Abstract: A method of monitoring an OLED production process for making a production process OLED device, the production process OLED device having a layered structure comprising an anode layer and a cathode layer, said anode and cathode layers sandwiching a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer and at least one organic light emitting layer, the method comprising: fabricating at least one similar OLED device to said production process OLED device, wherein said at least one similar OLED device has a layered structure corresponding to said production process OLED device and a range of hole injection and/or transport layer thicknesses; characterising a spectral variation of a light output of said at least one similar OLED device with respect to variation in said hole injection and/or transport layer thickness; partially fabricating a said production process OLED device using said production process, wherein said partial fabrication comprises depositing one or more layers comprising at least said hole injection and/o

Abstract: A method of driving an electro-optic display comprising providing a current source, digitally modulating the current source and generating a modulated digital signal, and converting the modulated digital signal into an effective analog drive signal so that the display pixels receive an effective analog drive current, wherein the internal capacitance of the electro-optic display smooths the digitally modulated signal and generates the effective analog drive signal.

Abstract: An OLED lighting element comprises a substrate bearing an OLED structure extending laterally over said substrate and sandwiched between first and second electrode layers. The first electrode layer defines a plurality of electrically conductive tracks and said second electrode layer comprises a substantially continuous electrically conducting layer. The OLED lighting element has an electrical bus-bar connected to said electrically conductive tracks extending substantially completely along the or each lateral edge of said lighting element. The electrically conductive tracks run in a radial direction from a laterally central location within said lighting element towards said bus-bar along said lateral edges of said lighting element. A said track subdivides into a plurality of tracks with increasing distance from said central location. This arrangement makes more efficient use of the conductive tracks.

Abstract: A polymer comprising a first repeat unit comprising ArhX2 wherein ArhX2 comprises a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group and each X is the same or different and independently comprises a substituted or unsubstituted aryl or heteroaryl group and a second repeat unit that is adjacent to the first repeat unit wherein each X that is part of a main body of the polymer backbone is directly conjugated to the second repeat unit.

Abstract: A monomer of formula (III): wherein X is a polymerisable group Ar, Ar1 and Ar2 each independently represent an optionally substituted aryl or heteroaryl group; R1 represents H or a substituent; and Z represents a direct bond or a divalent linking atom or group, wherein Ar1 and Ar2 are linked by a single bond or a divalent linking group selected from CR1R2, SiR1R2, PR1, NR1, O and S wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from hydrogen; optionally substituted alkyl wherein one or more non-adjacent C atoms may be replaced with O, S, N, C?O and —COO—; alkoxy, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl and heteroarylalkyl. Ar1 and Ar2 are preferably linked by an oxygen atom, and Ar1 and/or Ar2 may be fused to their respective adjacent Ar groups. Ar1 and its adjacent Ar group and/or Ar2 and its adjacent Ar group are optionally fused to form a fluorene unit.

Abstract: A method for forming a polymer comprising the polymerization of a plurality of monomers, wherein at least one of the plurality of monomers is one or both of: a charge transporting unit and a hydrocarbon monomer in which at least one carbon atom has been substituted by an atom or group with a greater quantity of unshared valence electrons than the carbon atom it has been substituted for, and wherein at least one of the plurality of monomers comprises an end-capping compound at one end of said monomer, the end-capping compound preventing polymerization at the end, wherein the end-capping compound is not charge transporting and comprises at least two rings. The end capping compound preferably consists of or includes a structural unit having the formula: (Ar)n—X, wherein Ar in each occurrence independently represents an aryl or heteroaryl group; X represents a leaving group comprising a boron derivative group or halogen; and n is 2 or more.

Abstract: A non-carcinogenic process for the activation of zinc metal in a medium polarity solvent, wherein said zinc metal is activated by the reaction thereof with a halogen and a lithium compound selected from lithium halides and lithium pseudohalides, the use of said activated zinc metal for the preparation of an organozinc halide of formula R—ZnX, and a process for the preparation of compounds obtainable by the reaction of said organozinc halide of formula R—ZnX with compounds having functionality enabling them to react with said organozinc halide.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting device comprising an anode; a cathode; a first light-emitting layer between the anode and the cathode; and a second light-emitting layer between the first light-emitting layer and the cathode, wherein: the first light-emitting layer comprises a hole-transporting material and a first phosphorescent material, the second light-emitting layer comprises a second phosphorescent material; and the lowest triplet excited state energy level of the hole-transporting material is: (a) lower than the lowest triplet excited state of the second phosphorescent material, and (b) the same as or higher than the lowest triplet excited state energy level of the first phosphorescent material.

Abstract: A printing method for use in fabrication of an electronic unit comprising one or more lines of a regularly repeating structural feature formed over a substrate, the structural feature repeating over a regular interval along each line. The method comprises: using a first print-head arrangement to print portions of a composition at a first pitch along each of the lines; and using a second print-head arrangement to print portions of the composition at a second pitch along each of the lines; such that the first and second pitches together produce a beating pattern along each of the lines, having a beating wavelength matched to the interval of the regularly repeating structural feature.

Abstract: An organic thin film transistor comprises source and drain electrodes defining a channel between them; a surface-modification layer on at least part of the surface of each of the source and drain electrodes; an organic semiconductor layer extending across the channel and in contact with the surface-modification layers; a gate electrode; and a gate dielectric between the organic semiconductor layer and the gate dielectric. The surface-modification layers consist essentially of a partially fluorinated fullerene.

Abstract: Method for producing a semiconductor device such as an organic thin film transistor, and a device produced by the method, the method including the steps of forming conducting electrodes over a substrate, treating a surface of the electrodes with an arene substituted with an electron-withdrawing group to form an electrode contact layer over the electrodes, and forming an organic semiconductor layer over the substrate and electrodes, in which the substrate and electrodes are baked before the organic semiconductor layer is formed so as to reduce contaminants on the electrode contact layer and thereby promote improved crystal nucleation on a surface of the electrode.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting device comprising an anode; a hole transport layer; a light-emitting layer; and a cathode, characterized in that the hole transport layer comprises a polymer having a repeat unit comprising a 9,9 biphenyl fluorene unit wherein the 9-phenyl rings are independently and optionally substituted and the fluorene unit is optionally fused.

Abstract: An apparatus such as a touch screen display includes correlated emitter-detector pairs for determining the amount of electromagnetic radiation received at a detector from its paired emitter. The apparatus comprises an array of emitters operable to emit electromagnetic radiation, an array of detectors for detecting the electromagnetic radiation, and drive control circuitry configured to control the array of emitters so that they emit pulses of electromagnetic radiation. The amplitude of the pulses is modulated using mutually orthogonal binary vectors such as a Paley construction of the Hadamard matrix. Each emitter has a different vector associated with it. Detection circuitry is provided to detect the electromagnetic radiation reaching each particular detector in the array of detectors using the mutually orthogonal binary vector associated with the correlated emitter to produce a correlation between particular emitter-detector pairs. The arrangement can discriminate between near field and touching objects.

Abstract: A metal complex is provided represented by Formula (1): wherein M represents a prescribed metal atom; RP1, RP2, RP3, RP4, RP5, and RP6 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a prescribed group, wherein RP1 and RP2 may be bonded together to form a ring structure, RP2 and RP3 may be bonded together to form a ring structure, and RP3 and RP4 may be bonded together to form a ring structure, provided that at least one of RP1, RP2, RP3, and RP4 is a dendron and at least one of RP5 and RP6 is an aryl group or a monovalent heterocyclic group; m is an integer of 1 to 3 and n is an integer of 0 to 2, wherein m+n is 2 or 3; and a moiety represented by Formula (2) represents a bidentate ligand: wherein Rx and Ry each independently represent a prescribed atom.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods, apparatus, and computer program code for driving an active matrix display, in particular an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display, with reduced power consumption.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting device comprises an anode, a cathode and a light-emitting layer between the anode and the cathode. The light-emitting layer comprises a compound of formula (I): wherein Ar1, Ar2, Ar3, Ar6 and Ar7 in each occurrence independently represent an unsubstituted or substituted aryl or heteroaryl group; X independently in each occurrence represents S or O; R independently in each occurrence represents H or a substituent; p is 0 or 1; q is 0 or 1; f is 1, 2 or 3; g is 1, 2 or 3; and adjacent groups Ar3 or adjacent groups Ar2 may be linked by a divalent group to form a ring. This compound can provide a bluer emitter that can be blended into current host formulations (deep blue, CIEy<0.08) suitable for solution processing.

Abstract: A method of forming an organic electronic device comprising the steps of: forming a surface modification layer comprising a partially fluorinated fullerene on at least part of a surface of at least one electrode of the device by depositing a solution comprising the partially fluorinated fullerene and at least one solvent onto the electrode surface; and forming an organic semiconductor layer comprising at least one organic semiconductor on the surface modification layer. The partially fluorinated fullerene is a partially fluorinated Buckminster fullerene, optionally a partially fluorinated C60.

Abstract: A switchable electronic device comprises a hole blocking layer and a layer comprising a conductive material between first and second electrodes, wherein the conductivity of the device may be irreversibly switched upon application of a current having a current density of less than or equal to 100 A cm?2 to a conductivity at least 100 times lower than the conductivity of the device before switching. The conductive material is a doped organic material such as doped optionally substituted poly(ethylene dioxythiophene).

Abstract: A semiconducting compound comprising the structure: where R1 to R4 independently comprise, but are not limited to, optionally substituted straight, branched or cyclic alkyl chains having 2 to 20 (e.g. 2 to 12) carbon atoms, alkoxy, amino, amido, silyl, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or hetero aryl; where X1 and X2 independently comprise S, O, NR5 or SiR6R7 where R8 to R7 independently comprise C1 to C5 branched, straight or cyclic alkyl chains; and where Ar1 comprises a heterocyclic ring, and where n is an integer between 1 and 4.

Abstract: A polymer comprising units ?, ?, ? and ? wherein: unit ? is present at 30 mole % to 60 mole % and is an optionally substituted arylene; unit ? is present at 1 mole % to 30 mole % and is a unit comprising an optionally substituted fluorene; unit ? is present at 1 mole % to 40 mole % and comprises aryl substituted nitrogen, or an optionally substituted triazine; unit ? is present at 0.5 mole % to 15 mole % and comprises an iridium complex; and optionally up to 20 mole % of other units if the total of ?, ?, ? and ? is less than 100 mole %.