Abstract: A novel enzyme for the reduction of 2-oxocarboxylic acids, and its preparation, are described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a self-crosslinking heat-curable binder, in particular for electrocoating finishes, based on an organic synthetic resin which contains primary and/or secondary hydroxyl groups, esterified carboxyl groups and quaternary ammonium groups and can be diluted with water as a result of partial or complete neutralization with acids. The esterified carboxyl groups are activated in the alcohol component by a substituent which has a negative inductive effect.

Abstract: Polyoxyalkylated 2,2-dialkyl-1,3-propanediols which produce exceptionally low residues in pan tests at elevated temperatures are disclosed for use in fiber finishing operations.

Abstract: Cotton-containing fabrics are bleached with hypochlorite in an aqueous alkaline liquor at elevated temperatures by a process in which bleaching is carried out at from 80.degree. to 110.degree. C. in the course of from 30 seconds to 25 minutes in the presence of a water-soluble polyhydroxy compound, as a readily oxidizable substance, in an amount of from 0.5 to 20 g/l.

Abstract: A tape cassette, in particular a video cassette, comprises two flanged reels and, between the flanges of each reel, a spring member as a biassing means to prevent the tape from slipping off the roll or folding over. The spring members can be attached to the side walls or rear wall of the housing, and their free ends constantly bear against the peripheries of the tape rolls. In specific embodiment the spring member advantageously includes the braking spring for a reel-braking device. By using a conductive material on one or both sides of the spring member and appropriately arranging the spring member relative to a tape guide element or to an element grounded on the tape recorder, it is possible to directly prevent tape loop formation, which is a cause of tape slippage and folding-over. Moreover, tape winding and unwinding are improved.

Abstract: 1,3-Diamino-2,2-dialkylpropanes whose alkyl substituents are each of 1 to 4 carbon atoms are prepared by reacting the corresponding 2,2-dialkylpropane-1,3-diols with ammonia in the presence of hydrogen under superatmospheric pressure by a process in which the reaction is carried out in solution and in the presence of a cobalt-containing catalyst.

Abstract: Carboxyl-containing polymers which are water-soluble at least in the neutralized form are prepared by a method in which a monoethylenically unsaturated C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 -carboxylic acid is polymerized in the presence or absence of a carboxyl-free copolymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomer in aqueous solution in the presence of polymerization initiator and of from 0.01 to 5% by weight, based on the monomers, of an inorganic acid of phosphorus in which the phosphorus has an oxidation state of from 1 to 4, its water-soluble salts, a water-soluble --PO(OH).sub.2 -containing compound and/or its water-soluble salts and, if required, a polymerization regulator. Virtually colorless or only slightly colored polymer solutions are obtained.

Abstract: 2,3-Dihydrobenz-4-oxa-1-thiins of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each hydrogen, methyl or methoxy, and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together may furthermore be a fused benzene ring, R.sup.4 is hydrogen or an m-valent aliphatic hydrocarbon radical which may be interrupted by sulfur and /or carry thiol groups as substituents, or is halogen when n is zero, X is --O--, --S-- or --O--CO--, m is 1 or 2 and n is zero or 1, are useful as antioxidants for organic materials.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of curable etherified aminoplast resins based on urea/aldehyde polycondensates, and the preparation of surface coating resins.Urea is first reacted with an .alpha.,.alpha.-dialkylaldehyde, as much as 50 mol % of which may be replaced by formaldehyde, in a molar ratio urea/aldehyde of about 1:2, at from 50.degree. to 120.degree. C., in the presence of an acid and in the presence or absence of an alcohol or of other organic solvents, and the 2-oxohexahydropyrimidine derivative obtained in this cyclocondensation is then condensed with formaldehyde in the presence of one or more alcohols and an acid.These aminoplast resins are useful as both acid-curable resins and as resins for baking finishes.

Abstract: A pressure spring for reels in tape cassettes, for example video cassettes, possesses fastening means which are arranged in the area of a depression in the particular reel to which pressure is to be applied. In practice, the pressure spring is designed for a two-reel cassette and is in the form of a two-armed spring having fastening arms roughly parallel to these arms.

Abstract: Novel phenylpiperazinylpropane and -butane derivatives of hetarylphenols and hetarylanilines of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or alkoxy where alkyl is of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, the phenyl ring can be monosubstituted or disubstituted by R.sup.2, X is oxygen or an NH group, and the heterocyclic structure Het. is 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl, triazolyl, imidazolyl or pyrazolyl, and their physiologically tolerated addition salts with acids, processes for their preparation, and pharmaceutical formulations which contain these compounds and exhibit predominantly sedative, neuroleptic and hypotensive properties.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: ##STR1## where R is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, phenyl, chlorophenyl, methylphenyl, methoxyphenyl or nitrophenyl; R.sup.1 is allyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkoxy, phenoxy, phenyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkanoyloxy, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, methylcyclohexyl, norbornyl, phenyl or phenyl substituted by chlorine, methyl or alkoxy; R.sup.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 -alkanoyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 -alkanoyl substituted by alkoxy or phenoxy, cyclohexanoyl, benzoyl, benzoyl substituted by chlorine, methyl or methoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, phenylaminocarbonyl, CH.sub.3 NHCO, C.sub.2 H.sub.5 NHCO, C.sub.3 H.sub.7 NHCO, C.sub.4 H.sub.9 NHCO, (CH.sub.3).sub.2 NCO, CH.sub.3 SO.sub.2, C.sub.6 H.sub.5 SO.sub.2 or p--CH.sub.3 --C.sub.6 H.sub.4 --SO.sub.2 ; or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, together with the nitrogen atom, form a ring system, and K is a radical of a coupling component.

Abstract: Alkylcarboxylic acids (where alkyl is of 6 to 20 carbon atoms) are manufactured by hydrocarboxylating the corresponding olefins by means of cobalt carbonyl compounds in the presence of from 0.5 to 1.5 kg of N-methylpyrrolidone, per kg of the olefin, as the solvent.

Abstract: A magnetic dispersion which can be applied to a non-magnetic base to produce a recording medium is prepared by dispersing a magnetically anisotropic material in a polymer binder and in an organic solvent by a method wherein the magnetically anisotropic material is worked in a jet mill before and/or during dispersing.

Abstract: Production of acrylic acid by oxidation of acrolein with gas containing oxygen in the gas phase at elevated temperature in the presence of a catalyst which, in addition to oxygen, consists essentially of (a) molybdenum, (b) tungsten, (c) vanadium and (d) iron and/or copper. The atomic ratio of molybdenum:tungsten:iron and/or copper is 1 to 20:0.01 to 10:1 and the atomic ratio of vanadium:molybdenum is 0.2 to 6:6. Acrylic acid is an important starting material for the production of high polymers.

Abstract: Acyloxy-2-butenes of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is alkyl of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, R.sup.5 is hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 5 carbon atoms or R.sup.6 --CO--O, and R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are each hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, phenyl or cyclohexyl, the preparation of these acyloxy-2-butenes by reaction of 1-acyloxy-1,3-butadienes of the formula ##STR2## with carboxylic acids of the formula R.sup.7 --COOH and oxygen at 50.degree.-180.degree. C. in the presence of catalysts containing palladium or platinum, and the use of the compounds of the formula I, where R.sup.1, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are hydrogen, R.sup.2 and R.sup.6 are methyl and R.sup.7 is methyl or ethyl, for the preparation of 4-acyloxytiglic aldehydes.

Abstract: Sulfonates of hydroxycoumarins of the formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are identical or different and are each hydrogen, halogen or alkyl of 1 to 5 carbon atoms which can be substituted by --NR.sup.4 R.sup.5, --OR.sup.4 or --OC(O)R.sup.4, where R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are identical or different and are each hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each a carboxylic acid group --OC(O)R.sup.4 or a carboxamido radical, with the proviso that R.sup.1 is not methyl when R.sup.2 is hydrogen, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together form a --(CH.sub.2).sub.n -- chain where n is 3-5, and R.sup.3 is a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical of 1 to 8 carbon atoms or cycloalkyl of 3 to 8 carbon atoms, each of which can be substituted by halogen, --OR.sup.4, --NR.sup.4 R.sup.5, --CN or phenyl, or R.sup.3 is a straight-chain or branched alkenyl radical of 3 to 8 carbon atoms, an amino group -- NR.sup.4 R.sup.

Abstract: A flameproofed thermoplastic molding material consists ofA. a thermoplastic resin containing a vinylaromatic monomerand furthermore containsB. from 0 to 100 parts by weight of an elastomer having a glass transition temperature Tg 0.degree. C., as an impact modifier,C. from 2 to 50 parts by weight of a halogen-containing organic compound (flameproofing agent),D. from 0.5 to 20 parts by weight of a compound containing a metal or non-metal (synergistic agent) andE. from 5 to 50 parts by weight of a novolak (phenol/aldehyde resin).The novolak is obtained from an aldehyde of the formula (I)R.sup.1 --CHO (I)where R.sup.1 is H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 -alkyl, cycloalkyl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 -aryl or .omega.-aryl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkyl, and a mixture of phenols, and this mixture contains two or more monosubstituted phenols and the substituents can be alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms or CN.The molding material is used for the production of flameproofed moldings.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing transparent iron oxide pigments comprising reacting an iron compound, an ammonia releasing compound and water in a non-aqueous solvent in which both the iron compound and the ammonia-releasing compound have appreciable solubility. The reaction is performed by refluxing this composition. Where a red pigment is desired, a high boiling alcohol may be employed whereby the refluxing is carried out above 200.degree. C. which thus converts the pigment to a red iron oxide pigment during the reflux step. In order to get a metallic finish, aluminum flake pigment may be added to a mixture of the iron compound and solvent prior to addition of the ammonia-releasing salt.

Abstract: N,N',N"-tris-(2-hydroxypropyl)-melamine is prepared by reacting melamine with isopropanolamine in the presence of an acidic catalyst, by a process in which the reaction is carried out at from 120.degree. to 300.degree. C. and using an excess of isopropanolamine, and the molar ratio of free isopropanolamine to the sum of free and converted melamine does not fall below 4:1 during the entire reaction time.