Abstract: A process is proposed for monitoring, controlling and/or regulating reactions of a fluid reaction mixture in the presence of a heterogeneous particulate catalyst, in a reactor having two or more thermoplates (1) arranged vertically and parallel to each other while in each case leaving a gap (2), the heterogeneous particulate catalyst being installed in the gaps (2) and the fluid reaction mixture being passed through the gaps (2), which comprises selecting as a regulation signal the temperature which is determined in one or more gaps (2), at two or more measurement points which are distributed over the height of each gap (2).

Abstract: An aqueous dispersion with a pH of from 2 to 7, comprising (A) at least one swellable polymer or oligomer containing anionic and/or potentially anionic functional groups, (B) surface-modified, cationically stabilized, inorganic nanoparticles of at least one kind, and (C) at least one amphiphile; and its use for producing highly scratch-resistant coatings, moldings, and self-supporting films.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for reacting epoxides with an initiator compound in the presence of a double metal cyanide compound as a catalyst, said process having a shortened induction period, and the double metal cyanide compound being activated by adding the epoxide to a mixture of double metal cyanide compound and initiator compound at an internal reactor pressure of less than 1 bar, and also to the polyethers themselves obtainable by such a process.

Abstract: The invention relates to thermoplastic moulding materials containing the components A, B, C and D, in addition to optional components E, F, G and H, said components being composed as follows: A) between 1 and 97.5 wt. % of at least one aromatic polycarbonate A; B) between 1 and 97.5 wt. % of at least one graft polymer B consisting of b1) between 40 and 80 wt. % of a graft base obtained from a rubber elastic polymer B1, b2) between 20 and 60 wt. % of a graft support B2 consisting of b21) between 60 and 95 wt. % styrene or substituted styrenes B21 and b22) between 5 and 40 wt. % of at least one unsaturated nitrile B22; C) between 1 and 97.5 wt. % of at least one thermoplastic copolymer C consisting of c1) between 60 and 85 wt. % styrene or substituted styrenes C1 or mixtures thereof and c2) between 15 and 40 wt. % of at least one unsaturated nitrile C2; D) between 0.5 and 50 wt.

Abstract: A process is proposed for preparing (meth)acrolein and/or (meth)acrylic acid by partially oxidizing C3 and/or C4 precursor compounds in the gas phase in the presence of a heterogeneous particulate catalyst, in a reactor having two or more thermoplates (1) arranged vertically and parallel to each other while in each case leaving a gap (2), the heterogeneous particulate catalyst being installed in the gaps (2) and the gaseous reaction mixture being passed through the gaps (2), which comprises monitoring, controlling and/or regulating the process by selecting as a monitoring, control and/or regulation parameter one or more temperatures which are measured in one or more gaps (2), at one or more measurement points which are distributed over the height of each gap (2).

Abstract: The present invention relates to polyethers which are obtainable from 1-butene oxide and an alcohol using a double metal cyanide compound as a catalyst and have a content of unsaturated components of 6 mol % or more, to a process for preparing such a polyether and also to the use of a polyether according to the invention as a carrier oil or in a carrier oil formulation, in particular in additive packages for gasoline fuels, and furthermore also to carrier oil formulations and also to fuels comprising a polyether according to the invention.

Abstract: Polymers comprising repeating units of the formula I where the variables are defined as follows: a is an integer from 0 to 3, R1, R2, R3 are identical or different and are selected independently from among hydrogen, C1-C20-alkyl, C1-C20-alkyl containing one or more Si, N, P, O or S atoms, C6-C30-aryl, preferably C6-C14-aryl, C4-C14-heteroaryl, —N(C6-C14-aryl)2, and Y1, where Y1 may be identical or different and are selected from among —CH?CH2, trans- or cis-CH?CH—C6H5, acryloyl, methacryloyl, methylstyryl, O—CH?CH2 and glycidyl, where Y2 is selected from among —CH?CH2, trans- or cis-CH?CH—C6H5, acryloyl, methacryloyl, methylstyryl, —O—CH?CH2 and glycidyl, and one or more groups Y1 or Y2 may be crosslinked to one another.

Abstract: A cyclic compound of the general formula (I) where X-Y-Z is N?C—O, NH—C?N or N?C—NH and R1, R2 and R3 are each H or C1-6-alkyl and of the general formula (III) where X-Y-Z is N?C—O and R1, R2 and R3 are each H or C1-6-alkyl, may be used as complexing ligands.

Abstract: The invention relates to benzophenones of formula (I), in which the substituents have the following meanings: X represents halogen; R1 represents hydrogen, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, halo-C1-C2 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, oxyhalomethyl or nitro, and; R2 represents hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, benzyl, cyclohexylmethyl or C3-C6 alkenyl.

Abstract: Thermoplastic molding compositions comprising, as substantive components A) from 29% by weight to 99% by weight of at least one thermoplastic polymer, B) from 1 ppb to 5% by weight of at least one polyethyleneimine homo- or copolymer, C) from 0.05 to 2% by weight of at least one sterically hindered amine compound, and also D) from 0 to 70% by weight of other additives, where the percentages by weight of components A) to D) always give 100%.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound having anionic functional groups that is useful as a pigment dispersant in waterborne coating compositions, particularly in anodic electrocoat compositions. The compound comprises an acrylic backbone having a stabilizing substituent and a plurality of anionic groups. The anionic groups result from the incorporation of a plurality of acid groups into the acrylic backbone followed by reaction with organic amine.

Abstract: Catalysts containing passivated copper and zinc oxide and/or alumina are prepared by (1) precipitating a mixture of catalyst precursor components dissolved or suspended in a diluent with anion-containing precipitating agents, washing and drying to form a solid catalyst precursor in the form of powder or granules, (2) calcining the solid catalyst precursor obtained in stage (1) to an anion content from the precipitating agent of from 0.1 to 2.5% by weight and (3) shaping and, if required, reducing and passivating the calcined catalyst precursor from stage (2) in any desired order to form the catalyst.

Abstract: A process for preparing pesticides or pesticidal intermediates, particularly 5-amino-1 aryl-3-cyanopyrazoles, having the formula said process comprising reacting a compound having the formula with a cyanide salt.

Abstract: A method for the production of polyetherols using aluminum phosphonate catalysts is disclosed. Reaction products of the process include various polyetherols including very low unsaturation polyether polyols. The aluminum phosphonate catalyst preferably has a general structure of RPO-(OAlR?R?)2, wherein O represents oxygen, P represents pentavalent phosphorous, Al represents aluminum, R comprises a hydrogen, an alkyl group, or an aryl group, and R? and R? independently comprise a halide, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, or an aryloxy group. Polyols produced according to the disclosed procedure have properties very similar to or more beneficial than those produced utilizing the typical base catalysts.

Abstract: In a process for the preparation of isocyanates from carbamic esters, (i) a mixture containing a monofunctional or polyfunctional carbamic ester is passed continuously into a cleavage reactor or a cascade of two or more cleavage reactors, (ii) the carbamic ester is subjected to a thermal cleavage to give isocyanate and alcohol, (iii) the cleavage gas escaping from the cleavage reactor or reactors and containing the isocyanate, the alcohol, any uncleaved and/or partly cleaved carbamic ester and byproducts is brought into contact with a liquid coolant and condensing agent, cooled and at least partly condensed and (iv) the isocyanate and the alcohol are obtained from the cooled cleavage gas and the condensate in a rectification column, a part-stream of the alcohol obtained being used as liquid coolant and condensing agent for cooling and condensing the cleavage gas.

Abstract: Capacitors comprising an inert porous shaped body onto which a first electrically conductive layer, a second layer of barium titanate and a further electrically conductive layer have been applied.

Abstract: Coated catalysts which comprise at least one catalytically active metal on an inorganic or carbon support are prepared by mixing a solid, preferably vaporizable, precursor material of the at least one catalytically active metal with the inorganic support and heating the mixture obtained in this way with further mixing until no more separate solid precursor material is present, preferably to a temperature at which the precursor material vaporizes. Such coated catalysts may in particular be used in hydrogenations.

Abstract: Isolated nucleic acid molecules, designated MR nucleic acid molecules, which encode novel MR proteins from Corynebacterium glutamicum are described. The invention also provides antisense nucleic acid molecules, recombinant expression vectors containing MR nucleic acid molecules, and host cells into which the expression vectors have been introduced. The invention still further provides isolated MR proteins, mutated MR proteins, fusion proteins, antigenic peptides and methods for the improvement of production of a desired compound from C. glutamicum based on genetic engineering of MR genes in this organism.

Abstract: The present invention relates to alkyne compounds of the formula P1—Y1-A1-Y3-(T1-B1-)m-T3-C?C-T4-(B2-T2-)n-Y4-A2-Y2—P2??(I) in which P1, P2 are each, independently of one another, hydrogen, C1-C12-alkyl, a polymerizable group or a group suitable for polymerization or a radical which carries a polymerizable group or a group suitable for polymerization, Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4 are each, independently of one another, a linking unit, B1, B2 are each, independently of one another, —C?C— or a linking group as defined for Y1 to Y4, A1, A2 are each, independently of one another, a single chemical bond or a spacer having from one to 30 carbon atoms, T1, T2, T3, T4 are each, independently of one another, a divalent saturated or unsaturated carbocyclic or heterocyclic radical, and m, n are each, independently of one another, 0 or 1, with the proviso that at least one of the linking units Y3 or Y4 is a group —O—CO—O—, —O—CO—N(R)—, —(R)N—CO—O— or —(R)N—CO—N(R)—.

Abstract: A continuous process for isolating butenes from a C4 fraction comprising butanes, butenes and other C3-C5-hydrocarbons by extractive distillation using a selective solvent (LM), comprising a first process stage I in a scrubbing zone (E) and a second process stage II in a degassing zone (A), wherein the liquid or a substream of the liquid is taken off from the degassing zone (A) at a theoretical plate located one or more theoretical plates below the feed point for the bottom stream (LM/C4H8) from the scrubbing zone (E), heated and/or vaporized by indirect heat exchange with the hot bottom stream (LM) from the degassing zone (A) and returned to the degassing zone (A) at the same theoretical plate or above this, with the theoretical plate from which the liquid or substream of liquid is taken off being selected so that the total energy requirement in the process stages I and II is minimized, is proposed.