Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the flow rate and/or viscous characteristics of a fluid comprises a casing, having a fluid passage which is elongated in cross-section with two parallel, opposed sides and has a flared entry portion leading to a portion of constant cross-section. Formulae are given, using substantially pure water as a standard, from which a suitable geometry for the flared entry portion can be deduced. Fluid pressure detectors are provided for detecting a fluid pressure differential in the fluid passage such that the fluid characteristic to be measured may be deduced from the pressure differential when laminar flow is maintained in the passage. When laminar flow is maintained the apparatus is capable of measuring a wide range of flow rates and/or viscosities of an extensive variety of fluids in a consistent and deducible manner with minimal pressure loss.

Abstract: A novel electrolytic cell is described for carrying out electrochemical reactions in which a gas and a liquid electrolyte flow co-currently through a fluid permeable conductive mass which acts as an electrode. The cell has an anode and cathode in spaced apart relationship, with one electrode being in the form of a fluid permeable conductive mass e.g. a porous matrix or a packed bed of graphite particles, separated from the counter electrode by a barrier wall. This barrier wall can be either anion specific membrane dividing the cell into separate cathode and anode chambers or a porous insulating wall permitting flow of electrolyte between the cathode and anode. A liquid electrolyte and a gas are passed co-currently through the electrode bed perpendicular to the current flow and the reaction product is generated in the solution within the electrode bed.

Abstract: A reagent and test for the identification of the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Lipopolysaccharide antigen, found to be common to N. gonorrhoeae strains, is used to inoculate fowl, and serum from the fowl recovered containing antibodies causing agglutination of cells of all N. gonorrhoeae strains. The identification test comprises adding the recovered antibody reagent to a suspension of bacterial cells, the occurrence of cell agglutination being a positive test for N. gonorrhoeae.

Abstract: The ultrasonic air data system determines the relative velocity of an aircraft with respect to the medium in one, two or three directions. In addition, it may determine the speed of sound and the approximate temperature. In the one direction system, a first ultrasonic transducer transmits a pulse to a second transducer where it is detected and reflected back to the first transducer and again reflected to the second transducer. The pulse transmit times for each direction are determined, and the relative velocity, the speed of sound and the approximate temperature are provided as a function of the transit time. In the two or three direction systems, three or four transducers are positioned in a two or three dimensional configuration. In the first half cycle, the first transducer transmits a pulse to the second where it is reflected to the third or last transducer in a two-dimension system and then to the last transducer in a three-dimension system.

Abstract: A highly cross linkable methylolated kraft lignin resin for use as a high wet strength adhesive and the like, in which premethylolated kraft lignin of kraft or soda black liquor is combined with a phenolic cross linking agent, which is optionally methylolated, at a pH in the range of pH 4 to pH 7. The lignin is methylolated under alkaline conditions and then may either be acidified to provide an aqueous dispersion or dissolved in a fugitive base such as ammonium hydroxide so as to be brought into close association with the mutually soluble phenolic cross linking agent. The resin is cross linked by conventional heat curing techniques.

Abstract: Molding compounds in various forms for molding into high performance composites, are prepared from reinforcing mica platelets, preferably of high aspect ratio, and thermosetting unsaturated polyester resins. The unsaturated polyester solid and a solid vinylic monomer are blended, finely divided (e.g. to about -200 mesh), and the platelets are uniformly coated with these fine particles by dry blending. A compaction with partial coalescence of the fine resin particles in situ is carried out to densify and aggregate the coated platelets and shape the mixture. The resulting molding powders, bulk or sheet molding compounds are readily molded into the high performance composites, the platelets being substantially protected from degradation by the distributed resin.

Abstract: An aqueous coating composition giving a pressure-sensitive coating when applied to a substrate and method of preparation thereof. The composition is in the form of an aqueous gel consisting of fatty acid soap particles and a selected non-waxy binder. The soap-forming cations are selected from sodium, potassium, and ammonium and the non-waxy binder is of the type of, vinyl acetate polymers and copolymers, acrylic polymers and copolymers, and mixtures thereof. The coating is deposited in the form of transparent, crystalline particles.

Abstract: A device for discharging a constant volume of fluid which is relatively simple in construction and requires little space. The device comprises a cylindrical chamber with a tangential inlet to induce vortical fluid motion. Within the chamber is a ball having a specific gravity different from that of fluid and adapted to block an outlet which is disposed at the vertex of a cone-like surface disposed at one end of the chamber. When displaced from the outlet by a suitable mechanism, a combination of fluid and gravitational forces cause the ball to follow a spiral path and return to block the outlet, having discharged a certain amount of fluid. Two embodiments are described utilizing a ball having a specific gravity greater than, and less than, that of the fluid.

Abstract: Dehydrated potato granules are prepared by subjecting potato pieces to cooking, mashing, freezing, thawing, predrying to a moisture content of 35 to 45 percent, granulating and finally drying the product to a moisture content of not more than about 7%.

Abstract: A CW Brillouin ring laser utilizing a low loss optical fiber and a pair of partially reflective mirrors positioned to form a ring optical path with the fiber ends, produces a Brillouin shifted Stokes beam when a pump beam is directed into one end of the optical fiber. The Brillouin beam propagates around the ring in a direction opposite to the pump beam. The pump beam is coupled into the ring through one of the partially reflective mirrors and the laser output is the portion of the Brillouin beam passing through the other partially reflective mirror. In the Brillouin laser system, a second pump beam may be directed into the other end of the fiber to produce a second Brillouin beam propagating in a direction opposite to the first Brillouin beam, providing a laser with two distinct Brillouin beam outputs.

Abstract: Non-volatile antioxidants are prepared from dialkylphenols and selected vinylic monomers which polymerize cationically with acidic Lewis acid or Friedel-Crafts catalyst systems and attach to the phenolic ring. Operative phenolic antioxidants include 2,6-dialkylphenols particularly 2,6-ditertiarybutyl and 2,6-diisopropylphenol. Suitable vinylic monomers include isobutene and styrene. With 2,6-dialkylphenols the polymer chains attach to the 4-position of the phenol. The molecular weight of the chain or tail is controlled to be within about 1000 to 5000 preferably about 2000-3500, for a balance of anti-oxidant activity and immobility in the matrix polymer.

Abstract: An attractant for male moths of the darksided cutworm Euxoa messoria (Harris) comprises(1) Z-11-hexadecen-1-yl acetate, and(2) Z-7 compound selected from Z-7-hexadecen-1-yl acetate and Z-7, Z-11-hexadecadien-1-yl acetateIn ratios (1)/(2) within about 4:1 to 40:1. The mixture may also include the E isomers, E-11-hexadecen-1-yl acetate and E-7-hexadecen-1-yl acetate, in amounts up to about 20% of the total mixture.

Abstract: This bubble domain sensor is capable of sensing the presence or absence of a bubble at a predetermined location within bubble supporting material regardless of whether the bubble is stationary or moving through that location. A magnetostrictive material layer, such as a thin film having an area approximately equal to the area of a bubble domain, is positioned with respect to the bubble material such that it is magnetically influenced by the closure field of a bubble at the predetermined location. A conductor, such as a strip conductor, is positioned in contact with the magnetostrictive material. A sonic device launches sonic wave pulses which pass in the vicinity of the magnetostrictive material layer. The sonic wave pulse stresses the magnetostrictive material, and when the magnetostrictive material is magnetically influenced by a bubble, the stress changes or rotates its magnetization thereby inducing an electric signal in the conductor.

Abstract: Flotation of a variety of non-sulphide and mixed sulphide plus non-sulphide copper ores is disclosed. Stabilization of non-sulphide copper mineral surfaces by sulphidization is initially required and a selective complexing agent able to complex with the copper sulphide surface is then added as conditioner. Diphenylguanidine proved to be a highly selective and fast acting surface conditioner which converted both sulphide and sulphidized copper minerals to an oleophilic condition. Addition of relatively small amounts of emulsified, non-polar oil completed the selective conversion of copper minerals to strongly hydrophobic and floatable condition. Favorable results have been obtained on a series of ores ranging from low grade malachite-chal-copyrite ores to high grade cuprite-malachite-chalcocite and brochantite ores.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical compounds of the general formula ##STR1## and non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lower alkyl having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, lower alkoxy having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and hydroxy lower alkyl having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and if R.sub.1 or R.sub.2 is other than hydrogen, the other substituent is hydrogen; and R.sub.3 is a member selected from the group consisting of pyridyl, phenyl, lower alkyl substituted pyridyl, lower alkoxy substituted pyridyl, lower alkyl substituted phenyl and lower alkoxy substituted phenyl, the lower alkyl and alkoxy substituents having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. These compounds exhibit an analgesic, hyperglycemic or anti-inflammatory activity.

Abstract: A low frequency radio position location system for aircraft or other vehicles for operating in conjunction with ground stations transmitting at a first VLF radio frequency which is shifted in frequency by a small amount to a second frequency at fixed intervals with the shifting being carried out coherently with a defined transition point at the frequency signal is made up of an RF receiver and amplifier, a phase-locked loop for providing a continuous output frequency signal precisely locked to the first frequency, a detector for deriving a signal at the modulation frequency, a phase comparator for comparing the phase relationship of the derived modulation frequency signal to the phase relationship of the output frequency signal and the second frequency signal. The derived modulation frequency signal and its phase information is then available for providing distance and position information in relation to the ground stations.

Abstract: The basic module of a microwave Travelling-Wave Hybrid Junction amplifier (TWHJ) consists of a hybrid junction (0.degree., 180.degree. or 90.degree. hybrid) combined with an appropriate phase-shifting element (.pi./2 element is needed for 0.degree. and 180.degree. hybrids and no element is needed for a 90.degree. hybrid) and three negative conductance circuits terminating three ports of the modified hybrid while the fourth port serves as an input-output port. Because of proper stabilization and matching, the negative conductance circuits are not oscillating but are acting as reflection type amplifiers. Any RF energy applied to the input port of the hybrid is multiply reflected while travelling through the hybrid giving rise to amplified RF energy emerging from the input port of the hybrid junction.

Abstract: Apparatus for detecting and measuring fluorescence emission comprising a fluorometer probe including a light emitting means for illuminating the object under study, a red cut-off filter, a light sensitive detector for obtaining the fluorscence signal from the object, and a preamplifier connected to the phototransistor for amplifying the said signal to a first level, and power and control unit including electronic indicating means. In the preferred embodiment the sensor and emitter are a light emitting diode (LED) and a phototransistor arranged in piggy-back relation with the LED having an epoxy body acting as a fluorescence light guide from the object to the phototransistor.

Abstract: A wood preservative composition having deep penetration capability, leaving a clean surface and imparting high retention of active preservative within the wood, which consists primarily of (a) an organic wood preservative agent, (b) a hydrophobic agent, and (c) small amounts of an amorphous vinylic-type polymer, in a penetrating organic solvent. The preservative may be pentachlorophenol, an oxathiin compound or other preservative preferably of low mammalian toxicity. The hydrophobic agent may be fatty acids and their esters, fatty alcohols and paraffin waxes. The amorphous polymer may be a polystyrene, a polymethylmethacrylate, a polyvinylformal, an atactic polypropylene or other such amorphous polymer. The penetrating solvent may be most suitably chloroform, methylene chloride, trichloroethylene or liquefied petroleum gas, although others may be used. Solutions suitable for deep penetration pressure treatment are preferred.

Abstract: An extender (and filler) for wood adhesives is provided from tree foliage powder or mulch. Suitable tree foliage includes that of conifers and other evergreens, and of deciduous trees. Test results have shown equivalent or better performance for the foliage powder compared to the normally used wheat flour, in bonding plywood or particleboard.