Abstract: Recorded data is read by an image sensor from a recording medium on which the data is two-dimensionally recorded in a mesh pattern, and the read data is stored in an image RAM. The stored data is subjected to data decoding and error correction to reproduce target data. A scanning reference pattern of a mesh pattern recorded on the recording medium serves as a guide when the stored recorded data read by the image sensor is reproduced by scanning in the image RAM. A reproduction apparatus has a capability of coping with a partial destruction of the scanning reference pattern. Error checking codes are added to the recording medium in addition to the target data. These items of data are recorded as an encoded image after being subjected to scrambling processing and randomization processing. The reproduction apparatus can easily cope with an error when the encoded image is reproduced.

Abstract: A key matrix scanning apparatus is provided. The key matrix comprises a plurality of switches which are arranged at intersections of a plurality of input signal lines and a plurality of output signal lines. The scanning apparatus repeatedly and quickly discharges or charges the plurality of input signal lines at appropriate times within a one complete scanning cycle to establish a reference potential on these lines in preparation for readings of switch states. Therefore, the scanning apparatus can provide a high-speed scanning of switches with high reliability. A good number of switches can be coupled to be read by a single unit of key scanner without a substantial delay in the detection of the switch operation.

Abstract: A stopwatch according to the present invention can measure a lap time by the operation of a lap switch of a key input portion and stores the measured lap time in a RAM. When the lap switch is operated, a minute hand is immediately moved to a position of 0 o'clock, and is started its rotation from the position of 0 o'clock. The hand is rotated at such speed that the hand arrives at a position of 10 o'clock after the preceding lap time stored in the RAM is elapsed. In order to rotate the hand at the above described speed, a microprocessor unit calculates the time interval to supply pulse signal to a step motor. Since the hand is moved from the position of 0 o'clock to the position of 10 o'clock at the above described speed, percentage of the lap time being measured at present with respect to the preceding lap time can be immediately known.

Abstract: A battery accommodating structure for accommodating first and second batteries in such a way that they are fixed in its accommodating portions by two pressing plates different from each other. A moving member which allows the two different pressing plates to be detached is provided to move in response to the movement of a power switch of an appliance which uses the accommodating structure. When the moving member is located at a position where the power switch is turned on, it prevent both of the first and second batteries from being removed from the accommodating portions, but when it is located at another position where the power switch is turned off, it allows one of the first and second batteries to be removed from the corresponding accommodating portion.

Abstract: An apparatus for outputting a pitch data corresponding to a relative distance between a pair of movable members or a position of a second movable member relative to a first movable member. Data indicating the output relative distance or data indicating the output relative position is converted to corresponding pitch data in accordance with one of a plurality of conversion characteristics selected by a selection section. A pitch corresponding to the converted pitch data is determined. An electronic musical instrument outputs a musical tone having the determined pitch. The musical tone is controlled in accordance with a flow state of air passing through a mouthpiece or a bite pressure.

Abstract: A CD (compact disk) stores audio data of a predetermined music piece. The CD is played back as a background music, and auto-playing data is sequentially stored in synchronism with the playback operation of the CD. Music No. data of the CD and present playback time data at the beginning of the storage operation are fetched from subcodes in the CD, and are stored in a memory. For this reason, when the stored data is automatically played, the corresponding music piece of the CD can be automatically selected, and an auto-play can be synchronously started at the same timing as in a storage mode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprises first and second substrates disposed to face each other, first and second electrodes formed on the both substrates to opposed to each other and forming a display region, signal leads formed on the second substrate and connected to the second electrodes, a seal surrounding the display region between the substrates and connecting together the substrates, a driving circuit provided between outer edges of the display region and those of the seal and connected to the leads, for generating a driving signal and supplying the signal to the wires in response to externally input display data, and a liquid crystal material sealed in a space surrounded by the substrates and seal.

Abstract: In a pressure instrument with depth/altitude and time display, a measurement time period from a starting instant up to a stopping instant of the time measurement is measured by measurement-time counting means, and also another measurement data is acquired by detecting pressures from the starting instant up to the stopping instant of the pressure measurement. After the measurements are taken and when a measurement stop signal is outputted, a determination is made whether or not the measured time periods are longer than a predetermined time period. If the measured time period is longer than a predetermined time period, this dive is regarded as one for which it is required to store a record, and then the measurement data acquired between the starting instant and the stopping instant of the measurement are stored in a memory.

Abstract: A thermal print head includes a plurality of selective electrodes formed on a substrate, a common electrode formed on the substrate at a distance from the selective electrodes, and a fiber mounted on the substrate at a position between the common electrode and the selective electrodes. The fiber projects higher than the top surfaces of the common and selective electrodes, and is fixed to the substrate by an adhesive having a top surface which is upwardly inclined toward the fiber. Heat resistive films overlay the fiber and adhesive and electrically connect the selective electrodes to the common electrode.

Abstract: A vibration of a string is picked up by a pickup to be converted to an electric signal. A pitch extracting circuit obtains pitch data expressing a pitch or a duration of the string vibration from the electric signal. A musical tone generating circuit generates a musical tone having a corresponding tone pitch in accordance with the pitch data. An envelope extracting circuit extracts an envelope from the eletric signal detected by the pickup and supplies a signal expressing the envelope to a multiplier. The extracted envelope signal is multiplied to the musical tone signal by a multiplier after a predetermined timing has been past. In other case, the extracted envelope signal is mixed with a synthe-envelope signal at a desired ratio, thereafter the mixed envelope signal is imparted to the musical tone signal by multiplying processing.

Abstract: When information is recorded by emitting a laser beam from a laser beam source, focusing the laser beam to irradiate a recording layer of an information recording medium, and changing the optical characteristics of the irradiated portion of the information recording medium, an information signal is converted by a recording signal generator into a multilevel recording signal, and the output power of the laser beam to irradiate the recording layer of the recording medium is changed by a modulating unit in a multilevel manner in accordance with the recording signal. Therefore, a portion having different optical characteristics from those of a portion not irradiated with the laser beam is formed in the recording layer.

Abstract: Audio data of a predetermined piece of music is recorded on a compact disc. A sequence of musical tone data is stored in an auto-play memory. Also stored in this auto-play memory are a time control command, an access command and a play command. An instrument controller reads out these commands to surely control the auto-playing and reproduction of data from the compact disc in synchronism.

Abstract: Using stored discrete samplers of filter coefficients at each of a plurality of discrete operating points, a filter control (e.g., CPU) provides dynamic control of a digital filter through an interpolator in accordance with a variable input indicative of a desired operating point (e.g., cutoff frequency) of the digital filter. In response to a large change in the desired operating point, the control produces a succession of operating point subgoals progressively approaching the changed desired operating point and a corresponding succession of filter coefficient subgoals. Each filter coefficient subgoal is calculated as a function of stored discrete filter coefficient samples near each operating point subgoal. In response to a new parameter set from the filter control, containing a new subgoal of the coefficients, the interpolator starts coefficient interpolating to smoothly move the operating point of the digital filter toward the new subgoal.

Abstract: A tone generation control unit has four waveform read/write channels for selectively the reading or writing data in a waveform memory. A plurality of waveform signals stored in the waveform memory are converted into analog signals to be subjected to timbre and tone volume control through voltage-controlled filters and voltage-controlled amplifiers before being fed to a mixing adder. An output signal of the mixing adder is converted into a digital signal which is stored in the waveform memory again through processing of the tone generation control unit. The stored converted output from the mixing adder is later used again as a new sound source waveform which is operated on to produce tones.

Abstract: A pager has a TV receiver for receiving a TV radio wave which causes the display to display a TV image. The pager has a color designation circuit for designating a display color of a message. The color designation circuit designates the display color of the message in accordance with a predetermined method for emphasizing the message. The display then displays the message in the designated color.

Abstract: In an electronic apparatus with a first case and a second case movable to opening/closing positions of the first case, there is provided electro-optical converting means at a portion of the first case which is located opposite to the second case when the second case is opened at a predetermined opening angle. The electro-optical converting means converts an electric signal obtained from a first electronic circuit employed in the first case into an optical signal. Then, an optical-electro converting means is employed at a portion of the second case which is located opposite to the electro-optical converting means when the second case is opened at a predetermined opening angle. The optical-electro converting means converts the optical signal produced from the electro-optical converting means into an electric signal.

Abstract: An image data supervising system includes an imaging device, a reproducing device and a data supervising unit for processing, for instance, an electronic still image. In the image data supervising system, the still images are recorded on a recording medium such as a video floppy disk, and the data relating to the still images recorded on the recording medium are written into an memory unit. The data which have been written in the memory unit can be confirmed at any desirable time by way of the data supervising unit. While the image data which have been recorded on the recording medium are reproduced by the reproducing device, any desirable data can be superimposed on this reproduced image data.