Abstract: A method of operating a gas turbine plant which, at the side of the turbine, has a high pressure section and a low pressure section, each of which has connected forwardly thereof a respective combustion chamber and wherein the combustion air is pre-heated. The combustion air, prior to entry into the high pressure-combustion chamber, is initially heated in a pre-heater and thereafter flushes the inner wall of the housing of the high pressure section and thus heats the same. The outlet temperature from the high pressure section is chosen such that it corresponds essentially to the inlet temperature at the housing of the high pressure section. Furthermore, the outlet temperature of the combustion air from the pre-heater is maintained constant, independent of load changes.

Abstract: A safety device for preventing overpressures in low pressure reservoirs receiving compressed gas through a feedline connected to a high pressure source is disclosed including a spherical stopcock in the feedline. A cylinder is provided in pressure communication with the low pressure reservoir with a spring-biased piston arranged within the cylinder. Connected to the piston and projecting from the cylinder is a toothed rack having teeth which intermesh with teeth of a rotatable, toothed segment connected to the stopcock. Motion of the piston, in response to pressure changes in the low pressure reservoir, causes the toothed rack to open or close the stopcock. A hole in the wall of the cylinder allows excess compressed air or gas to escape to the atmosphere in the event that the maximum allowable pressure within the low pressure reservoir is exceeded.

Abstract: A thrust bearing for a shaft is disclosed including a shaft thrust collar arranged in steps. The stepped construction features an inside bearing surface and an outside bearing surface axially offset from the inside bearing surface. In the bearing body for each bearing surface, spring supported bearing units are provided. Each bearing unit consists of a bearing segment, a knuckle washer, and a flexible supporting bridge connected with each other by a connecting pin. Separate oil delivery and discharge passages are also provided for each bearing surface.

Abstract: An electrical machine with an axial-flow fan and a two-part ventilator encasing is disclosed. One part of the ventilator encasing is non-moveable with respect to the fan blade of the axial-flow fan. The second encasing part is moveable with respect to the fan blade, and can be moved from a first position in which the moveable encasing part is adjacent to the fan blade to a second position axially displaced from the first position. The axial movement of the moveable encasing part facilitates maintenance and disassembly work on the machine which require a significant clearance between the fan blade and the encasing. The moveable encasing part is moveably mounted on a bearing bracket associated with the shaft of the rotor of the machine. The shaft of the rotor is used to coaxially position the moveable encasing part with respect to the axial-flow fan and the axial-flow fan blade.

Abstract: Apparatus for rotating a shaft of a turbine is disclosed. This apparatus includes a ratchet wheel which is connected to the shaft, and a pawl which engages the teeth of the ratchet wheel. The teeth of the ratchet wheel have bearing surfaces with convex curvatures, while the pawl has a contact surface which also has a convex curvature.

Abstract: A turning device preferably for turbine-machines is disclosed having a turning-gear pinion arranged on a cam so that the axes of rotation of the cam, the turning-gear pinion and the shaft to be turned are aligned in a central line. To turn the shaft, the turning-gear pinion is caused to engage a toothed ring of the shaft by a hydraulic piston acting on the cam. The turning-gear piston is then held in the engaged position by a spring-loaded pressure cylinder which engages a catch of the cam. When a certain speed has been reached, or when the shaft is turning backward, the spring loaded pressure cylinder becomes disengaged from the catch and the turning-gear pinion swings out sideways.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for suppressing vibration in turbine blading and the like is disclosed. A damping tube is inserted through an aperture in each of a plurality of turbine blades. By expanding the damping tube after it is inserted in the blades the tube is firmly secured to each blade. A wire may be inserted through the damping tube and is secured by crimping the expanded tube portions. The tube may be divided into circumferential segments with each tube being widened for example by means of a center punch at an end portion which extends through the final blade of each segment.

Abstract: A support device for a field winding of a field spider includes first and second support members which bear at least partially against free coil surfaces of adjacent field coils. The first and second support members mutually support one another against the field coils with various devices provided to urge the first and second support members apart. The support members may either be angled or flat with the flat support members crossing one another.

Abstract: To obtain uniform cooling of the wall (1) of a combustion chamber of a gas turbine, it is proposed to provide ridges (2) in the wall (1), with cooling-air nozzles (3) being inserted into the ridges. The cooling-air nozzles (3) thus do not project into the main gas stream and the cooling film can be guided in a rheologically favorable manner between the surface (11) which is to be cooled and the main gas stream.

Abstract: By switching-in a trip boundary, which excludes the load range in the complex impedance plane, of a directed or non-directed end or final stage of a measuring system of a distance protection apparatus, it is possible to eliminate faulty or spurious triggering of the protection apparatus, notwithstanding a possible improper excitation. The functional reliability of the protection apparatus is thus improved and there is possible monitoring of fault functions where, in each case, there is logically coupled a "yes" or "no"-type output response of the measuring system with a "no" or "yes"-type excitation output by means of appropriate and comparison logic circuitry.

Abstract: A heat exchanger preferably having spirally shaped cooling passages is described. The heat exchanger has the walls of the cooling passages formed first by two jaws spaced apart. The ends of the jaws are then joined together to form the fluid passage. The cooling passage is therefore integral with the base body.

Abstract: A balancing arrangement for rotating machinery has a pressure lock permitting access to the rotor without disturbing a pressurized rotor housing. The pressure lock is carried on a cover of the housing by threads which permit an inward movement of the pressure lock. A sealing cover which is provided on the pressure lock isolates the housing from the atmosphere when the rotor operates. A safety hood protects the pressure lock during operation of the machinery. Balancing of the rotor is accomplished by moving the lock against the rotor and removing the sealing cover, thereby permitting access to balancing weights in the rotor.

Abstract: A distance-selective short-circuit monitoring device with a low response time (FIG. 3, FIG. 5) results from sequence detection of first and second monitoring signals (US.sub.1, US.sub.2) which are selectively allotted to the zero cross-overs of detection signals (Ud.sub.1 -Ud.sub.4) which determine a polygonal triggering zone, the selective allocation being in accordance with the sign of the signal change rate, and by counting the alternations between first and second monitoring signals (US.sub.1, US.sub.2) within a predetermined monitoring interval (Tu), the duration of which corresponds at least approximately to a half-period of the mains frequency.

Abstract: A gas turbine is disclosed having at least one turbine stage with hot gas flowing axially through the one stage. At least one balance piston is provided on the shaft to equalize an axial thrust and is located adjacent to at least a first pressurized fluid chamber. The first pressurized fluid chamber is adjacent to a hot gas intake of the turbine stage and is separated from at least a second pressurized fluid chamber by a first transfer gasket co-acting with the balance piston. Pressurized fluid within the first fluid chamber has a pressure greater than the pressure of the hot gas in the vicinity of a hot gas intake. A cooling system is connected to the second fluid chamber for supplying a cooling fluid. A slot of the first transfer gasket is selected so that a pressure difference between the first and second fluid chambers at least partially brings the axial thrust into equalization through the balance piston.

Abstract: A density monitoring gauge is disclosed which modifies a Bourdon tube manometer by introducing a compensating element between the end of the Bourdon tube and the pointer actuating mechanism. The compensating element is designed to accommodate for changes in circumferential length of the Bourdon tube induced by temperature as well as to compensate for pressure changes in a closed system attributed directly to changes in gas temperature within that closed system. The compensating means may consist of a bimetallic member having an .OMEGA. configuration. Alternatively, the compensating means may include a pair of synthetic material rods connected by a thermally stable member such that linear thermal expansion of the rods is additively connected between the tube spring and the pointer actuating mechanism. The density measuring device is desirably used in connection with sulfur hexafluoride insulated electrical switching gear.