Abstract: In previously known methods for testing internal signals of an integrated circuit, additional output pins were required which, in general, were linked to additional measuring pads within the integrated circuit.

Abstract: 1.

Abstract: In a PLL circuit comprising a voltage-controlled oscillator, a phase detector and a final control element, the final control element contains two separate channels, between the phase detector and the voltage controlled oscillator, one channel processing the useful signal components and the other channel processing the disturbance signal components of the synchronisation pulses. Each channel has two tracks, for generation of a potential difference, each track being connected to a capacitor plate.

Abstract: Integrated circuit layout for LF signal acquisition in the case of contactless data transmission Known circuit layouts for LF signal acquisition only provide for a very short communication distance between transponder and base unit, and consist of several ICs that need to be assembled. Using bipolar or MOS circuit layouts where the LF signal acquisition for the AM demodulator is effected on at least one of the two H bridge circuit branches. This increases system sensitivity and thus the communication distance between transponder and base unit. Due to the reduced voltage strength requirements with regard to the AM demodulator, it will become easy to integrate this circuit component jointly with the H bridge into an IC.