Abstract: The present invention is a composition comprising an optically variable pigment modified with a silane functional compound and a copolymer which is a polymeric backbone having a reactive functionality thereon to react with the silane functional compound. The invention also includes a process for treating the optically variable pigment, and a coating composition containing the treated optically variable pigment.

Abstract: Expandable thermoplastic polymers in particle form comprising a) at least one organic boron-silicon compound, b) at least one thermoplastic polymer and c) a blowing agent, a process for their preparation, and the foams produced using these expandable thermoplastic polymers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel carbodiimides or oligomeric polycarbodiimides containing terminal isocyanate, urea and/or urethane groups, methods for their preparation, and their use as hydrolysis stabilizers.

Abstract: A transfer film having a magnetic layer consists essentially of a substrate film, a parting layer and a transfer layer which is detachable from the said parting layer and is formed by one or more magnetic layers, and, on that side of the magnetic layer which faces the substrate film, after detachment of the substrate film, the surface-forming layer consists of a top layer which contains inorganic pigments in a cross-linked polymer matrix and has a thickness of from 0.2 to 5.0 .mu.m and a surface resistance of from 10.sup.-1 to 10.sup.-8 ohm/cm.

Abstract: Crude capronitrile is purified by hydrogenation, subsequent treatment in an acidic medium and subsequent distillation in an alkaline medium, by a process in which(a) 6-aminocapronitrile is converted into crude caprolactam by reaction with water,(b) high boilers and low boilers are separated off from the crude caprolactam from step (a),(c) the crude caprolactam from step (b) is treated with hydrogen at from 50.degree. to 150.degree. C. and from 1.5 to 250 bar in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst and, if desired, of a solvent to give a mixture A,(d1) mixture A in a solvent is passed, at from 30.degree. to 80.degree. C. and from 1 to 5 bar, over an ion exchanger containing terminal acid groups to give a mixture B1, or(d2) mixture A is distilled in the presence of sulfuric acid, any solvent present being removed before the addition of the sulfuric acid, to give a mixture B2, and(e) mixture B1 or mixture B2 is distilled in the presence of a base to give pure caprolactam.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a 5-vinylpyrrolidone of the formula ##STR1## wherein each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is hydrogen or alkyl and R.sup.3 is preferably hydrogen but may further represent alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, arylalkyl or a 5- to 6-membered aromatic or non-aromatic heterocyclic group containing 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms and/or an oxygen or sulfur atom, the process being carried out in two steps, first to react a 3-formylpropionic acid ester of the formula ##STR2## where each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl, and R.sup.4 is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl, with a vinylymagnesium halide of the formulaCH.sub.2 .dbd.CH--Mg--X V,where X is chlorine, bromine or iodine, at a temperature of from -30.degree. to 100.degree. C., under a pressure from 0.001 to 10 bar and in a molar ratio of V:IV of from 0.3:1 to 3:1 to obtain as an intermediate product a gamma-vinylbutyrolactone of the formula ##STR3## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.

Abstract: A hydrogenation catalyst, obtainable by carrying out essentially the following steps:(a) treatment of a platinum metal salt with finely divided sulfur followed by(b) reduction of the platinum metal salt to metallic platinum metal.

Abstract: The invention relates to expandable styrene polymers for elastic polystyrene foams, comprisinga) from 50 to 75% by weight of polystyrene and/or a styrene copolymer containing at least 50% by weight of copolymerized styrene,b) from 5 to 30% by weight of a styrene-soluble elastomer,c) from 5 to 20% by weight of at least one block copolymer containing styrene as one component,d) from 15 to 50% by weight of at least one polyolefin,e) from 1 to 15% by weight, based on the sum of a) and b), of a low-boiling blowing agent, and, if desired,f) conventional additives in effective amounts,and to foams produced therefrom.

Abstract: Cyclohexenone oxime ethers I ##STR1## R.sup.1 =C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl; W=unsubstituted or C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkyl-substituted C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -alkylene chain;X=NO.sub.2, CN, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -haloalkyl; n=0-3 or 1-5 if all X's are halogen;R.sup.2 =C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy-C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylthio-C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3 -C.sub.7 -cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.5 -C.sub.7 -cycloalkenyl, a substituted or unsubstituted 5-membered saturated heterocycle containing 1 or 2 oxygen and/or sulfur atoms, substituted or unsubstituted 6- or 7-membered heterocycle having 1 or 2 non-adjacent oxygen and/or sulfur atoms and which is saturated or mono- or diunsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted 5-membered heteroaromatic containing 1 or 2N atoms and one O or S atom, phenyl or pyridyl, both of which are unsubstituted or bear 1-3 halogen, NO.sub.

Abstract: Basic dyes of the formula ##STR1## where n is from 1 to 3,CuPc is a copper phthalocyanine radical,R.sup.1 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl,R.sup.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl,R.sup.3 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl,R.sup.4 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl andAn.sup..crclbar. is the equivalent of an anion,with the proviso that R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 are not both hydrogen, are useful for dyeing or printing polymeric material.

Abstract: Polyimides are obtainable by reacting a dianhydride component with a diamine component, at least one diamine containing cycloaliphatic units, with the proviso that the dianhydride component is a mixture of different dianhydrides if the diamine component consists only of one diamine containing cycloaliphatic units and the diamine component is a mixture of different diamines if the dianhydride component consists of only one dianhydride.

Abstract: Particles (I) which are suitable as carriers for electrophotography consist ofa) a magnetic core andb) a shell of alumina, chromium oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, silica, tin oxide or zirconium oxide or a mixture thereofand particles (II) consist ofa) a magnetic core andb) a shell of titanium oxideand are obtainable by decomposing a titanium tetraalcoholate in the gas phase by reaction with steam and/or oxygen in the presence of agitated cores, and these particles are used in electrophotographic two-component developers.

Abstract: Thermoplastic polyesters are prepared by polycondensation of dihydroxy compounds with dicarboxylic acids or their esters or ester-forming derivatives by a process in which an alkali metal compound or an alkaline earth metal compound is added in an amount of less than 1 mmol, calculated as alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, per kg of polyester.

Abstract: The invention relates to a curable composition containing as component A) compounds with at least two activated double bonds (I), these being .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carboxylic acid esters or .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated nitriles, and compounds B) which contain at least two active hydrogen atoms or at least two groups with active hydrogen atoms or at least one active hydrogen atom and at least one group with an active hydrogen atom, and customary additives, catalysts, if appropriate pigments and an organic solvent. Either component A) or B) or components A) and B) are based on a branched soluble acrylate copolymer (P) which is obtainable by copolymerization ofa) 3 to 30% by weight of monomers with at least two ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable double bonds,b) 5 to 60% by weight of monomers with a functional group andc) 5 to 92% by weight of other ethylenically unsaturated monomers,the sum of a), b) and c) being 100% by weight.

Abstract: Radiation-curable binders which are obtained by reactingA) an amine/formaldehyde condensate having a molar ratio of formaldehyde to amino groups of from 1:1 to 2:1 withB) one or more esters, having a free hydroxyl group, of acrylic acid or of methacrylic acid with polyalcohols which contain from two to four alcoholic hydroxyl groups, from 0.1 to 0.3 hydroxyl equivalent of component B) being used per methylol equivalent of component A),in the presence of a strong acid are suitable for use in coating materials.

Abstract: Thermoplastic molding materials are obtainable by mixingA) from 0.5 to 5% by weight of a carboxyl-containing polyethylene wax having an average molecular weight M.sub.n (number average value) of from 500 to 20,000 andB) from 0 to 50% by weight of fibrous or particulate fillers or mixtures in a melt ofC) from 40 to 99.5% by weight of a polyamide prepolymer having a viscosity number of from 40 to 80 ml/g followed by post-condensation in the solid phase.

Abstract: A fluid-powered rotor including one or more circular flow plates an an energy-transferring means, for example, an axle. Each circular flow plate has a circumferential groove near its outer edge with an inlet end and an outlet. The outlet is a through-hole in the circular flow plate and, in the case of a plurality of circular flow plates, is aligned with and connected to the inlet end of the groove in the adjacent downstream circular flow plate. Viscous drag of a fluid passing through the grooves rotates the circular flow plates to produce work.

Abstract: Inorganic oxide pigments (ceramics) are prepared by mixing the starting materials in the presence of water and in the presence or absence of assistants, drying and subsequent calcining in a rotary furnace by processing the starting materials in the presence of water into a pumpable suspension having particle sizes of 50%<10 .mu.m and 100%<50 .mu.m, dewatering the suspension by spray drying it to leave porous granules, and calcining those granules>97% from 20 to 800 .mu.m in size.

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula (I) or (II) ##STR1## where m is 2 or 3,n is an integer from 1 to 6,R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are, independently of one another, hydrogen, C.sub.1 - to C.sub.18 -alkyl, C.sub.3 - to C.sub.8 -alkenyl or C.sub.5 - to C.sub.12 cycloalkyl, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are, independently of one another, hydrogen, C.sub.1 - to C.sub.18 -alkyl, C.sub.3 - to C.sub.8 -alkenyl, C.sub.5 - to C.sub.12 -cycloalkyl or C.sub.7 - to C.sub.12 -phenylalkyl, in which the phenyl ring may be substituted by up to 3 C.sub.1 - to C.sub.12 -alkyl or C.sub.1 - to C.sub.12 -alkoxy groups,X is oxygen or NR.sup.3,R.sup.3 is an R.sup.1 radical or a group of the formula ##STR2## B completes a 3- to 12-membered heterocycle, A when n=1 is an aliphatic radical or unsubstituted or substituted phenyl, andA when n>1 is a divalent organic radical, are used as processing stabilizers for thermoplastic materials.

Abstract: Halogen-free fuel additives based on a long-chain hydrocarbon having a polar terminal group are obtained by reacting a hydroformylated olefin with a polyamine and hydrogenating the reaction product.