Abstract: A color liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal cell having liquid crystal molecules twisted by 90.degree., two polarization plates, a reflector and two retardation plates. The product .DELTA.n.d of the refractive anisotropy .DELTA.n and the LC layer thickness d of the liquid crystal cell, the retardations of the retardation plates, the directions of the transmission axes of the polarization plates and the phase delay axes of the retardation plates are set in such a way that the color of outgoing light changes to red, green, blue, black or white in accordance with an applied voltage. The transmission axis of one of the polarization plates is set in a direction of 110.degree. to 130.degree. in an opposite direction to the twist angle of the liquid crystal molecules and the transmission axis of the other of the polarization plates is set in a direction of 127.degree. to 140.degree. in an opposite direction to this twist angle.

Abstract: A color liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate having a surface on which a transparent electrode and a first aligning film covering the transparent electrode are arranged, a second substrate having an electrode arranged to oppose the first substrate, and a second aligning film covering the electrode, the electrode having a plurality of pixels formed on its inner surface, and the pixels being formed in an area opposing the transparent electrode, a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first and second substrates and having an initial aligned state in which liquid crystal molecules are aligned in a predetermined direction by the first and second aligning films, a polarizing member arranged outside the first substrate such that the polarization axis of the polarizing member crosses an aligning direction of liquid crystal molecules adjacent to the first aligning film at an angle other than a right angle, and a reflecting member, arranged on the second substrate side, for reflecting light w

Abstract: Arranged in a series are an electrolyte tank capable of holding one of a number of substrates, each substrate having a conducting film thereon, and a cathode so that the cathode and substrate face each other in an electrolyte, an anodizing chamber for anodizing the substrate, a pretreatment chamber for calcining a photoresist mask put on part of the conducting film, and a post-treatment chamber for washing and drying the anodized substrate. A substrate transportation mechanism is provided for serially transporting the substrates one by one from the pretreatment chamber to the post-treatment chamber via the anodizing chamber. In the anodizing chamber described above, a formation voltage is increased to a value such that an oxide film with a desired thickness is formed so that the value of a current flowing through an aluminum alloy film as the conducting film is kept constant with the current density ranging from 3.0 mA/cm.sup.2 to 15.0 mA/cm.sup.2.

Abstract: A bus interface circuit which can suppress generation of noise includes, between an internal data bus and an external data bus, an AND gate and output buffer connected in parallel with an input buffer. A control signal a is supplied to a control terminal of the output buffer and an inverted signal of the control signal a is supplied to a control terminal of the input buffer. A control signal b is supplied to one input terminal of the AND gate. When no access request is made to an external RAM and external ROM, a CPU enables the control signals a and b to be output as a high-level and a low-level signals, respectively. At that time, a respective output buffer enables corresponding data to pass through, but data on the internal data bus is not output to the external data bus when the AND gate is placed in closed state.

Abstract: A display system comprising a display and a memory for storing a plurality of evaluation data relating to a plurality of types of clothing and accessories. Each type of clothing and accessory has a respective plurality of colors. The display is controlled to display the plurality of types of clothing, a plurality of types of accessories to be carried, and the respective plurality of colors of each of the types of clothing and accessories. A designating device is provided for designating particular combinations of clothing and/or accessories. When a first article of clothing of a designated color is combined with a second article of clothing and its designated color, an evaluation of this combination is performed based on the stored plurality of evaluation data, and the resulting evaluation is displayed on the display.

Abstract: In a musical tone waveform generation apparatus for outputting musical tone signals generated by a software program at predetermined time intervals, sound source methods can be selected in units of tone generation channels. In the musical tone waveform generation apparatus, the sound source method or the tone color of a musical tone signal to be output is determined in accordance with performance data (pitch data, touch data, music part data, and the like). A musical tone signal is generated by CPU upon execution of a sound source processing program, associated with a modulation method stored in a memory. The generated musical tone signal is output at predetermined time intervals. As for sound source processing based on the modulation method, at least one operator processing, and algorithm processing for determining an input/output relationship among the operator processing operations are independently executed.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprising a first substrate having a first electrode and a homeotropic aligning film formed thereon, a second substrate having a second electrode and a homogeneous aligning film formed thereon, and a chiral nematic liquid crystal sealed between the first and second substrates. One % by weight of a dichroic dye is added to the chiral nematic liquid crystal. The liquid crystal molecules of this liquid crystal display device has a twist angle .theta. of 0.5.pi. radians or greater and smaller than (5/3).pi. radians. The cell gap d of the liquid crystal display device and the natural pitch p of the nematic liquid crystal are selected in such a way that d/p satisfies an inequality (9):(.theta./2.pi.)-(1/4)<d/p<(.theta./2.pi.

Abstract: A color liquid crystal display device including a transparent first substrate having an inner surface and at least one transparent electrode formed thereon, and an insulating second substrate having an inner surface arranged to oppose the inner surface of the first substrate and at least one electrode formed on the inner surface of the second substrate. A liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between the inner surfaces of the first and second substrates and has a predetermined initial aligned state. A polarizing member is arranged on a first substrate side of the liquid crystal layer, and at least one retardation plate is provided for coloring light which emerges from the liquid crystal display. The retardation plate is arranged between the liquid crystal layer and the polarizing member such that an optical axis of the retardation plate with respect to a transmission axis of the polarizing member is not parallel to or perpendicular to the transmission axis.

Abstract: A display driving apparatus includes a matrix display device for displaying an image. The matrix display device has switching elements and data written elements connected to the switching elements. The switching elements and the data written elements are arranged in rows and columns to form a matrix. A plurality of scan lines are arranged in a predetermined number of rows, with each row of the plurality of scan lines being connected to respective ones of the switching elements arranged along a corresponding row of the matrix. A plurality of data lines are connected to the switching elements for supplying lines of display data to be displayed on successive rows of the scan lines, and a data line driver circuit is connected to the switching elements via the data lines for supplying the switching elements connected to successive rows of the scan lines with the lines of display data.

Abstract: An electronic musical instrument comprises a tone generator for generating a plurality of different digital waveform signals corresponding to different timbres, and a device for setting a plurality of ranges defined by two parameters, a first one of the parameters being a pitch parameter and a second one of the parameters being a key touch parameter. The parameters vary according to the musical performance, and a range for the pitch parameter in combination with a range for the key touch parameter respectively designating one of the plurality of different digital waveform signals having different timbres. An input device is provided for inputting the two parameters according to a musical performance.

Abstract: A small-sized alarm device is hung on a doorknob to emit an alarm sound upon detecting that a human body contacts or approaches the doorknob. The alarm device has data processor, such as a calculator and the like, in addition to an alarm and an electro-optic display for displaying data processed by the data processor and information related to the operation of the alarm. To the alarm device is rotatably mounted a hanging member for hanging the alarm device on a doorknob. The hanging member is fit into the case of the alarm device when in not use or is erected from the case when the alarm device is hung on the doorknob.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes an imaging lens, an area image sensor having solid-state imaging elements arranged in a planar manner, and an imaging device for converting an image of an imaging object read by the area image sensor into image information. The imaging device is switchable between an electronic camera function mode and image scanner function mode. When the device is switched into the electronic camera function mode, the image information for one frame is outputted, whereas when the imaging device is switched into the image scanner function mode, the image information derived when an object to be read is manually scanned by the area image sensor in response to a moving amount of the manual scanning operation is outputted as continuous image information. Image information may thus be acquired over a wide range by employing a single image information processing apparatus.

Abstract: When one message data is transmitted dividedly at plural times to the same reception terminal, in the first transmission, a code specifying the terminal is transmitted, and then message data in a head portion of the message and a code indicating that succeeding data is present are transmitted, in the second transmission and thereafter, the code specifying the terminal is transmitted, and then data succeeding to the transmitted message data and a code indicating that the previously transmitted message data is continued from message data received at this time, and, unless the second transmission and thereafter is the last transmission, the message data having a code indicating that succeeding data is present are transmitted. The reception terminal receives transmitted data, and connects message data transmitted dividedly at plural times as one message data based on the code attached to the received message data.

Abstract: A CPU enables an FM tuner, a tuning controller and an FM multiplex decoder, after which the CPU is disabled. The FM tuner, tuning controller and FM multiplex decoder receives frame data including emergency information transmitted from a broadcasting station. When a packet coincidence circuit determines that the received block is a specific block which may include emergency information, the FM multiplex decoder causes an emergency information determining circuit to determine if the associated packet contains emergency information. If this packet contains emergency information, the emergency information determining circuit sends an interrupt signal to the CPU to enable the CPU. The CPU then reproduces the emergency information in the received data and displays it on a display section.

Abstract: To provide a machine composer capable of efficiently composing natural melodies with a simplified system configuration and without requiring complicated data processing: A melody material storage 10 stores a plurality of melody materials each represented by a plurality of note records. Each note record in a melody material contains data items of pitch and note type or function. Thus, pitches of the plurality of note records constitute an original pitch succession whereas note types of the records define an original note type succession. A note type of each note record represents a pitch function specified by musical background of the original pitch succession. A input device 20 enters musical background information (including for example keynote, scale and chord).