Abstract: A roller-shaped contact charging member which is in contact with and electrically charges a photosensitive drum is provided on a center shaft, and includes a roller-shaped conductive foam material portion covering the shaft, and a tubular-shaped conductive resin material portion covering the foam portion. The foam portion has an electric resistance of 9.times.10.sup.5 .OMEGA. or less, the resin portion includes conductive agents and has a surface electric resistance in a range from 1.times.10.sup.5 .OMEGA./.quadrature. or more to 9.times.10.sup.7 .OMEGA./.quadrature. or less, and a hardness of the charging roller as a whole is Asker F 90.degree. or less. An image forming unit includes the charging member and the drum. An electrophotographic image forming apparatus supplies a recording paper to the unit, transfers an image from the drum to the paper, and discharges the image-transferred paper.

Abstract: This invention relates to a radio communication terminal having a detachable memory for storing private information and, more particularly, to a terminal designed to manage the private information stored in a memory in the terminal by using a detachable memory. The identification number of the detachable memory mounted in the radio communication terminal in the previous operation is stored in the terminal. In using the radio communication terminal the next time, if the identification number of the detachable memory mounted in the terminal does not coincide with the previous identification number, the private information stored in the memory in the terminal is cleared. In addition, the identification number of a permitted detachable memory is stored in the memory in the terminal to inhibit the use of a memory having an identification number other than the above identification number.

Abstract: A portion of a transparent substrate corresponding to a defective pixel of a liquid crystal panel is protruded like a dome to a suction hole by decompressing the interior of a vacuum suction head. As a result, the gap between the transparent substrates of the portion corresponding to the defective pixel of the liquid crystal panel becomes greater than that in a surrounding portion. In this state, a laser beam is radiated to the dome-like deformed portion of the transparent substrate in the portion corresponding to the defective pixel, so that a bubble is generated in a liquid crystal layer. The bubble expands in a region shaped like a circle centered at the point where the gap between the transparent substrates is the greatest, on a cross section parallel to the transparent substrates. Thus, the size of the bubble and the range where a substance is scattered are limited, thereby accurately correcting the defective pixel and improving the display quality after the correction.

Abstract: A radio communication system includes a base station and a plurality of terminals including a new terminal. The system enables deletion of registration data relating to the new terminal when an end of communication between the new terminal and another terminal is detected or when one of the terminals is placed in a charger base. A new terminal is installed in the radio communication system by transmitting a system code of the base station from a terminal which has already been registered to the new terminal. In addition, communication between terminals is accomplished without sending a request signal to the base station.

Abstract: A controller stores image signals Sp represented as binary values for every unit of frame. The controller divides one frame into a plurality of sub-frames representing an image by image data of two gradation levels, in accordance with respective figures of the stored image signals Sp for one frame. The image data of two gradation levels for each of the sub-frames is written into capacitors Cp from a drain driver, for every row. When the image data is "1", a drive transistor is turned on. A common driver applies a voltage of a predetermined level for every sub-frame, to control the voltage applied between electrodes of an organic EL element. As a result, the organic EL element emit light with brightness which differs between sub-frames. Images of the sub-frames are visually synthesized, so that gradation is expressed in one frame.

Abstract: When data (for example, an electronic mail) is input to a semi-fixed terminal connected to a network, the terminal creates a transmission message on the basis of information on the position of a corresponding mobile terminal stored in the semi-fixed terminal and sends this message to the network, which sends data at once to the mobile terminal through a predetermined gateway station and base station on the basis of the information on the position of the message.

Abstract: An encrypted part of the encrypted program loaded in an memory device is received by a one-chip microcomputer and decrypted according to a decrypting program which is stored in advance in an ROM and which cannot be read out to an external bus. The decrypted program is stored in an cache memory, and a cache function inhibition flag is set in a control register in accordance with a storage area of the decrypted program in the cache memory. Therefore, the decrypted program is inhibited from being read out to the external bus. The decrypted program is combined with the non-encrypted part of the program stored in the memory device, and the combined program is executed by a CPU. The encrypted program is prevented from being illegally copied.

Abstract: A communication system is designed to exchange messages between a plurality of paging receivers each having a transmission section. One of the paging receivers transmits a question message and a plurality of answer contents to the question message to a paging receiver group constituted by the remaining paging receivers. When answer messages are returned from the paging receiver group which has received the question message and the answer contents, the paging receiver totalizes the answer messages, and displays them on a liquid crystal display panel, together with the question message.

Abstract: An image information processing apparatus is described that suppresses noise generated in digital signal processing while preventing the circuit scale from enlarging. The apparatus includes a separator, a first detector, a second detector, a phase-locked loop, an A/D converter, a phase difference detector, a chrominance data processor and a luminance data processor. The phase difference detector detects a phase difference between the reference clock signal and the scan sync signal. The luminance data processor combines the luminance data in Units of two pieces to produce compensated luminance data in accordance with the phase difference.

Abstract: A portable communication system includes a first metal housing for containing a high frequency circuit unit such as a transmitting circuit and a receiving circuit, a second metal housing for containing a low frequency circuit unit such as a control circuit, and also an antenna mounted on the first metal housing. An antenna apparatus for this portable communication system is arranged by the above-explained antenna, first and second metal housings, and also a control element for controlling distribution of high frequency currents flowing through the first and second metal housings. An antenna radiation pattern of this antenna apparatus can be optimized by controlling an impedance of the control element.

Abstract: A cold-cathode discharge display device which includes a fluorescent tube and electrodes containing R.sub.2 O.sub.3-z, where R is an atom or an atom group of rare earth elements, O is oxygen, and z is 0.0 to 1.0, to perform field emission of electrons and emission of secondary electrons. The electrodes are generated with an electron emitting film containing rare earth elements.

Abstract: A buffer serves as a sub-memory with respect to a hard disk and performs a data recording/reproducing operation. With this arrangement, even if the access rate of data in the hard disk is not so high, data transfer between the hard disk and an audio I/O, a MIDI I/O, and image I/O can be performed, and audio, MIDI, and video data can be simultaneously and selectively recorded/reproduced.

Abstract: A selective call receiving apparatus for receiving FM multiplexed broadcasting signals which is designed to suppress consumed power by efficiently using a battery as a power supply. This apparatus has a reception circuit, an FM multiplex decoder, a subframe counter and a CPU. The reception circuit receives frames having plural pieces of subframes including ID data for a local terminal. The FM multiplex decoder detects a sync signal in each received subframe. The subframe counter counts the number of subframes in accordance with the detected sync signal.

Abstract: A device for the creating and displaying an object image. A plurality of object images is created on the basis of a combination of part patterns on the respective parts of an object. A different object image related to the respective object images is synthesized from the plurality of created object images and displayed. An object image is created and displayed automatically which has a different shape imagined when the weight, height and intake calory of the created object image is increased/decreased. When a front object image is created, parts patterns for an object image on a different view corresponding to the front object image are designated and combined to create an object image on a different view.

Abstract: An alarm clock includes a time indicator, a first alarm for sounding a first alarm at a preset time, a manual rotary bezel provided rotatable relative to the time indicator outside same for setting a time elapsing from the alarm time, and a second alarm for sounding a second alarm when the time set by the rotary bezel has elapsed since the preset time. After the first alarm is sounded at the alarm time, and after the time set by the rotary bezel has elapsed, the second alarm is sounded. The time interval after which the second alarm is sounded is set by a simple operation and two-staged sounding ensures proper awakening of the sleeper.

Abstract: A detecting device includes a device body having a containing chamber formed therein, a plurality of electrode members which are provided in the containing chamber in parallel to one another, a conductive movable body which is movably arranged in a space surrounded by the plurality of electrode members, and a magnet which generates a magnetic holding force for holding the conductive movable body. When an external force is applied to the device body, the conductive movable body is moved against the magnetic holding force of the magnet and is brought into electrical contact with at least two of the plurality of electrode members, thereby causing a detection signal corresponding to the electrical contact to be output.

Abstract: A pager comprises a receiving section for receiving message data, an LCD for displaying the message based on the message data, and a memory for storing the format No. contained in the format code specifying the display format of the message and the actually displayed display format in such a manner that they correspond to each other. When a format code is sensed from the received message data, a display format is read from the memory according to the format No. contained in the format code and develops the subsequence display data on the display format, thereby displaying it on the LCD.

Abstract: A receiver includes a first case to which an integrated circuit controlling component of the receiver is mounted, and a second case pivotally mounted to the first case and having an antenna mounted thereto. The integrated circuit and the antenna are thus mounted in different cases so as to be separated from each other, and the receiver receives a radio wave with less noise from the integrated circuit. An LCD is mounted to one of the cases such that the LCD is interposed between the antenna and integrated circuit, to substantially shield the antenna from the integrated circuit, when the cases are closed together.

Abstract: In a TFT liquid crystal display device using a DHF liquid crystal, the DHF liquid crystal is alienable to a first alignment state in which liquid crystal molecules are substantially aligned to a first direction, to a second alignment state in which the liquid crystal molecules are substantially aligned to a second direction and to an arbitrary intermediate alignment state between the first and second alignment states, in accordance with a voltage applied between the pixel electrodes and the opposing electrode. One of a pair of polarization plates has an optical axis set in substantially an intermediate direction between the first and second directions. The optical axis of the other polarization plate is set perpendicular to the optical axis of the former polarization plate. A pulse having a voltage whose absolute value corresponds to a display gradation and whose polarity changes frame by frame is applied to the DHF liquid crystal for each pixel in the selection period of that pixel.