Abstract: A data processing apparatus comprises input, file update, display and print processing units which are independently operated and linked to each other. Arbitrary word labels can independently be set in each processing unit. Each processing unit performs only an operation defined by the word labels. The data processed by one processing unit can be used as a source data based on which the succeeding linked processing unit performs another processing operation.

Abstract: A single signal processor performs a pitch process which produces musical sound waveform data having a frequency corresponding to received pitch data, a filtering process for filtering the generated musical sound waveform data, and an amplitude process which controls the amplitude of a musical sound generated on the basis of the filtered musical sound waveform data in order to produce a musical sound. It simultaneously performs outputting the produced musical sound waveform data to a plurality of output terminals and an effect process which imparts an effect to the musical sound data. The signal processor outputs at least one of musical sound waveform data to which the effect is imparted and musical sound waveform data to which no effects are imparted, using at least one of an external and an internal effect circuit to thereby impart a variety of effects to the resulting musical sound.

Abstract: A memory cell has a thin film memory transistor and a thin film selective transistor. The thin film memory transistor has a charge trapping structure and a positive-negative-charge occurrence structure. The charge trapping structure includes a first thin film semiconductor layer, an insulating memory gate layer formed on the first thin film semiconductor layer, and a memory gate electrode. The positive-negative-charge occurrence structure includes an impurity high density layer with a portion facing the memory gate electrode. The thin film selective transistor is coupled to the thin film memory transistor in a serial form and has an only n-channel occurrence structure which includes a second thin film semiconductor layer, an insulating selective gate layer formed on the second thin film semiconductor layer and being thicker than the insulating memory gate layer, and a selective gate electrode formed on said insulating selective gate layer.

Abstract: A latch circuit is provided between a column switch connected to the input/output sides for selecting data lines and a tristate buffer connected to the write side of a memory array, or between the column switch and a sense amplifier connected to the readout side of the memory array. The latch circuit has a capacity corresponding to a plurality of data contents in the tristate buffer or the sense amplifier. While data set in a portion of the latch circuit is being output, the next data can be set in another portion of the latch circuit.

Abstract: A tracking control device comprises a tape driving device for driving a magnetic tap at a predetermined running speed; and a rotary head carrying a magnetic head, for rotating the magnetic head to trace a plurality of record tracks on a magnetic tape driven by the tape driving device, the magnetic head having two gaps which have different azimuth angles from each other, the respective gaps being adapted to be used to trace every other record track. A signal reproducing circuit is connected to the magnetic head, for reproducing as signal supplied from the magnetic head; and a pilot signal detector is connected to the signal reproducing circuit for detecting pilot signals included in the signal reproduced by the signal reproducing circuit, the pilot signals being recorded in record tracks on both sides of the record track which is traced by one of the gaps of the magnetic head, and for outputting pilot-signal detection signals each representing levels of the detected pilot signals.

Abstract: In an electronic musical instrument with an ANY KEY mode which regards keys as a single one-key, an ON event in a non-operation state is valid, and a one-key play operation is advanced by one tone.

Abstract: In a normal state, a time counting process and a key input process are performed in accordance with an oscillation signal of 38.4 KHz generated by a crystal oscillator. In a data communication mode, a process for exchanging data with an external appliance is performed in accordance with a frequency-divided signal of the above oscillation signal and received data are stored in a memory simultaneously in a high speed process under control of an oscillation signal of 800 KHz generated by a CR oscillator. A power source circuit provides a high power source voltage, preventing all circuits from a defective operation while the high speed process is performed since the high speed process can decrease a power source voltage.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display panel manufacturing method, before two substrates of the display panel are adhered to each other, one of the substrates is subjected to thermal expansion, and after adhesion, the other substrate is subjected to thermal expansion so that the first and second substrates are curved, thereby obtaining a liquid crystal display panel the display surface of which is curved. The liquid crystal display panel manufactured by the above method is relatively low in cost. Further, since the two substrates are not curved forcibly, the gap therebetween is uniform over the entirety of the display surface, ensuring high display quality.

Abstract: In an electronic reading device, the bar code of the limit time set for a question to be solved is read with a bar code reader. This limit time data is set on a sub tract timer, which decrements as time passes. The bar code reader is also designed to read the answer bar code for the question. During the limit time, answer bar codes can be read with the bar code reader. Beyond the limit time, however, those codes cannot be read. This encourages the learner to solve the questions within the limit time, enhancing the learning effects.

Abstract: In an electronic musical instrument having an audio reproducing function, when a plurality of keys are operated while a reproducing operation is in a halt state, the reproducing operation starts again in response to the operation of the keys. A movable operator is assigned with a particular function. The audio reproducing operation is controlled in accordance with the function assigned to the movable operator.

Abstract: A filter device has a variable frequency cut-off characteristic as well as a variable gain characteristic. To obtain these characteristics, a filtering operation is performed on data input thereto on the basis of a transmission function, which is defined by gain G for predetermined frequencies and a frequency f.sub.0 corresponding to a phase at an intersection of a unit circle and a straight line intersecting at right angles a real axis passing a midpoint between a polar and a zero point on the real axis on Z-plane. An electronic musical instrument employing the filter device can change amplitudes of frequency components involved in musical tones on the basis of performance data, generating musical tones involving complex harmonics and having various tone colors, as a conventional acoustic instrument does.

Abstract: A compass wherein positional information regarding a predetermined terrestrial location is stored; present time, corresponding to the terrestrial location whose positional information is stored, is measured and displayed; and constellation data is stored. A geomagnetism-detector is provided for detecting the direction of geomagnetism and for deriving azimuthal data therefrom. A constellation data display device is provided for reading out stored constellation data in accordance with the derived azimuthal data, the stored positional information, and the measured present time, and for displaying the readout constellation data.

Abstract: In this film transistor used for a liquid crystal display element, etc., the source and drain electrodes are formed at positions which do not overlap the gate electrode. Capacitances between the gate and source electrodes and between the gate and drain electrodes can be almost eliminated.

Abstract: A musical sound waveform generator includes a carrier signal generating unit, a modulation signal generating unit, a mixing controlling unit and a waveform outputting unit. The characteristics of the carrier signal from the carrier signal generating unit are determined such that the musical sound waveform generated by the waveform outputting unit is a sine wave or a cosine wave with a single frequency, where the mixing ratio of the modulation signal is made O by the mixing controlling unit. Therefore, the mixing controlling unit presets the mixing ratio of the modulation signal to be O, making it possible to generate a musical sound waveform which is only a sine wave or a cosine wave of a single frequency. During the performance, the mixing ratio can, for example, be determined at a high value immediately after the start of sound generation and thereafter reduced to near O with time.

Abstract: An electronic device with multiple functions has a base case provided with an input key unit on an upper surface and a plurality of openable cases which are openably mounted on the base case so as to be freely open and closed. The base case has an arced guide thereon. The openable cases are arranged so as to be stacked on the base case when closed. One of the openable cases has a moving member which is movably engaged with the arced guide for connecting the openable case to the base case. The openable cases each are provided with an electro-optical display unit on a rear surface. The openable cases except the outermost openable case each are provided with an input key unit on an upper surface.

Abstract: An electronic musical instrument includes circuitry for modifying an ordinary address signal which changes at a uniform rate over one cycle of a waveform, into a modified address signal whose rate varies in one cycle of the waveform by the use of a modification signal.The modified address signal accesses a storage device such as a ROM in which waveform data is stored, thereby producing the modified waveform data from the storage device. The modification signal is obtained from the ordinary address signal through a predetermined logic circuit.