Abstract: 2,5-bis(1,1-dialkoxy-2-propyl)-2,5-dihydrofurans of the formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 can be identical or different and can be alkyl of 1 to 4 carbons, the preparation thereof by reaction of 2,5-dialkoxy-2,5-dihydrofurans of the formula II ##STR2## In the presence of protic acids or Lewis acids with an alkyl propenyl ether of the formula III ##STR3## and the use thereof for preparing 2,7-dimethyl-2,4,6-octatrienedial and symmetric C.sub.40 -carotenoids such as .beta.-carotene, canthaxanthin and astaxanthin, are described.

Abstract: Suspension polymers ofa) from 80 to 100% by weight of methyl methacrylate andb) from 0 to 20% by weight of further monomers capable of undergoing free radical polymerization,are obtainable by polymerization at a temperature of from 100.degree. to 140.degree. C. which is virtually constant over the major part of the polymerization time by means of an initiator system consisting of two or more peroxide initiators I having different decomposition temperatures T at which in each case half of the initiator has decomposed after 1 hour, whereinthe initiator I.sub.min having the lowest decomposition temperature has a decomposition temperature T.sub.min of from 60.degree. to 100.degree. C.,the initiator I.sub.max having the highest decomposition temperature has a decomposition temperature T.sub.max of from 100.degree. to 140.degree. C., the difference between T.sub.max and T.sub.min is greater than 10.degree. C. and I.sub.max is a perketal of the general formula (1) ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.

Abstract: A process for preparing spray granules or microgranules, which contain no binder, are non-dusting and free-flowing, from finely divided pure riboflavin, comprises subjecting an aqueous or water-containing suspension of the pure finely divided riboflavin toa) a fluidized bed spray dryingb) a single-nozzle spray drying orc) a disk-type spray dryingin particular a fluidized bed spray drying, without adding binders to the suspension, and the spray granules or microgranules of riboflavin obtainable by this process.

Abstract: Monoclinic 2-chloro-(2',6'-dimethyl-N-pyrazol-1-ylmethyl)-acetanilide of the formula I ##STR1## which melts at 76.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the production of plastic foams, preferably rigid foams containing urethane groups or urethane and isocyanurate groups, by reactinga) an organic and/or modified organic polyisocyanate withb) at least one relatively high-molecular-weight compound containing at least two reactive hydrogen atoms, and, if desired,c) a low-molecular-weight chain extender and/or cross-linking agent,in the presence ofd) a blowing agent,e) a catalyst and, if desired,f) assistants and/or additives,in which the blowing agent (d) used is at least one vinylfluoroalkane of the formula CH.sub.2 .dbd.CH--C.sub.n F.sub.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a .omega.-(O-substituted urethano)alkylcarboxylate, wherein a lactam having from 4 to 9 ring members, which can have alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, or aralkyl groups containing up to 12 carbon atoms as substituents, is reacted with a carbonic diester of an alkanol, alkenol, cycloalkanol, or aralkanol containing up to 16 carbon atoms, at a temperature of from 25.degree. to 300.degree. C. in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a base.

Abstract: A catalyst for decomposing dinitrogen monoxide which is pure or present in gas mixtures comprises metallic silver applied to an alumina carrier with a BET surface area of from 5 to 25 m.sup.2 /g.

Abstract: A method of producing a cured coating is described comprising the steps of:(A) applying a coating composition on a substrate, wherein the coating composition is a curable coating composition comprising:(1) a polymer comprising functional groups that are reactive with methylol and/or methylalkoxy substituents on the amino nitrogens of an aminoplast curing agent, and(2) an aminoplast curing agent that includes, as substituents on the amino nitrogens:(a) a plurality of methylol and/or methylalkoxy substituents, and(b) one or more substituents that are either nonreactive with the functional groups on the polymer or are reactive with the functional groups at a higher temperature than the temperature at which the methylol and/or methylalkoxy substituents are reactive with the functional groups, and(B) curing the coating at a cure temperature sufficient to react the functional groups on the polymer with the methylol and/or methylalkoxy substituents, but below the temperature for reaction, if any, between the functio

Abstract: A radiation-sensitive mixture suitable for producing relief patterns comprises(a) a water-insoluble but alkali-soluble polymeric binder,(b) an organic compound whose solubility in an alkaline developer is increased by the action of acid and which contains at least one acid-cleavable group and additionally a group which forms a strong acid on irradiation, and additionally(c) an organic compound which reacts with water or stronger nucleophiles at up to 120.degree. C.

Abstract: In a process for the performance of location-selective catalytic reactions with or on the surfaces of solids in the nanometer or subnanometer range, the surface in question is chemically modified by means of a surface-sensitive scanning probe containing the catalytic material. This process is used for information storage.

Abstract: Thiazoleazo dyes useful for dyeing or printing textile fibers have the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1 -.sub.6 -alkyl, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkythio, substituted or unsubstituted phenylthio, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkylsulfonyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenylsulfonyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxycarbonyl,R.sup.2 is cyano, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkanoyl, benzoyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkylsulfonyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenylsulfonyl or a radical of the formula --CH.dbd.T, where T is the radical of an acidic CH compound,R.sup.3 is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1 -.sub.6 -alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl or mono- or di-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylcarbamoyl,R.sup.4 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: Partly aromatic copolyamides contain as essential componentsA) 40-90% by weight of units derived from terephthalic acid and hexamethylenediamine,B) 0-50% by weight of units derived from .epsilon.-caprolactam andC) 0-60% by weight of units derived from adipic acid and hexamethylenediamine,the components B) and/or C) accounting for a total of not less than 10% by weight of the total units and the copolyamide having a triamine content of less than 0.5% by weight.

Abstract: .alpha.-Phenylacrylic acid derivatives I ##STR1## n=0 to 4; y=a;R.sup.1 =H; alkyl; alkenyl; alkynyl; substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl; vinyl or ethynyl when W is a direct bond;R.sup.2 =CN; alkenyl; alkynyl; substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl; substituted or unsubstituted alkyl;R.sup.3 =H; NO.sub.2 ; CN; halogen; alkyl; alkoxy; haloalkyl; haloalkoxy; alkylthio;or when n is 2, 3 or 4, two adjacent substituents R.sup.3 together form substituted or unsubstituted 1,3-butadien-1,4-diyl;R.sup.4 is phenyl which carries a radical --CR.sup.7 .dbd.NO--R.sup.8 and which may further carry one or two radicals;W=direct bond; oxygen; sulfur; substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen;and A can be an oxygen or sulfur radical.

Abstract: Fuels for gasoline engines contain a combination of a nitrogen-containing detergent component and an alkoxylate as a carrier oil component, the alkoxylate being a dialkylphenol-initiated propoxylate.

Abstract: Pulverulent dye preparations useful for preparing printing inks or finishes comprise one or more solvent dyes and an auxiliary selected from the group consisting of alkyl vinyl ethers, primary, secondary or tertiary alkylamines, polybutylene glycols and addition products of ethylene oxide with polybutylene glycols.

Abstract: Tertiary amides useful as low-foam wetting agents in the textile industry have the formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is straight-chain or branched C.sub.5 -C.sub.17 -alkyl or -alkenyl,R.sup.2 is straight-chain or branched C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -alkyl,R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each independently of the others hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, andn is from 3 to 15.

Abstract: Plasticizing resins, aqueous dispersions of cationic resins, and methods of making the same for use in cathodic electrodeposition are disclosed. The resins are formed from reacting a polyoxyalkylenepolyamine, a phenol, and a formaldehyde. The reactants may further include a block building unit derived from a polyepoxide. When used in combination with other conventional electrodepositable resins, deposited films with improved mechanical properties and descreased tendency toward cratering are obtained.

Abstract: Arycolaldehyde, glyceraldehyde, C.sub.4 - and C.sub.5 -sugars or mixtures thereof are prepared in a self-condensation of formaldehyde by reacting formaldehyde or a formaldehyde donor in the presence of a mesoionic catalyst of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is nitrogen or CR.sup.3, Y is sulfur or selenium or NR.sup.4, and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 can be identical or different and each can represent an aliphatic, aryl, aralkyl or heteroaryl group which is unsubstituted or which bears substituents which have only a negligible effect on the catalytic activity of said mesoionic catalyst, with the proviso that R.sup.2 together with R.sup.4 can form a C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 -alkylene or alkenylene bridge or a C.sub.6 -C.sub.14 -arylene bridge, and wherein R.sup.5 is hydrogen, the hydroxymethyl group -CH.sub.2 OH or the hydroxymethylhydroxymethyl group --CH(OH)(CH.sub.2 OH).

Abstract: Abstract of the Disclosure: Polymers of olefinically unsaturated monomers and solutions of these polymers are obtainable by a process in which the olefinically unsaturated monomers are polymerized in the presence of a free radical initiator in solution under polymerization conditions which are otherwise predetermined, in such a way that the solvent and/or a liquid part of one or more reactants of the polymerization batch are initially taken and heated to the polymerization temperature, and some or the total amount of the monomers to be polymerized is fed continuously to the agitated initially taken part of the polymerization batch via one or more feeds, with maintenance or initiation of the polymerization, in such a way that the outlet orifice of the one or more feeds is located below the surface of the initially taken liquid part of the polymerization batch.

Abstract: Abstract of the Disclosure: N-Hetaryl-2-nitroanilines Ia and Ib ##STR1## (R.sup.1 =H, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy; R.sup.2 =NO.sub.2, CN, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -haloalkyl; R.sup.3 =NO.sub.2, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -haloalkyl; R.sup.4 =CO--R.sup.5,CO--OR.sup.5, SO.sub.2 R.sup.5 with R.sup.5 =C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or naphthyl; Q=H, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal ion, substituted or unsubstituted ammonium ion, phosphonium, sulfonium or sulfoxonium ion, one equivalent of a transition metal cation; Het=thienyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl or thiadiazolyl, each of which is linked via a ring carbon to the basic element, which can be fused to a non-aromatic C.sub.5 -C.sub.8 -ring and/or can additionally carry on each other carbon one of the following: CN, SCN, NO.sub.2, halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, naphthyl, benzyl or thienyl, CO--R.sup.5, CO--OR.sup.5, NR.sup.6 R.sup.7 ; R.