Abstract: Provided are a method for producing stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles by using a three-dimensional cell culture process, use of three-dimensional cell aggregates of stem cells in producing extracellular vesicles, a culture of three-dimensional cell aggregates of stem cells comprising a high concentration of extracellular vesicles, and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the culture.

Abstract: According to an embodiment of the disclosure, a method of creating an object with a conduit is disclosed. A material is deposited on a sacrificial collector; and, the sacrificial collector is then removed to create the object with the conduit. Both the object and the sacrificial collector can approximate the shape of desired blood vessel. The method can also include a 3-D printing of the desired shape of the mold and utilization of Gallium as the sacrificial collector. The sacrificial object is created by insertion of the gallium in the mold. After removal of the gallium from the mold, fibers are electrospun onto the gallium. The gallium is removed through melting—leaving a scaffold, the object with the conduit. In addition to the gallium, an extra sacrificial layer of a water-soluble material may be utilized.

Abstract: Cryogenic devices are provided in which solid carbon dioxide (dry ice) is used to maintain a temperature zone in which samples can be manipulated under conditions in which the sample is maintained at a temperature below ?50 C.

Abstract: Embodiments of this invention encompass a method for producing and purifying rebaudioside C. In particular, this invention relates to a method for purifying rebaudioside C compositions to obtain a substantially pure rebaudioside C product using one or more crystallization steps. Resulting polymorphic forms of rebaudioside C, substantially pure rebaudioside C compositions and their uses are disclosed.

Abstract: A method is provided for reducing weight in a subject by administering an effective amount of a composition comprising omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), at least one of L-arginine, L-ornithine, an L-arginine precursor and an L-ornithine precursor, and at least one of a nucleobase, a nucleoside and a nucleic acid. The method can also be used to treat obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes and/or hypertension and for improving diathesis, or treating adult disease or disposition to adult disease.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the use of rebaudioside C, or a stereoisomer thereof, for enhancing the sweet taste of carbohydrate sweeteners, such as sucrose and fructose. The present invention is also directed to consumables comprising a combination of a carbohydrate sweetener and rebaudioside C, or a stereoisomer thereof.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the use of rebaudioside C, or a stereoisomer thereof, for enhancing the sweet taste of carbohydrate sweeteners, such as sucrose and fructose. The present invention is also directed to consumables comprising a combination of a carbohydrate sweetener and rebaudioside C, or a stereoisomer thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process of preparing a highly pure tacrolimus, which comprising a pre-purification process carried out by means of crystallization, and particularly to a process of preparing a highly pure tacrolimus, which comprises a pre-purification process comprising the steps of (a) extracting mycelia cake collected by filtering a tacrolimus-containing oily compound with an organic solvent, (b) concentrating the extract under reduced pressure and (c) crystallizing the concentrate. In addition, a highly pure tacrolimus can be obtained by dissolving the pre-purified crystals in an organic solvent, passing through the solution in an adsorption resin and concentrating the eluate under reduced pressure, followed by crystallization. According to a process of the present invention, Tacrolimus as pure as appropriate for a pharmaceutical purpose can be prepared by a simple process and at a relatively low cost.

Abstract: Embodiments of this invention encompass a method for producing and purifying rebaudioside C. In particular, this invention relates to a method for purifying rebaudioside C compositions to obtain a substantially pure rebaudioside C product using one or more crystallization steps. Resulting polymorphic forms of rebaudioside C, substantially pure rebaudioside C compositions and their uses are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the use of rebaudioside A or rebaudioside D in combination with one or more compounds of Formula (I), or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein R2 is rhamnose, and R and R1 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, glucose, and beta-sophorose, for enhancing the sweet taste of carbohydrate sweeteners, such as sucrose and fructose. The present invention is also directed to consumables which include a combination of a carbohydrate sweetener, rebaudioside A or rebaudioside D, and one or more compounds of Formula (I), or a stereoisomer thereof.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods of enhancing insulin release, GLP-1 release, and insulin sensitivity, methods of increasing insulin gene expression, methods of decreasing gastric secretion and emptying and glucagons secretion, and methods of inhibiting food intake, and methods of treating diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance syndrome, hyperglycemia, and obesity comprising administering to a subject an effective amount of a TRPM5 inhibitor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process of preparing a highly pure tacrolimus, which comprising a pre-purification process carried out by means of crystallization, and particularly to a process of preparing a highly pure tacrolimus, which comprises a pre-purification process comprising the steps of (a) extracting mycelia cake collected by filtering a tacrolimus-containing oily compound with an organic solvent, (b) concentrating the extract under reduced pressure and (c) crystallizing the concentrate. In addition, a highly pure tacrolimus can be obtained by dissolving the pre-purified crystals in an organic solvent, passing through the solution in an adsorption resin and concentrating the eluate under reduced pressure, followed by crystallization. According to a process of the present invention, Tacrolimus as pure as appropriate for a pharmaceutical purpose can be prepared by a simple process and at a relatively low cost.

Abstract: There exists a need in the art for high throughput screening assays that can identify compounds that specifically modulate the activity of fast-acting ion channels, such as TRPM5. Current methods, especially electrophysiological, suffer from a lack of sensitivity, rapid signal loss, low throughput, and are labor intensive. The claimed methods and compositions provide electrophysiology methods that allow prolonged sample testing and fluorescent assays with an optical readout that gives rapid readout of the results, has a high signal to noise background ratio, are easy to use, can be modified for automation and miniaturization, and provide verification that a compound specifically modulates TRPM5.

Abstract: There exists a need in the art for high throughput screening assays that can identify compounds that specifically modulate the activity of fast-acting ion channels, such as TRPM5. Current methods suffer from a lack of sensitivity, low throughput, and are labor intensive. The claimed methods provide fluorescent assays with an optical readout that gives rapid readout of the results, has a high signal to noise background ratio, are easy to use, can be modified for automation and miniaturization, and provide verification that a compound specifically modulates TRPM5.

Abstract: The invention relates an assay useful for screening and identifying compounds as modulators of lower alkyl phenol activation of TRPA1. Thymol, a lower alkyl phenol anti-infective and the active ingredient in, e.g., mouthwashes, is stringent and has an objectionable burning taste sensation. Thymol activates the transient receptor potential like ion channel TRPA1. The assay described and claimed herein involves measurement of activation of TRPA1 and enables the screening of compounds that inhibit lower alkyl phenol, or thymol activation of TRPA1. Inhibitors of thymol activation of TRPA1 can be used to prevent the objectionable taste of thymol in medical uses where taste limits acceptance.

Abstract: A method is provided for reducing weight in a subject by administering an effective amount of a composition comprising omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), at least one of L-arginine, L-ornithine, an L-arginine precursor and an L-ornithine precursor, and at least one of a nucleobase, a nucleoside and a nucleic acid. The method can also be used to treat obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes and/or hypertension and for improving diathesis, or treating adult disease or disposition to adult disease.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the use of a compound of Formula I and physiologically acceptable salts thereof wherein G1, G2, G3, R1, R2, R7, R3, R4, and R5 are defined herein. Compounds according to Formula I can be used to enhance a sweet taste produced by a tastant. The invention is also directed to compositions comprising a compound according to the above formula. Other aspects of the invention provide methods, compounds, and compositions for improved food products wherein the food product comprises a compound according to Formula I and a reduced amount of a sweet tastant.

Abstract: There exists a need in the art for high throughput screening assays that can identify compounds that specifically modulate the activity of fast-acting ion channels, such as TRPM5. Current methods suffer from a lack of sensitivity, low throughput, and are labor intensive. The claimed methods provide fluorescent assays with an optical readout that gives rapid readout of the results, has a high signal to noise background ratio, are easy to use, can be modified for automation and miniaturization, and provide verification that a compound specifically modulates TRPM5.

Abstract: The invention relates an assay useful for screening and identifying compounds as modulators of lower alkyl phenol activation of TRPA1. Thymol, a lower alkyl phenol anti-infective and the active ingredient in, e.g., mouthwashes, is stringent and has an objectionable burning taste sensation. Thymol activates the transient receptor potential like ion channel TRPA1. The assay described and claimed herein involves measurement of activation of TRPA1 and enables the screening of compounds that inhibit lower alkyl phenol, or thymol activation of TRPA1. Inhibitors of thymol activation of TRPA1 can be used to prevent the objectionable taste of thymol in medical uses where taste limits acceptance.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the use of a compound of Formula I and physiologically acceptable salts thereof wherein G1, G2, G3, R1, R2, R7, R3, R4, and R5 are defined herein. Compounds according to Formula I can be used to enhance a sweet taste produced by a tastant. The invention is also directed to compositions comprising a compound according to the above formula. Other aspects of the invention provide methods, compounds, and compositions for improved food products wherein the food product comprises a compound according to Formula I and a reduced amount of a sweet tastant.