Abstract: A process for the biological purification of effluent which is contaminated with nitrogen in the form of ammonium, nitrite or nitrate ions or in the form of organic compounds, by oxidizing the nitrogen under aerobic conditions and reducing the nitrogen under anaerobic conditions, wherein the sewage to be treated, mixed with activated sludge, is subjected, in an aeration basin, to oxygen-containing gas bubbles introduced from below and is thereby simultaneously enriched with dissolved oxygen, to oxidize carbon compounds and nitrogen compounds, and transported upward, by the buoyancy of the gas bubbles, releases gas at the surface of the liquid and, due to the higher average density of the mixture of lower gas content, in part automatically again flows downward in the aeration basin, to undergo further aeration, while in part it overflows into a denitrification basin which communicates with the aeration basin through an opening at the liquid surface, and an opening at the bottom of the partition, is mixed, in t

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the preparation of flexible polyurethane foams having good hydrolytic stability, improved damping, with equal or higher levels of other physical properties and with a high absorption capacity. The foams are prepared by reacting organic polyisocyanates and mixtures of(a) liquid polyester polyols, which are produced by the polycondensation of organic dicarboxcylic acid and a polyol mixture which contains 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, and at least one triol, and(b) di- to tetra-functional polyether polyols having molecular weights of 1500 to 6000in the presence of catalysts and blowing agents as well as optionally chain extenders, auxiliaries, and additives.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an aryl mono-, di-, and/or polyurethane comprising the steps of A. reacting a primary aromatic mono-, di-, and/or polyamine with an O-alkyl carbamate in the presence of an alcohol at temperatures greater than 160.degree. C., andB. separating the ammonia and other by-products from the aryl mono-, di-, and/or polyurethane.The reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of urea. The aryl mono-, di-, and/or polyurethanes produced are valuable end and intermediate products. They can be transferred into the corresponding isocyanates which can then be used for the preparation of polyurethanes.

Abstract: Novel chroman derivatives ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, R.sup.5 is sec.--C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 --alkyl or tert.--C.sub.4 -C.sub.8 --alkyl, R.sup.6 is H or R.sup.5, m is 1, 2 or 3, and n is 0, 1, 2 or 3, a process for the preparation of these compounds, and their use as stabilizers for plastics.

Abstract: A soft textured high strength Alkali Blue pigment is produced by treating an aqueous dispersion of the pigment from a regular, untreated presscake with an aqueous solution of a tertiary amine acetate followed by the addition of ammonium hydroxide. Alternatively, the pigment dispersion is treated with an aqueous emulsion/dispersion of a tertiary amine. The mixture is then filtered and dried.

Abstract: Herbicidal agents containing an N-azolylmethylhaloacetanilide of the formula ##STR1## where R denotes hydrogen or linear or branched alkyl or alkoxy of a maximum of 5 carbon atoms, R.sup.1 denotes hydrogen, halogen, or linear or branched alkyl or alkoxy of a maximum of 5 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 denotes hydrogen, halogen, or linear or branched alkyl or alkoxy of a maximum of 5 carbon atoms, R together with R.sup.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of .alpha.-methylsubstituted ketones by reacting the corresponding non-methylsubstituted ketones with formaldehyde under hydrogenating conditions. The reaction proceeds easily and with good yields if a catalyst containing metallic palladium deposited on a zirconium, hafnium, titanium or tin phosphate is used. The products are valuable intermediates for the preparation of dyes, crop protection agents or drugs.

Abstract: New m-anilide-urethanes, processes for their manufacture, herbicides containing these compounds, and processes for controlling unwanted plant growth with these compounds.

Abstract: Novel dyes of the formula ##STR1## where A is cyano, carbo-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, carbamyl, N-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylcarbamyl, N-phenylcarbamyl, acetyl, benzoyl, 4-nitrophenyl or 4-cyanophenyl,X is hydrogen, chlorine, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, and if n is 2 the substituents may be identical or different,n is 1 or 2,R.sup.1 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or 2-hydroxyethyl andR.sup.2 is phenyl or cyclohexyl, orR.sup.1 is hydrogen andR.sup.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, orR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, allyl or phenyl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl orthe group ##STR2## is a saturated heterocyclic five-membered or six-membered ring which may additionally contain an oxygen or a further nitrogen as ring members,Y is hydrogen, hydroxyl, methyl or ethyl; ##STR3## where R.sup.3 is linear or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkyl, or is phenyl; ##STR4## where R.sup.4 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl and R.sup.5 is hydrogen, linear or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula I ##STR1## where D is the radical of a diazo component,R is hydrogen, hydroxy or unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, phenyl or heterocyclic ring,R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently of one another are hydrogen or unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl or aryl, orR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together with the nitrogen are a saturated heterocyclic 5-membered to 7-membered ring,X is hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, allyloxy, .beta.-cyanoethoxy, benzyloxy, phenoxy, .beta.-alkoxycarbonylethoxy, where alkoxy is of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkylmercapto of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, phenylmercapto or alkanoylamino of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, andY is chlorine, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, allyloxy, alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or .beta.-cyanoethoxy, orX and Y together are a fused benzene ring which is unsubstituted or substituted by alkyl, alkoxy, chlorine or bromine.

Abstract: Silyl-benzimidazole-2-carbamic acid esters of the formula I ##STR1## where Y and Z are hydrogen or a silyl radical of the formula ##STR2## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 independently of one another are unsubstituted or halogen-substituted alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl of up to 12 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of up to 7 carbon atoms which is unsubstituted or substituted by alkyl or alkynyl of up to 4 carbon atoms, or phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen or alkyl of up to 4 carbon atoms, and R is alkyl of up to 4 carbon atoms, with the proviso that Y and Z are not both hydrogen, and their use as fungicides.The new active ingredients are particularly suitable for combating harmful phycomycetes, ascomycetes and fungi imperfecti.

Abstract: A microcapsule-containing wax composition, which comprises (a) microcapsules of from 2 to 10 .mu.m diameter, (b) waxes and (c) dispersants, with or without pigments, fillers, volatile constituents and other agents conventionally present in wax compositions for the hot carbon process.The wall material of the microcapsules is a cross-linked urea-melamine condensate.The wax compositions may be applied over all or part of the surface of a base material, and give deeply colored copies with color-forming (CF) layers.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of cyclopentadiene copolymers, wherein cyclopentadiene, dicyclopentadiene, tricyclopentadiene, their C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkyl derivatives or co-dimers of cyclopentadiene with a diene of 4 or 5 carbon atoms are reacted with acetylenically unsaturated compounds, with or without other copolymerizable olefinically unsaturated monomers, at from 200.degree. to 320.degree. C. The cyclopentadiene polymers prepared according to the invention may be used, for example, as resin additives for surface coatings, tackifiers in adhesives or resins for printing inks.

Abstract: Compositions having internal mold-release properties comprise a molding polymer and an oxidation stable polyoxyalkylene lubricant compound used alone or in combination with other polyoxyalkylene compounds.

Abstract: Aqueous polymer dispersions containing up to 75% by weight of polymer are prepared advantageously by emulsion copolymerization in the presence of conventional anionic emulsifiers, polymerization initiators and small amounts of polymerization inhibitors, at conventional polymerization temperatures, by copolymerizing at least two monomers A, which per se are not copolymerizable with one another, mixed with from 60 to 95% by weight of at least one monomer B, which is copolymerizable with both monomers A, in the presence of a polymerization inhibitor, by the emulsion feed process, wherein (a) the initial aqueous phase at the start of the monomer emulsion feed contains from 0.01 to 0.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a thiazole derivative of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 are organic radicals and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 may also be hydrogen, by reacting a compound of the formula ##STR2## with a methylene-active compound of the formula ##STR3## in the presence of a base, and the thiazole derivative thus obtained.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an easily dispersible pigment, of high tinctorial strength, having the formula ##STR1## where A is cyano, carbonamido, N-phenyl or N-(chlorophenyl)-carbonamido or is a 5-membered or 6-membered unsaturated heterocyclic ring fused to a benzene ring and B is a barbituric acid radical, by condensing 1-amino-3-imino-insoindoline with the appropriate cyanomethylene compound at pH>7 and then with barbituric acid at pH 1.5-3.5, in an aqueous medium or in water, at from 20.degree. to 150 C. The process may be used to produce high-hiding or transparent pigments which give brilliant colorations.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of copolymer dispersions having a narrow particle size distribution, and exhibiting dilatant flow over a broad range of concentrations, by emulsion copolymerization of from 1 to 10% by weight, based on total monomers, of .alpha.,.beta.

Abstract: A baking lacquer based on acrylate polymers in organic solvents, optionally with coloring pigments and/or fillers is disclosed. The layer is characterized by a combination of two acrylate polymers A and B, wherein acrylate polymer A is a copolymer of copolymerizable ethylenically unsaturated compounds possessing free carboxyl groups originating from copolymerized alpha, beta-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, a proportion of the free carboxyl groups being esterified with a glycerol radical, which also contains other fatty acid radicals attached by ester bonds, so that 0.5-3 moles of free alpha, beta-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid and 0.

Abstract: Gasoline-soluble copolymers containing, as copolymerized units,(A) from 10 to 40% by weight of styrene,(B) from 10 to 50% by weight of tert.-butyl acrylate and/or vinyl pivalate,(C) from 20 to 40% by weight of isobutyl methacrylate,(D) from 5 to 20% by weight of acrylic acid esters and/or methacrylic acid esters of alkanols of 10 to 20 carbon atoms and(E) from 0 to 5% by weight of monoolefinically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids and/or dicarboxylic acids of 3 to 5 carbon atoms and/or their .beta.-hydroxyalkyl esters and/or monoalkyl esters of the dicarboxylic acids,the amount of component (D) being from 20 to 50% by weight of that of component (A), and the sum of the percentages of A to E being 100, are particularly suitable for use as binders for gasoline-containing masonry paints and renders.