: An all digital outphasing transmitter includes, at least one decomposition unit for decomposing an input signal to generate a first sub-signal and a second sub-signal; at least one outphasing signal generator to convert said first sub-signal to an outphasing signal; at least one delta sigma modulator to convert said second sub-signal to a delta sigma modulated signal; at least one mixing unit for mixing the outphasing signal and delta sigma modulated signal to generate a first and second mixed signal; at least one first amplifier for amplifying the first mixed signal; at least one second amplifier for amplifying the second mixed signal; at least one combiner for combining the first and second amplified mixed signals to generate a delta sigma modulated output signal and at least one band pass filter for filtering the delta sigma modulated output signal to recover the input signal envelope back on to the output signal.

Abstract: An all digital outphasing transmitter includes, at least one decomposition unit for decomposing an input signal to generate a first sub-signal and a second sub-signal; at least one outphasing signal generator to convert said first sub-signal to an outphasing signal; at least one delta sigma modulator to convert said second sub-signal to a delta sigma modulated signal; at least one mixing unit for mixing the outphasing signal and delta sigma modulated signal to generate a first and second mixed signal; at least one first amplifier for amplifying the first mixed signal; at least one second amplifier for amplifying the second mixed signal; at least one combiner for combining the first and second amplified mixed signals to generate a delta sigma modulated output signal and at least one band pass filter for filtering the delta sigma modulated output signal to recover the input signal envelope back on to the output signal.

Abstract: A phase shifter capable of withstanding very high average RF power, which enables directing of the beam in radar systems, it includes a waveguide, a ferrite toroid, composite dielectric plate including a dielectric plate in high thermal conductivity and a dielectric plate with the high dielectric constant, which increases the amount of phase shift per the unit length by directing the electric field and the transfer of heat generated on the ferrite toroids to the waveguide, a twin-toroid ferrite-dielectric structure including a combination of ferrite toroids and composite dielectric plates.

Abstract: A reduced size phase shifter provides the orientation of the microwave beams. The phase shifter includes RF connector (4) that provides the entrance of the coaxial transmission line (8) into the phase shifter (1), dielectric plate (7) with high dielectric constant that provides the gradual transformation of the quasi TEM mode carried by means of the micro-strip transmission line (6) into TE10 mode carried on the twin-toroid structure (5).

Abstract: A chip structure, suitable to be used in radar applications includes, at least one gallium based first layer to perform RF applications; at least one gallium based second layer, placed on the first layer, to perform digital applications; at least two copper based pillars located between the first layer and the second layer, which provide electrical connection between the first layer and second layer and which ensure that there is a safe distance between the first layer and second layer.

Abstract: An active limiting system that is suitable to protect a low noise amplifier against the high power signals received from a signal input includes, at least one first switch, source of which is connected to a gate voltage; at least first resistor which is connected between the gate and source of the first switch; at least one second resistor, which is connected between a drain voltage and drain of the first switch; at least one second switch, source of which is connected to said drain voltage and drain of which is connected to a signal input; at least one third resistor which is connected between the drain of the first switch and gate of the second switch; at least one first filtering element, which blocks DC currents/voltages and which is connected between the source of the second switch and ground.

Abstract: An uplink multiple access method based on the user-specific frozen bit patterns of polar codes assigned to users and relevant transmitter-receiver embodiments. The method includes encoding the information bits with a polar encoder by using the binary-valued, user-specific frozen bit patterns in frozen bit locations during encoding operation. The method further includes mapping of coded bits with symbols to be transmitted and baseband-to-RF processing performed on the symbol sequence. The generated signals of each user are transmitted by using the same time-frequency resources. The method further includes to receive the superposed signal of multiple users transmitted by means of relevant uplink radio channels. The method further includes an RF-to-baseband conversion on the received signal and detecting and decoding each user data by using an interference cancellation multiuser detector and a polar decoder that uses binary-valued pattern sequences assigned to the users in the frozen bit locations.

Abstract: An antenna array having wide frequency band, broad scanning volume and high polarization purity. The antenna array includes a ground plane (2), at least two antenna elements (1) located opposite to each other on the ground plane (2), at least one protrusion (4) located between the at least two antenna elements (1) and extending outward from the plane (2).

Abstract: Batteries and methods of forming the same include a lithium anode, an electrolyte having a high solubility for lithium ions and oxygen, and a thin graphene cathode formed on a substrate. Lithium ions migrate from the lithium anode through the electrolyte to form Li2O2 at a surface of the thin graphene cathode.

Abstract: A method for optimizing focus of an optical system passively fundamentally includes the following steps: discretizing optical positions (focus distances) with respect to precision requirements; initializing an idle counter to zero, going to the initial optical position, initializing a best position to current position, clearing a sharpness array; calculating correspondence in 2-tuple format; adding a sharpness value to a sharpness array; calculating a longest increasing subsequence on the sharpness array; checking if the longest increasing subsequence length increases; clearing the idle counter; setting the best position to the current position; incrementing the idle counter; checking if the termination threshold is reached; checking if the current position corresponds to the end of discrete optical positions if the termination threshold is not reached; driving motors to the next position; optionally improving the best position; going to the best position and terminating the method.

Abstract: A method for acoustic detection of shooter location includes the following steps: receiving acoustic signals by a microphone array; detecting muzzle blast (MB) and shock wave (SW) signals through matched filter and cross correlation processes; transforming the detected MB and SW signals from time domain into frequency domain; beamforming the signals by means of the Delay and Sum method in frequency domain; estimating the direction of arrival (DOA) for the MB and SW signals by finding the azimuth and elevation which give the maximum power of the beamforming response; performing range estimation using the difference between the arrival time of the MB and SW signals together with the DOA estimations.

Abstract: A foldable antenna system particularly suitable for use in a radar system includes a first antenna and a second antenna providing signaling; a body part; at least an actuator connected to the body part; a first connection element; a second connection element configured to connect the second antenna to the first antenna; a third connection element movably connected to the first antenna and a carriage part fixing the actuator to a surface. One end of the first connection element is movably connected to the body part distal from the actuator and a second end is connected to the first antenna.

Abstract: A heater circuit track pattern designed to be coated on a heater plate in order to achieve high uniform heat distribution and fast heating up, low power consumption and prevent current crowding with high fill factor. The heater plate includes a substrate layer which is an electrically insulative, highly thermally conductive, low heat capacity substrate where the heater circuit track pattern has a conductive layer and a resistive layer. The conductive layer has conductive parts such that power pads, main power lines, electrical transfer pads, sub-conductor lines are formed by a highly conductive material to distribute power equally to the resistive layer. The resistive layer has resistive portions including resistive parts formed by a resistive ink to heat up the heater plate.

Abstract: An open bore coil system enabling electronic steering and rotation of a Field Free Line (FFL) inside a large volume. An FFL is generated by placing two parallel coil pairs (fed with alternating current directions) side by side. Using two of these coil groups, the FFL can be rotated in the plane perpendicular to the coil axes. The FFL can be translated in the rotation plane of the FFL using a coil pair placed on the same axis with the other coils. It can also be translated in the perpendicular plane by asymmetrical coil excitation. As all the coils in the system are parallel, the imaged object can be reached from the sides during imaging.

Abstract: A cleaning system and a cleaning method to clean the paste overflowing from at least one hole on the substrate on to at least one substrate during the production of ceramics sintered together at low temperature. The cleaning system includes at least one adhesive tape that adheres to the paste and is convenient for placing over the substrate and at least one pressing element which presses the adhesive tape towards the substrate in order for the adhesive tape to adhere to the overflowing paste. The cleaning method includes laying at least one adhesive tape over the substrate; pressing the adhesive tape towards the substrate by at least one pressing element and enabling the adhesion of the adhesive tape to the paste overflowing from the hole; and separation of the adhesive tape that adheres on the paste overflowing from the hole.

Abstract: An RF crossover apparatus provides low transmission and return losses for microwave systems and meets the requirement for the RF signals to leap over each other as in an insulated state. The RF crossover apparatus contains a body produced from ceramic material, at least two RF strips placed inside the body in a way to intersect each other and at least one insulation layer insulating the RF strips placed on the body at least from the external environment. The body produced from ceramic material enables operation on high frequencies and this provides low transmission and return losses. The RF crossover apparatus also contains matching circuits on the tips of the RF strips for the RF strips to be passed to chip devices during use.