Abstract: Composites of electrically conductive materials and inorganic binders contain, as the electrically conductive material, a p- or n-doped electrically conductive polymer which possesses conjugated bonds and forms a coherent phase.

Abstract: The invention relates to integral skin rigid polyurethane structural foam having high impact strength, high heat distortion and flame retardant properties. This foam is prepared from a polyol selected from the group consisting of polyoxyalkylene polyether polyol, a polyester polyol or mixture thereof, an organic polyisocyanate, a chain extender and blowing agent.

Abstract: Molding materials of(A) one or more polyoxymethylene homopolymers and/or copolymers and(B) one or more thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers,(C) with or without additives, contain, as an additive,(D) one or more alkaline earth metal silicates, advantageously in an amount of from 0.005 to 2% by weight, based on the weight of the components (A) and (B), for improving the heat stability, reducing the tendency to discoloration and minimizing the free formaldehyde content.To prepare the molding materials, the components (A), (B), (D) and, if required (C) are advantageously melted together in an extruder at from 150.degree. to 260.degree. C.The molding materials are useful for the production of films or moldings, which are used, for example, in the automotive, electrical appliances and electronics industries.

Abstract: In a container for a plurality of disk-shaped articles, the partly opened base portion possessing receiving grooves consists of two substantially identical parts which can be assembled, and two further, substantially identical cover parts which at least partially close the openings, and means are provided for disengageably locking the parts of the base portion to the cover parts. Interlocking stacking means are used for stacking a plurality of the base parts, with or without cover parts. The container of the parts of the base portion are useful for any transportation and archiving purposes during production of the articles or by their end users.

Abstract: Cyclohexenone derivatves of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is alkyl, R.sup.2 is alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted alkenyl or alkynyl, A is alkoxycarbonyl, carboxyl, cyano or trifluoromethyl, B is hydrogen or methyl, X is straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkylene, Z is hydrogen or alkoxycarbonyl and n is 0 or 1, and salts thereof, and their use for combatting unwanted plant growth.

Abstract: A catalyst containing copper and silica is prepared by a process in which an aqueous alkali metal silicate solution containing from 1 to 26% by weight of SiO.sub.2 is brought to a pH of from 0.5 to 2.0 with nitric acid, an aqueous copper nitrate solution containing from 5 to 15% by weight of Cu is added, after the addition of the nitric acid, so that a clear solution containing from 0.18 to 3.0 moles of Cu per mole of SiO.sub.2 is formed, the resulting solution is mixed with an aqueous alkali metal carbonate solution at from 40.degree. to 80.degree. C., the pH of the mixture being kept at from 7.5 to 8.5, and the precipitated material is separated off, dried, calcined by heating at from 250.degree. to 400.degree. C. and pressed in a conventional manner to give catalyst moldings. The catalyst thus obtained is used for the hydrogenation of dialkyl dicarboxylates to diols.

Abstract: Carboxylates of hydroxyl-containing polymers are prepared by reacting a finely dispersed hydroxyl-containing polymer with a carboxylic anhydride in the heterogeneous phase in the presence of a tertiary amine as a catalyst by a method in which an N-alkylimidazole, where alkyl is of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, is used as the catalyst.

Abstract: Pentoses and hexoses are epimerized by heating sugar dissolved in a solvent in the presence of a molybdenum(VI) compound, by an improved process in which, for the preparation of a sugar having cis OH groups in the 2- or 3-position, of the formula Ia or Ib ##STR1## where R is one of the radicals ##STR2## a homogeneous solution of the corresponding sugar of the formula IIa or IIb ##STR3## is heated to 75.degree.-100.degree. C. in the presence of from 30 to 200 mol %, based on sugar used, of a metal salt of the formula (III)MeX.sub.2 (III)where Me is Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba or Zn and X is Cl or Br, which may or may not contain water of crystallization, and in the presence of from 2 to 20 mol %, based on the sugar used, of a molybdenum(VI) compound.The process is particularly important for the preparation of D-ribose, which is required as an intermediate for vitamin B.sub.2.

Abstract: Binders contain(A) copolymers of(a) from 5 to 70% by weight of monoesters of acrylic acid and/or methacrylic with dihydric to hexahydric C.sub.2 -C.sub.18 -alcohols,(b) from 0.1 to 80% by weight of esters or amides of acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid with monofunctional C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 -alcohols or -amines which have an open-chain and/or cyclic urea group in the ester or amide radical,(c) from 1 to 60% by weight of esters of acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid with monofunctional C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alcohols and(d) from 0 to 60% by weight of other comonomers, and(B) polyisocyanates, some or all of whose isocyanate groups may be blocked with CH--, NH--- or OH--acidic blocking agents and which have an isocyanate functionality of from 2.5 to 6.These binders are employed for the preparation of polyurethane finishes, which are used to produce coatings.

Abstract: Aqueous solutions of free hydroxylamine are prepared by a process in which(a) hydroxylammonium sulfate is reacted with ammonia in a lower alkanol as solvent, and a solution of free hydroxylamine and solid ammonium sulfate with residues of hydroxylammonium sulfate is obtained,(b) solid ammonium sulfate and hydroxylammonium sulfate are separated off from the resulting reaction mixture, and an alcoholic solution of free hydroxylamine is obtained as the filtrate,(c) a stabilizer and water are added to the resulting alcoholic solution of free hydroxylamine, and(d) the alkanol is distilled off from the alcoholic solution containing free hydroxylamine, the stabilizer and water.

Abstract: Olefinically unsaturated compounds are hydroformylated continuously, the olefin being passed into the lower region of the reactor, under from 1 to 40 bar and at from 50.degree. to 140.degree. C. with the aid of a rhodium complex as a catalyst in a hydroformylation reactor having a liquid reaction zone which occupies about 60-85% of the reactor volume, the gaseous products and reactants being removed from the hydroformylation reactor, the products being isolated and the major part of the remaining gas being recycled to the reactor by the cycle gas method, by a process in which from 20 to 80% by volume of the cycle gas is fed into the hydroformylation reactor above the liquid reaction zone and/or below the liquid surface in the top fourth of the liquid reaction zone.

Abstract: Wholly aromatic polyesters which form a liquid-crystalline fiber-forming melt below 300.degree. C. and composed of(a) from 5 to 35 mol % of repeat units of the formula I ##STR1## (b) from 3 to 15 mol % of repeat units of the formula II ##STR2## (c) a molar amount corresponding to the total amount of (a) and (b) of repeat units of the formula III ##STR3## and (d) not less than 10 mol % of repeat units of the formula IV ##STR4## the molar proportions of components a, b, c and d adding up to 100 mol % in each case, the preparation thereof and fibers, films, moldings and surface coating materials prepared therefrom.

Abstract: Disclosed are polyester polyols liquid at 25.degree. C., having an average functionality of from 2 to 3, a hydroxyl number of from 25 to 400, an acid number smaller than 10 and a viscosity at 25.degree. C. of from 200 to 10,000 mPas, which contain in bonded form units having at least one of the structures--O--CH.sub.2 --CH(CH.sub.3)--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --O--,--O--CH.sub.2 --CH(C.sub.2 H.sub.5)--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --O--,--OC--CH(CH.sub.3)--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CO--and--OC--CH(C.sub.2 H.sub.5)--CH.sub.2 --CO--which are prepared by the polycondensation or transesterification of 2-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 2-ethyl-1,4-butanediol, 2-methyl-glutaric acid and/or 2-ethyl succinic acid or their derivatives, optionally while using other organic polycarboxylic acids and multivalent aliphatic alcohols and are useful for preparing non-cellular or cellular polyurethane plastics or polyurethane-polyurea plastics.

Abstract: Inclusion of minor amounts of predominately amorphous silica microfibers into thermosetting matrix resins allow manufacture of prepregs which produce toughened composites resistant to impact damage without the loss of modulus normally associated with toughened resin systems.

Abstract: Alkenecarboxylates of the formula I ##STR1## where R.sub.1 is alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms and n is 2, 3 or 4, are prepared by a process which comprises reacting a lactone of the formula II ##STR2## where R.sub.2 is hydrogen or methyl and m is 1 or 2, with an alkanol of 1 to 6 carbon atoms in the presence of an acidic catalyst at from 150.degree. to 400.degree. C.

Abstract: But-2-enes are obtained from C.sub.4 -hydrocarbon mixtures which contain but-1-ene and may or may not contain but-2-enes by catalytic isomerization of the but-1-ene to but-2-enes in an isomerization zone at elevated temperatures by a process in which the isomerization is carried out in combination with a distillative separation zone, the said hydrocarbon mixture being fed to the isomerization zone and/or distillative separation zone, the isomerization mixture obtained from the isomerization zone is passed into the distillative separation zone, a but-1-ene-containing fraction is removed above the lower third of the distillative separation zone and passed into the isomerization zone, and the but-2-enes or a fraction containing these are or is removed in the lower third of the distillative separation zone.

Abstract: Curable polyester molding materials contain a mixture ofA. an ethylenically unsaturated polyester or a vinyl ester possessing an unsaturated terminal group,B. copolymerizable monomers,C. fibrous reinforcing agents,D. powdered fillers,E. organic free radical initiators,F. a viscosity depressant andG. conventional additives.The viscosity depressant is a tertiary or secondary amine which carries a long-chain alkyl or acyl group and a carboxyl group.

Abstract: Mixtures crosslinkable by photopolymerization and based on binders, photopolymerizable monomers compatible therewith and photoinitiators, contain as binders copolymers prepared from (a.sub.1) from 30 to 70% by weight of ethylene, (a.sub.2) from 5 to 40% by weight of (meth)acrylic acid and (a.sub.3) from 5 to 50% by weight of one or more vinyl ester, vinyl ether, (meth)acrylic acid ester and/or (meth)acrylamide.

Abstract: Carbalkoxy-containing aliphatic compounds are prepared continuously by reacting an olefinically unsaturated aliphatic compound with carbon monoxide and an alkanol in the presence of a cobalt carbonyl catalyst and a tertiary nitrogen base at from 80.degree. to 200.degree. C. and under from 100 to 1,200 bar by an improved process in which carbon monoxide is circulated, and a carbon dioxide content of from 0.1 to 2% by volume is maintained in the carbon monoxide fed to the reaction.

Abstract: Acrylates or methacrylates I ##STR1## (A and B=C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 -alkylene, R.sup.1 =H, CH.sub.3) are prepared by reacting an acrylate or methacrylate II ##STR2## (R.sup.2 =C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl) with a heterocycle III ##STR3## in the presence of titanium alcoholates chelate compounds of the metals titanium, zirconium, iron and zinc with 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds.