Abstract: A vacuum roll apparatus is disclosed for transferring a web supported on a dryer felt from a first to a second drying cylinder of a dryer section. The apparatus includes a rotatable perforate shell having a first and a second end, the shell defining a cavity which extends from the first to the second end of the shell. The arrangement is such that the dryer felt extends from the first dryer around the perforate shell to the second dryer with the web extending contiguously with the dryer felt, and the dryer felt being disposed between the shell and the web. At least one fin is rigidly secured to the shell and is disposed within the cavity such that when the shell is rotated, the fin generates a flow of air through the perforate shell towards the cavity for drawing the web into close conformity with the dryer felt during movement thereof around the vacuum roll apparatus so that the web is restrained against cross-machine directional shrinkage.

Abstract: An on-line coater apparatus is disclosed for coating a web of paper. The apparatus includes a dryer section having a plurality of single-tier dryer groups, each successive group drying an alternate side of the web, the web being restrained against cross-machine directional shrinkage during passage through the plurality of dryer groups. A further single-tier dryer group is disposed downstream relative to the plurality of groups such that the web extends in an open draw between the plurality of groups and the further group. A tail cutter is disposed adjacent to the open draw for cutting a tail from the web for subsequent threading through the further group. A calender is disposed downstream relative to the further group for calendering the dried web. A coater is disposed downstream relative to the calender for coating one side of the web, and a single-tier coating dryer group is disposed downstream relative to the coater for drying the coated one side of the web.

Abstract: In order to be able to manufacture large-caliber reels of high quality in a twin drum reel-up, the king rolls (11) and (12) have different diameters and are situated at different elevations. The main load of the reel is carried by the king roll (11), while the king roll (12) contacts the reel (13) with the smallest possible nip pressure which just suffices for transferring the torque difference required for generating the desired winding tension of the reel. The king roll (12) may be lowered as the diameter of the reel increases, namely depending on the fact if the winding shaft (13A) is displaced along a predetermined line of motion (14; 15), preferably a linear vertical or slightly tilted line of motion. An additional center drive which is made possible due to the aforementioned measures may additionally improve the winding result.

Abstract: A paper machine comprising a single tier drying section including at least two dryer groups is disclosed. In one group, the axes of rotation of at least two consecutive drying cylinders lie substantially in a plane, and the axes of rotation of the vacuum rolls are disposed below the plane of dryer cylinders. In the next group, the axes of rotation of at least two consecutive drying cylinders lie substantially in a further plane which is non-coplanar with the plane defined by the dryers of the first dryer group. The vacuum rolls of the second dryer group have their axes of rotation disposed above the further plane. The dryer transfer which transfers the web from one dryer group to the next one includes a joint run of the felts of the respective dryer sections and a vacuum roll at the downstream end of the joint run. The joint run receives the web between the felts when the web passes through the joint run.

Abstract: A winding machine for winding one or more traveling webs into a corresponding number of wound web rolls includes a backing roll for supporting the one or more traveling webs, a winding station for each traveling web, at least one such winding station disposed on each side of the backing roll, each winding station including a winding device for rotatably supporting a web roll as it is wound, and adhesive applicators mounted on a guide to travel longitudinally parallel with the axis of each roll being wound. The adhesive applicators are movable radially inwardly to a working position and outwardly to a stand-by position relative to the axis of rotation of the wound web roll so as to be retracted in the stand-by position when the last wrap of the web on the wound roll is made to attach the severed end of the web onto the finished wound web roll.

Abstract: A high temperature pressing roll has a cast or formed steel roll which is coated with a molybdenum-containing alloy. The preferred alloy has 14 to 16 percent molybdenum, 28 to 30 percent nickel, 30 to 34 percent chromium, 1.2 to 1.8 percent silicon, 4 to 4.5 percent boron, a maximum of 0.2 percent carbon and copper between 3 and 3.8 percent with the balance being iron. The roll is first coated with a bonding coating consisting of nickel and chromium. This bonding layer is then flame sprayed or plasma sprayed with a molybdenum alloy. The coating once applied is ground to a 30 RA or smoother surface. The molybdenum alloy is sprayed on to achieve a surface depth of approximately forty thousandths of an inch.

Abstract: An apparatus for fractionating suspensions includes a tubular strainer (1) rotatable about a horizontal axis, and a spray device (5,7) arranged to spray the suspension against the strainer. The strainer has at least two strainer sections (2) spaced from each other and disposed axially in series along the tubular strainer. The spray device has at least one row of spray nozzles (7) extending axially along the tubular strainer and adapted to spray the suspension onto the strainer from above the strainer.

Abstract: A guide vane is provided in a pin fluffer to assist in pulp mat retention during fluffing by providing a cyclic lift component to the mat as it passes over the vane thereby also further increasing retention time obtained in the fluffer.

Abstract: A single tier drying section is disclosed for drying a web. The drying section includes a dryer and a felt guided about the dryer such that the web is disposed between the dryer and the felt for drying a first side of the web. A further dryer is disposed downstream relative to the dryer and a further felt is guided about the further dryer such that the web is disposed between the further dryer and the further felt for drying a second side of the web. A dryer transfer mechanism is used for transferring the web from the dryer to the further dryer.

Abstract: A garbage separation apparatus utilizes a vibrating conveyor to form a thin layer of individual items in a stream of municipal waste. The individual items of municipal waste are then transferred to conveyor belts in spaced apart relation. The conveyor belt passes the items of municipal waste under an array of infrared lamps. Immediately after being illuminated by the infrared lamps, the items of municipal waste are imaged by an infrared video system. The infrared video camera produces a video image wherein specific colors refer to a specific range of temperatures. The output of this video camera is processed to separate mono-temperature images which are processed so as to drive the actuation of individual vacuum grippers out of an array of vacuum grippers placed over the conveyor belt transporting the items of municipal waste.

Abstract: An apparatus produces elongate multi-fiber particles of extremely small size to facilitate substantially complete penetration of high consistency pulp fibers by ozone when exposed thereto. A housing is provided having first and second ends and a substantially smooth interior housing surface. A means is provided for introducing high consistency wood pulp into the housing. A source of ozone gas bleaches the high consistency pulp within the housing. A pin rotor is rotatably mounted within the housing, and includes a plurality of pins, each pin having a pin tip. A means is provided means for limiting the build up of high consistency pulp fiber accretions on the pin tips.

Abstract: A clipped tail, which is the severed lead end of a paper web tail formed on a papermaking machine, is produced in the tail supported on a roll by combining the operation of a water jet, which projects a high pressure stream of water and is moved laterally to sever the tail transversely to its direction of travel, with the operation of a doctor having a blade, which moves with the water jet and which lifts and deflects the tail clip and following tail from the roll. An air stream is used to guide the tail downstream of the doctor blade. Both the water jet and doctors are mounted on a traversing apparatus to move transversely together across the traveling tail to automatically produce the tail clip and direct it to thread the downstream portion of the papermaking machine.

Abstract: A mechanism and method for the continuous winding of a web of paper into rolls including a shear type load cell for measuring the horizontal component of the reactive force on the winding drum with the output of the load cell being used to control the nip pressure between the winding drum and the roll being wound. Another load cell measures the tension of the incoming paper web, and this measurement is subtracted to give the net nip pressure. An initial reading is taken when the core on which the web is to be wound is lowered onto the load cell and an initial reading is taken to provide the index point of the weight of the core and reel, and when the core is being pivoted downwardly over the drum, the vertical and horizontal components with the total nip load are calculated to control the nip load. Thus, the nip load is carefully controlled at all positions to provide an improved drum winder obtaining controlled nip load and controlled density of the roll being wound.

Abstract: A coater head has a housing which defines a coating pond supplied with coating under pressure. A plurality of bars extend within the coating pond in the cross-machine direction, and are spaced parallel to one another in the machine direction. A paper web is engaged against a backing roll, and travels through the coating pond past a metering blade which applies coating from the pond to the web. The bars induce a turbulent flow which shears bubbles of air entrained in the coating pond, thereby reducing the bubble diameters and air-induced imperfections in the coating. Greater machine speed, which tends to entrain more air, induces greater shear at the bars which causes bubble size to be more greatly reduced.

Abstract: A screen aperture blinding prevention and liquid overflow prevention and level control apparatus for a knot drainer senses liquid level within the knot drainer and compares the sensed level to a setpoint level. Differences in the two levels generate control signals of appropriate magnitude and direction, and those control signals are transmitted to a valve whose degree of responsiveness and openness is adjusted to change the outflow rate of accepts liquor from the accepts chamber of the rejects separator. In addition, passive level control is provided in the discharge line for establishing accept flooded screen apertures regardless of variations of inflow and outflow rates during operation while active level control to create accept flow rate greater than, less than, or equal to inlet flow rate is provided by the combination of siphonic loop, barometric leg and control values for accepts outflow and for backwash nozzle flow.

Abstract: The paper dryer section has a single tier of all top felted dryer rolls seven to nine feet in diameter. Air caps are employed over the dryer rolls to simultaneously dry both sides of the web to prevent curl and to increase drying rates. The air caps employ blown air at a temperature of 200-1,000 degrees Fahrenheit and air speeds of 8,000-40,000 feet per minute. The felt employed is foraminous with a permeability of between 300-1,500 cubic feet per minute per square foot and is designed to withstand peak temperatures of up to 1,000 degrees Fahrenheit and average temperatures of between 500-600 degrees Fahrenheit. A single dryer roll, or more advantageously, two vacuum rolls in a vacuum box are disposed between the dryer rolls to maximize the circumferential wrap of the web and, at the same time, support and transport the web between dryers.

Abstract: A rigid metal housing is positioned downstream of a coating applicator. The housing supports a plurality of positionable contact elements formed of a low friction, high wear-resistant material, which extend inwardly from the housing to engage a slow speed rotating rod. At least one of the contact elements is adjustable to support the rod for stable rotation, and to retain an effective seal between the contact elements and the rod to thereby prevent leakage of clearing/lubricating fluid into the applied coating. The contact elements may be advanced inwardly as the elements and the rod wear, thereby extending the effective life of the rod holder apparatus. Screws may bear against a rear contact element through segmented backing plates allowing refinement of the coat weight along the width of the substrate. Furthermore, an air tube may be positioned between the housing and a rear fixture to adjust overall coating thickness.

Abstract: In a process for drying material in a drying system, a first current of heated gas is supplied to a first dryer from a corresponding first combustion chamber. Material to be dried is exposed to the first current in the first dryer. The dried material is separated from the first current of heated gas. The first current of heated gas is split into a first stream of heated gas and a second stream of heated gas after the dried material has been separated. The first stream is introduced into the first combustion chamber so that the gas generated in the first combustion chamber and the first stream are combined to constitute the first current of heated gas. At least a portion of the second stream is introduced into the second combustion chamber. A second current of heated gas is supplied to a second dryer from the second combustion chamber. The portion of the second stream introduced into the second combustion chamber constitutes a portion of the second current.

Abstract: A winder for winding a continuous traveling web into a wound web roll including a cylindrical winder drum for being in supporting and driving relationship to a roll wound from a continuous web, a covering layer on the drum having a compliant surface with an outer surface pattern providing a series of recesses and land areas which in some preferred forms are non-uniform in shape and non-uniform in spacing but may be circular or elliptical or other defined shape within a range of sizes, spacing and a range of surface land area contact with the web and roll for reducing noise and improving tension in high speed winders.

Abstract: A coating apparatus is disclosed for coating a web of paper. The apparatus includes a first and second roll having axes of rotation disposed parallel relative to each other such that the rolls define therebetween a first nip for the selective passage therethrough of the web. A backing roll has a peripheral surface which cooperates with the first roll for defining therebetween a second nip. A coater cooperates with the peripheral surface for applying coating material to the web when the web is guided by the surface and disposed between the surface and the coater. A further backing roll has a further peripheral surface which cooperates with the second roll for defining therebetween a third nip. A further coater cooperates with the further surface for applying coating material to the web when the web is guided by the further surface and disposed between the further surface and the further coater.