Abstract: A process for reducing the decay and build-up transient times of an intermittently operating oscillating circuit increases the data transmission rate of a transmission unit using such an oscillating circuit. In this process, the current and/or the voltage are held at their maximum values when the excitation voltage for the oscillating circuit is interrupted. This eliminates the decay of the oscillating circuit amplitudes. When the excitation voltage is switched on again, the oscillating circuit continues oscillating at its maximum amplitude without delay. The data transmission rate is increased because the decay or starting times are eliminated.

Abstract: A method detects relaying of a contactless data communication by a radio amplifier for intercepting and manipulating the communication to achieve an unauthorized authentication. The method involves transmitting an electromagnetic field successively from at least two spatially separated antennas of a transmitting unit, receiving the transmitted fields in a receiving unit, determining field strength vectors of the received fields allocated to each antenna, and comparing actual values of the vectors with prescribed nominal values stored in a nominal value field that maps the true field strength distribution in multi-dimensional space around the transmitting unit. The actual field strength magnitude and the reception angle between the transmitting antennas can be determined from the vectors and compared with stored nominal values in this manner. When the determined actual values match prescribed nominal values of the nominal value field, the occurrence of a relaying of the signal can be reliably excluded.

Abstract: A receiving unit including an operational amplifier having a fixed gain receives an electromagnetic signal, from which a voltage divider with a variable resistance generates an input voltage for the amplifier. The amplifier's output voltage is compared with a reference voltage. The variable input resistance is adjusted to vary the amplifier's input voltage, until the amplifier's output voltage lies within a defined range around the reference voltage. This adjusted resistance value is compared with nominal resistance values previously stored in a value field and respectively allocated to field strength values, to determine a field strength of the received signal. A circuit arrangement includes an operational amplifier, a memory unit connected to a processor unit, a first voltage divider, a second voltage divider, and a control element that controls the second voltage divider to provide the controlled variable input resistance.

Abstract: Method for generating a time-limited signal.

Abstract: A control unit and two negative feedback branches limit the amplitudes of the output signal of an inverting differential amplifier. Each feedback branch includes a threshold value switch including a transistor as well as an adjustable current source and a resistor forming a voltage divider between a supply voltage and the amplifier output. The voltage divider output is connected to the transistor's base. The transistor selectively connects or disconnects the input of the amplifier with either the supply voltage or the amplifier output. The control unit controls the two current sources based on external programming commands, to establish two adjustable threshold values within which the negative and positive amplitudes of the output signal are limited, symmetrically or independently, in a hard or soft clipping manner. Even with small supply voltages, the limited output will not overdrive subsequent amplifier input stages and will not superimpose harmonics on the useful signal.

Abstract: In a process for the transfer of data between a base station and a transponder by means of an electromagnetic carrier wave, on which data bits are modulated by means of amplitude modulation, the duration of a modulation interval of a data bit is determined and compared with a reference value, a correction value is calculated from the deviation of the actual value of the duration of the modulation interval from the reference value, and the actual values of the duration of the modulation intervals of the following data bits are corrected with the correction time. As a result of the correction, the duration of the modulation intervals may be reduced and the data transfer rate increased or the transfer rate may be adapted to the transfer conditions.

Abstract: In the processes known so far, for a trench-shaped structure the doping of the side walls is coupled to the doping of the bottom region.

Abstract: In the processes known so far, for a trench-shaped structure the doping of the side walls is coupled to the doping of the floor region.

Abstract: In the processes known so far, for a trench-shaped structure the doping of the side walls is coupled to the doping of the floor region.

Abstract: In the processes known so far, for a trench-shaped structure the doping of the side walls is coupled to the doping of the floor region.

Abstract: In a flip-flop including a control element and a holding element, in which a first current causes the control element to set a logic state and a second current causes the holding element to maintain the logic state, the cut-off frequency is increased by dimensioning the transistors of the holding element to be smaller than the transistors of the control element. In other words the transistors of the holding element have a smaller current-carrying capacity than the transistors of the control element.

Abstract: Method for manufacturing components on an SOI wafer.

Abstract: With the previously known methods for manufacturing a silicon wafer with an insulating intermediate layer, especially in the case of a thicker silicon layer lying upon the insulating intermediate layer, great expenditure is required in order to create a layer with the quality and surface required for producing integrated circuits.

Abstract: In the previously known methods for tuning the antenna resonant circuit, in the case of passive transponders, their range in a high-frequency carrier field is generally limited to a few cm as the supply voltage for the integrated circuit gained from the carrier field falls very quickly with increasing distance.

Abstract: In the previously known methods, the buried layers, such as suicide for example, are produced on SOI wafers by thinning the wafer bonded onto the SOI wafer to the desired thickness, and then isolating the layers grown on the SOI wafer by means of a trench process.

Abstract: In the known methods for transmitting data, the voltage of the modulation signal changes a plurality of times within one bit, or the voltage value of the modulation signal is determined by the significance of the bit.

Abstract: Method for increasing the supply voltage range of an integrated circuit. In the previously known methods, the electrical parameters of an integrated circuit are adapted to the intended supply voltage during manufacture. With the new method, the electrical parameters are adapted to the supply voltage by an integrated control circuit. This control circuit adapts or compensates the change of the electrical parameters caused by a change of the supply voltage by means of one or a plurality of switching elements.

Abstract: In a method of detecting redirection or interception during a bi-directional non-contact making data transmission, the attenuation (A1) of the amplitude over the forward path is compared with the attenuation (A2) of the amplitude over the return path. The attenuation (A1) over the forward path is transmitted in encoded form with the reply signal. If the attenuation values determined thereby are of the same magnitude, then the likelihood of a redirecting process can be excluded. In order to additionally increase the security of the system, the carrier frequency (F2) of the interrogation signal can also be compared with the carrier frequency (F21) of the reply signal. The signals can also incorporate an ID code.

Abstract: In a method of transferring data from a transponder to a reading device in a scanning identification system through load-modulation of an inquiry signal emitted by the reading device, with the transponder being initialized at the beginning of the reception of the inquiry signal and responding with the emission of the response signal, first a predetermined number of data bits that are not part of the response signal are transmitted, and a terminator sequence followed by the response signal are repeatedly transmitted, until the inquiry signal is interrupted. The time required by the reading device for building up the inquiry field is bridged by the predetermined number of data bits and, at the same time, the reading device is synchronized to the clock of the response signal. Through the terminator sequence, which indicates the beginning of a valid response signal, the response signal is already recognized correctly by the reading device during the first transfer.

Abstract: In the previously known methods for tuning the PLL circuit, the loop filter has to be discharged again if the PLL circuit does not lock in. During this time, also known as dead time, the PLL circuit cannot detect any signals. With the new method, the PLL circuit can also detect signals during the discharge period of the loop filter. This avoids dead times and the signal detection by the PLL circuit is substantially accelerated. The data throughput is increased, especially when used in high-frequency applications such as, for example, in the field of mobile telephones.