Abstract: A 3-substituted 2-hydroxy3-formylpropionic ester of the formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is lower alkyl, and R.sup.2 is straight-chain or branched alkyl of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, is obtained by adding an alkanal of the formula II ##STR2## and an alkyl glyoxylate of the formula III ##STR3## simultaneously to a catalyst system composed of a salt or a mixture of a secondary amine and a carboxylic acid in such a way that the temperature does not exceed 90.degree. C., preferably 80.degree. C., or else adding one of the reactants of the formula II or III to a mixture of the catalyst system described above and the other reactant in such a way that the temperature does not exceed 90.degree. C. The 2-hydroxy-3-formylpropionic ester of the formula I can be converted by treatment with dehydrating agents, especially acetic anhydride, into good yields of the corresponding 3-substituted 3-formylacrylic ester.

Abstract: Oxalic acid derivatives of the formula IA--CO--COO--Y--X--D Iwhere A is an unsubstituted or substituted azetidine ring which is bonded via its nitrogen atom, Y is unsubstituted or substituted alkylene, X is oxygen or sulfur and D is unsubstituted or substituted alkyl or alkenyl or is monocyclic or polycyclic unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkenyl or cycloalkenylmethyl or unsubstituted or substituted phenyl, phenylalkyl or phenylalkenyl, their preparation and growth regulators containing them.

Abstract: Acicular, ferromagnetic metal powders essentially consisting of iron are stabilized against oxidation and corrosion by a two-stage reaction of the metal powder with an oxygen-containing inert gas, by a process in which this gas mixture has a water vapor content of from 70 to 95% relative humidity in the second stage and the oxygen content is from 10 to 20%.

Abstract: Azo dyes useful for thermotransfer printing have the formula ##STR1## where the substituents have the following meanings: X is a radical of the formula IIa or IIb ##STR2## R.sup.1 is H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl or phenyl which may be substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 -alkoxy, chlorine, bromine or cyano,R.sup.2 is H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, chlorine or bromine, n is 1 or 2, K is a radical of a coupling component IIH--K IIIof the aniline, aminonaphthaline, pyrazole, diaminopyridine, hydroxypyridone or tetrahydroquinoline series.

Abstract: To remove phosgene from off-gases, the former is reacted in a washing zone with a liquid which contains or is composed of compounds of the formula ##STR1## where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are identical or different and are each aliphatic or cycloaliphatic alkyl of 1 to 8 carbons, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are --(CH.sub.2).sub.n -- where n is 4 or 5, R.sub.3 is hydrogen or aliphatic or cycloaliphatic alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or R.sub.1 or R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are --(CH.sub.2).sub.m -- where m is 3, 4 or 5.The liquid can be regenerated by the addition of water, and the regenerated liquid can be returned to the washing zone.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a carboxylic chloride of the general formula I ##STR1## in which R denotes C.sub.1 -C.sub.30 -alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.30 -alkenyl or C.sub.2 -C.sub.30 -alkynyl, from a carboxylic acid of the general formula II ##STR2## in which R has the meanings stated, and phosgene COCl.sub.2 (III), in the presence of a catalyst adduct comprising phosgene and N,N-disubstituted formamide of the general formula IV ##STR3## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkyl or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together form a C.sub.4 - or C.sub.5 -alkylene chain which may or may not be interrupted by an oxygen atom or by a nitrogen atom carrying a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkyl group or CHO, the product being isolated by phase separation, wherein the amount of phosgene added to the formamide (IV) is from 20 to 70% molar, based on the formamide.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran I ##STR1## or a derivative thereof, where R.sup.a and R.sup.b are C-organic radicals, involves reacting a 2-hydroxybenzyl alcohol II ##STR2## in the presence of an acidic ion exchanger resin and in the presence of an inert dehydrating substance. Novel 2,3-dihydrobenzofurans Ia, 2-acylphenols IVa and 2-hydroxybenzyl alcohols IIa, a process for their preparation, and their use as intermediates are also described.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of "natural" methyl anthranilate which comprises the microbial N-demethylation of methyl N-methyl-anthranilate is disclosed.

Abstract: Reactive dyes of the formula ##STR1## where m is 0 or 1,A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 are different and each is a fiber-reactive radical or else, in the case of A.sup.2, hydrogen,D.sup.1 and D.sup.2 are substituted or unsubstituted phenylene, substituted or unsubstituted phenylenemethyl, substituted or unsubstituted naphthylene or substituted or unsubstituted naphthylenemethyl,K.sup.1 and K.sup.2 are each the radical of a coupling component of the aminonaphthalenesulfonic acid series andL is a bridge member,are useful for dyeing and printing hydroxyl- or nitrogen-containing substrates.

Abstract: Polyurethane vinyl ethers are obtainable by reactingA) 1 NCO equivalent of one or more isocyanurate-containing polyisocyanates withB) 0.01-1.0 OH equivalent of one or more monohydroxyvinyl ethers andC) 0-0.99 equivalent of functional groups of further compounds, which groups are reactive with OCN.

Abstract: Azolylethane derivatives of the general formula I ##STR1## where A and Z are each alkyl, phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, benzyl, cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl, these radicals being substituted or unsubstituted, D is alkoxy, amino, mercapto, thiophenyl, aminophenyl, hetaryloxy or phenoxy, these radicals being substituted or unsubstituted, n is an integer from 1 to 5 or 0, and X is CH or N, and their plant-tolerated acid addition salts and metal complexes, and fungicides and growth regulators containing these compounds.

Abstract: The thermoplastic molding compositions contain as essential componentsA) from 96 to 99.9% by weight of at least one polyamide,B) from 0.1 to 4% by weight of one or more dialkyl ketones of the general formula I ##STR1## where R and R' are each alkyl of from 10 to 30 carbon atoms, and also, based on the sum total of A) and B),C) from 0 to 40% by weight of an impact modifying rubber,D) from 0 to 60% by weight of fibrous or particulate fillers or a mixture thereof, andE) from 0 to 120% by weight of a modified polyphenylene ether.

Abstract: Thermoplastic compositions useful for producing metallic moldings containA) 40-65% by volume of a sinterable pulverulent metal or of a pulverulent metal alloy or of a mixture thereof,B) 35-60% by volume of a mixture ofB1) 85-100% by weight of a polyoxymethylene homopolymer or copolymer andB2) 0-15% by weight of a polymer homogeneously dissolved in B1) or dispersed therein with an average particle size of less than 1 .mu.m,C) 0-5% by volume of a dispersant.

Abstract: Metal oxide-doped zinc oxide pigments are produced by processing an oxide, carbonate, hydroxide of hydroxycarbonate of zinc in the presence of water and an oxide, carbonate, hydroxide, hydroxy-carbonate, oxalate or formate of the doping metal into a paste using formic acid or oxalic acid in an amount which is at least sufficient for converting the oxides, carbonates, hydroxides or hydroxycarbonates mentioned into formates or oxalates, drying, grinding and calcining at from 700.degree. to 1100.degree. C. in an inert gas atmosphere.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of triphenylmethane dye of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each denote hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, benzyl or sulfobenzyl,R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each denote hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or sulfonic acidR.sub.5 denotes a phenyl, sulfophenyl, dialkylaminophenyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylphenyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl-dialkylaminophenyl, halogenophenyl, naphthyl, sulfonaphthyl, disulfonaphthyl, or alkyldisulfonaphthyl by oxidation of the leuco compound of the corresponding triphenylmethane dye with manganese dioxide in the presence of an aqueous phosphoric acid at a temperature of about 20.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C.,by the addition of a base selected from the group consisting of ammonia, amines, aminoalcohols, metal hydroxides of Groups IA, IIA, IIIA and mixtures thereof in an amount sufficient to neutralize the aqueous solution,by filtration from the precipitate andby isolation of the triphenylmethane dye.

Abstract: The invention relates to a demagnetizing device for magnetic recording media, so-called pancakes, wound up in the form of a tape, which device consists of a cylindrical coil (1), the field distribution (3) of which extends essentially parallel to the winding plane (2) of the recording medium (4), while the pancakes (4) can be inserted into the coil (1) in the axial direction by a lifting device (5). The compact form enables an entire pancake stack to be demagnetized at the same time (FIGURE).

Abstract: The invention relates to dispersions which are obtainable from sheet silicates, a protective colloid and an aqueous dispersant and are suitable for the incorporation of sheet silicates into water-dilutable coating compositions. The dispersions according to the invention are obtainable using poly(propylene oxide) as the protective colloid, and the poly(propylene oxide) contains no hydrophobic terminal groups, has on average at least one hydroxyl group per molecule and may optionally contain up to 40% by weight of --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --O-- units.

Abstract: Nitrobenzoic acids I ##STR1## (X.sup.1, X.sup.2 =fluorine, chlorine, bromine, hydrogen or nitro) are prepared by oxidizing the corresponding nitrotoluene II ##STR2## with nitric acid in the presence of sulfuric acid and vanadium(V) compounds, and anthranilic acids III ##STR3## (Y.sup.1, Y.sup.2 =fluorine, chlorine, bromine, hydrogen or amino) are prepared from the nitrobenzoic acids I by reduction.

Abstract: The flame retardancy of flexible polyurethane foams is increased by incorporation into the foam forming reactants of a low molecular weight, high primary hydroxyl trifunctional polyether polyol having a hydroxyl number between 300 and 500 and a primary hydroxyl content greater than 50 percent.

Abstract: Unsaturated monoesters of the formula (I) ##STR1## are prepared from diesters of the formula (II) ##STR2## where the radicals R.sup.1 to R.sup.5 in the formulae (I) and (II) are identical to each other and each is hydrogen, straight-chain or branched alkyl or alkenyl of from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl or cycloalkylene of from 5 to 8 carbon atoms, aryl, alkylaryl or aralkyl, by reaction in the presence of a zeolite and/or phosphate as a catalyst with the elimination of a carboxylic acid R.sup.6 COOH where R.sup.6 is hydrogen or alkyl of from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, n being an integer from 1 to 10.