Abstract: Pixel electrodes and active elements for supplying data signals to the pixel electrodes in accordance with control signals are formed on one of a pair of opposing transparent substrates, and a counter electrode is formed on the other substrate. An antiferroelectric liquid crystal having a small difference between a voltage for changing liquid crystal molecules from the first or second ferroelectric phase to an antiferroelectric phase as an intermediate aligned state between the first and second ferroelectric phase and a voltage for changing the liquid crystal molecules from the antiferroelectric phase to the first or second ferroelectric phase and having optical characteristics changing along a curve in accordance with the applied voltage is sealed between the substrates.

Abstract: A printer comprising a key-in unit, a cartridge detecting unit, a data storage, a ROM, a font memory, a display control unit, a display, a print control unit, a printing unit, and a controller. When a cartridge which contains a printing medium is placed in the printing unit, the color of the printing medium is then determined through the cartridge detecting unit. The user inputs character data, etc., without specifying any print colors from the key-in unit. The input character data is then stored in the data storage. When such input character data is printed, the controller automatically sets the color of a character printing pattern at a color predetermined in correspondence to the color of the printing medium determined through the cartridge detecting unit. The printing unit prints the character data, etc., in the color set by the controller.

Abstract: A stringed instrument has a body which is composed of a back case and a top case combined by screwing up screw receiving bosses of the back case to screw attaching bosses of the top case with a vibration absorber provided between a side wall of the back and a side wall of the top. Attached to the back case are string vibration parts such as a neck and a bridge base. The bridge base is exposed to the outside from an opening in the top case. Non-string vibration parts including a tape recorder and a speaker are attached to the top case. Thus, when string vibrations are transmitted from the back case to the top case, the central portion of the top of the top case becomes a loop where the vibration amplitude is maximum and the top vibrates greatly freely. Thus, according to the inventive stringed instrument, a musical sound of an increased volume with a warm tone quality containing sufficient overtones is obtained.

Abstract: An antenna for use in a portable radio apparatus, which has a pair of bands extending from the main body of the apparatus, for securing the apparatus to a user. A first antenna conductor supplied with power and a second antenna conductor not supplied with power are embedded in each band and extend parallel to the axis of the band. The first and second antenna conductors embedded in the first band are connected at one end to the first and second antenna conductors embedded in the second band. No load is connected to the second antenna conductor embedded in each band. The second antenna conductor embedded in each band performs different functions according to its length. If it has a length equal to or greater than half the wavelength .lambda. of waves to receive, it will function as a reflector. If it has a length less than half the wavelength .lambda. of the waves, it will function as a director.

Abstract: An electronic device comprising a solar cell, a secondary battery charged by an output from the solar cell, an illumination detector for detecting the brightness of the environment of the solar cell based on the output from the solar cell, a display unit, an electroluminescence (EL) element for illumining the display unit, an attitude detector for detecting an attitude of the electronic device, a driver for driving the EL element on the basis of the attitude of the electronic device detected by the attitude detector and the result of the detection by the illumination detector. Only when the illumination detector detects that the environment of the solar cell is dark, and the attitude detector detects that the electronic device takes a specified attitude, the EL element is turned on. Otherwise, the illuminator is not turned on. Thus, wasteful power consumption is suppressed to prolong the solar cell's service life.

Abstract: A device having a checking function includes a detector for detecting unrelated data included in first inputted calculation data which is not related to a predetermined calculation to be performed on the first inputted calculation data. A memory controller is provided for controlling a memory so as not to store the unrelated data included in the first inputted calculation data when the detector detects the unrelated data. A check mode may be set whereby second inputted calculation data is compared with the stored first inputted calculation data and whereby it is then determined whether the second inputted calculation data is coincident with the stored first inputted calculation data. In addition, an indicator is provided for alerting a user when it is determined that the second inputted calculation data is not coincident with the stored first inputted calculation data.

Abstract: In an image controller, a VDP, a CPU, and a printer section, which are needed to prepare and print an image signal, are provided in the same housing. The CPU supplies an image parameter corresponding to a printing state of the printer to the VDP, so that a user can recognize a shortage of printing paper of the printer and a setting defectiveness of the printing paper, RGB data for one horizontal line is written to an RGB line memory of an RGB buffer section of the VDP, and a print processing is executed based on the RGB data transferred to the work RAM.

Abstract: In a radio communication apparatus having a plurality of identification codes, one of the plurality of identification codes is selected in a calling process. In this case, a particular one of the plurality of identification codes can be selected from (i) a plurality of identification codes stored in a memory of the radio communication apparatus, (ii) a plurality of identification codes stored in a memory of the radio communication apparatus and a memory attached detachably to the radio communication apparatus, and (iii) a plurality of identification codes stored in a plurality of memories attached detachably to the radio communication apparatus.

Abstract: A communication paging device whereby the coding mechanism allows messages to be constructed using bit-stream syntax blocks. Each syntax block is designated with a category such as a sentence format, subject, verb, location modifier, location, date modifier, date, time, and etc. Within each syntax block category is a set of variable code values that will translate into a screen display of alphanumeric characters to form both words and graphical screen elements. By using the coding mechanism, the syntax blocks are concatenated to form meaningful sentences with words arranged in a logical syntax order for that particular language. The conjugation of words in the sentence are easier and require less Boolean type functions to arrive at the conjugate word. The use of syntax blocks gives flexibility to allow conversion of statement sentences to question sentences, and question sentences into statement sentences.

Abstract: A portable radio apparatus comprises: a receiving unit for receiving message information transmitted by a radio wave; input/output terminals for transmitting/receiving information between the portable radio apparatus and an external device equipped with a data processing function; a storage unit for storing both of message information received by the receiving unit and the information inputted via the input/output terminals; a reading unit for selectively reading the information stored in the storage unit; and a display unit for displaying the information read from the reading unit. The apparatus fetches reception message information or the like stored in the storage unit via the input/output terminals so as to perform various processes such as display, correction and arrangement of the message information, and also other processes to store in the storage unit, information about telephone directory data and schedule data useful for the portable radio apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a display device which is used for various types of electronic apparatuses, e.g., an electronic watch, an electronic pocket notebook, and the like, and an electronic device. In the device or apparatus, a solar battery member having a lot of light passing openings for passing light is provided between a liquid crystal display member and a plate-like light emitting member disposed at a position lower than that of the liquid crystal display member.

Abstract: In the crystal structure of a polysilicon thin film having a field effect mobility .mu..sub.FE of about 80 cm.sup.2 /V.sec, a grain size is about 200 nm and a crystallite size on the (111) plane is about 180 nm. The crystal size corresponds to the size of a completely monocrystallized portion of a grain. The condition of obtaining a field effect mobility .mu..sub.FE of about 80 cm.sup.2 /V.sec is that the crystallite size on the (111) plane is at least 180 nm (measured value). By taking the crystallite size into consideration, it becomes possible to achieve a high field effect mobility .mu..sub.FE which cannot be obtained merely by increasing the grain size.

Abstract: A sensitivity setting device and an electrocardiograph which includes the sensitivity setting device include a differential amplifier whose amplification factor is changed by a CPU and a CR differentiator connected to the differential amplifier for providing an appropriate electrocardiogram waveform. The CR differentiator includes capacitor and two parallel resistors connected with the capacitor with one of the resistors being connected to an analog switch which is switched on/off by the CPU. If there is an input electrocardiogram waveform from a pair of electrodes attached to a patient's body directly after the measurement of the electrocardiogram waveform, the electrocardiogram waveform is amplified with an initial set amplification factor by the differential amplifier and the resulting signal is inputted to the CR differentiator.

Abstract: An apparatus for cleaning an endless belt, on both side end portions of the inner peripheral surface of which a pair of belt-shaped side stoppers are provided, includes a blade pressed against the outer peripheral surface of the belt and a backup roller. At both side end surfaces of the roller, assistant support rollers are provided to support the both side stoppers to prevent the both side end portions of the belt from moving inward to separate from the blade by a pressure applied from the blade. An image forming apparatus having such a belt cleaning apparatus includes a plurality of image carrying bodies arranged side by side along the belt, a plurality of toner image developer for developing images on the carrying bodies by toner, and a plurality of transfer units for transferring the developed toner images on the image carrying bodies to a paper sheet transferred by the belt.

Abstract: An ordinary person in charge is enabled to easily construct or modify a business processing system only by making a business flow diagram indicating the flow of the business to be adaptable to the contents of the business of the department to which the person in charge belongs if the person in charge understands the business system and slips and vouchers which are daily used without a necessity of requesting a system engineer having exclusive knowledge about programming to design the business processing system. Thus, a required business process can be performed. When the business flow diagram indicating the flow of each business in the own department has been made, a business constructing system analyzes the business flow diagram to make a slip registration card, an original register registration card and a voucher registration card.

Abstract: The inventive computer includes a RAM which sequentially stores a series of calculation expression data thereto, a proof unit which proves the series of calculation expression data by inputting those data again, and a display which displays calculation data found to be non-coincident in the proof operation. First, when a series of calculation expression data is input to the computer, the computer performs a required calculation on the series of calculation expression data and sequentially stores the data in the RAM. After the series of calculations on the data is completed, the user inputs data on designation of a proof operation to confirm whether the result of the calculation is correct. Thus, the proof mode is selected and a second series of calculation expression data is input.

Abstract: A portable overhead projector includes a projection unit having a light source and a projection lens, a stage having a Fresnel lens which has a reflecting surface facing the projection unit, and an arm part for connecting the projection unit with the stage. The arm is sized to accommodate the projection unit and the stage when these are folded thereinto. The size of the projector when the projection unit and the stage are folded into the arm part is not substantially larger than approximately a length of 184 mm, a width of 135 mm, and a thickness of 58 mm. Since each member can be folded, it is possible to make the portable overhead projector compact so that users can conveniently carry such an overhead projector in their bags.

Abstract: A data storing/reproducing apparatus includes a storing unit for storing inputted data, a range designating unit for designating an arbitrary range within the inputted data, an outputting unit for outputting the data stored in the storing unit, and a control unit for not outputting data in a range designated by said range designating unit when the data stored in the storing unit is outputted from the outputting unit. In this data storing/reproducing apparatus, when voice or sound is externally entered to be stored in the storing unit, and voice data is reproduced/outputted, a range used to limit the voice data output is set by the range setting unit. Then, when the data stored in the storing means is outputted by the outputting unit, since no data is outputted only in the designated range under control of the control unit, the secrecy of the stored voice data can be maintained.

Abstract: An instruction input system for an electronic processor is capable of determining the type of an instruction and an area in which the instruction is to be executed simultaneously, in accordance with a set of touch-operation positions input via an input device having a touch-operation surface (coordinate input surface), thereby significantly improving the operability, input speed, and the like of the processor, and also improving the user interface.