Abstract: The present invention provides a method of forming on a substrate a particle layer highly adherent to the substrate, which comprises the steps of spreading a dispersion (I) comprising a dispersing medium and, dispersed therein, solid particles being surface treated with a compound acting as a binder on a liquid (II) having a specific gravity higher than that of the dispersing medium, said liquid (II) being immiscible with the dispersing medium, subsequently removing the dispersing medium from the dispersion (I) to thereby arrange the solid particles on the liquid (II) so that a particle layer is formed on the liquid (II) and thereafter transferring the particle layer onto a substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a thin film-forming apparatus comprising a coating liquid feed means 6 for feeding a thin film-forming coating liquid onto a surface of a transfer roll 2, a transfer means 4 including the transfer roll 2 a surface of which is coated with the thin film-forming coating liquid fed from the coating liquid feed means to form a transfer thin film 8, and a substrate conveying means 16 for continuously conveying a substrate 9 under the transfer roll, a surface of said substrate 9 to be provided with a thin film, wherein the transfer means is so fabricated that the transfer roll surface having the transfer thin film thereon is closely contacted with the surface of the substrate conveyed by the substrate conveying means, to transfer the transfer thin film formed on the transfer roll surface to the substrate surface. Also disclosed is a thin film-forming method using the thin film-forming apparatus.

Abstract: A coating liquid for forming porous silica coating, comprising a product of reaction between a short fiber silica and a hydrolyzate of an alkoxysilane of the formula X.sub.n Si(OR).sub.4-n or a halogenated silane of the formula X.sub.n SiX'.sub.4-n (in the formula, X represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an aryl group or a vinyl group; R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an aryl group or a vinyl group; X' represents a chlorine atom or a bromine atom; and n is an integer of 0 to 3). A coated substrate comprising a porous silica coating film formed from the above coating liquid for forming porous silica coating. A short fiber silica having an average diameter (D) of 10 to 30 nm, a length (L) of 30 to 100 nm and an aspect ratio (L/D) of 3 to 10.

Abstract: A hydrodemetallizing catalyst for a hydrocarbon oil comprising a support and a catalytic component carried on the support, this catalyst having a surface, part of which has a coating layer composed of an inert substance having substantially no demetallizing activity, this coating layer allowing substantially no reaction fluid to permeate therethrough. This catalyst preferably has a reaction flow path through which a reaction fluid flows thereinside and is preferred to be, for example, in the form of a honeycomb structure or cylinder having one or a plurality of through holes.In the hydrodemetallization of heavy oils using the above hydrodemetallizing catalyst for a hydrocarbon oil, the sticking of the catalyst can be prevented and the spacing between catalyst particles can be maintained to thereby prevent a rapid increase of differential pressure, so that a continuous operation can be performed for a prolonged period of time.

Abstract: Solid particles which comprise a substantially homogeneous mixture of an active carbon and an attrition-resistant inorganic substance and which have an average particle size of smaller than 300 .mu.m. The average particle size is preferred to range from 20 to 200 .mu.m. The inorganic substance is, for example, silica, titania, zirconia, alumina or silica-alumina. The active carbon is preferred to be contained in an amount of 5 to 70% by weight. The solid particles can be produced by spray drying a slurry containing an active carbon or a precursor thereof and an attrition-resistant inorganic substance or a precursor thereof so that particles having an average particle size of smaller than 300 .mu.m are obtained, and calcining the particles. The inorganic substance or precursor thereof is preferably present in a colloidal or hydrogel state in the slurry. The particles are excellent in attrition resistance and mechanical strength.

Abstract: A thermoplastic resin film excellent in slipperiness, wear resistance and transparency contains 0.05 to 0.5 wt. % of specified fine particles of composite oxide comprising silica, alkali metal oxide, and at least one inorganic oxide other than silica, wherein the fine particles satisfies the following expression (I):S .gtoreq.10,000/(Dp*SG) (I)wherein S indicates the specific surface area (m.sup.2 /g) of the fine particles of composite oxide, Dp indicates the average diameter (nm) of the fine particles, and SG indicates the true specific gravity thereof. The film is preferably a polyester film having a hazing value of 5% or less. It is suitable for use as magnetic tape, capacitor, photographic film and pressure-sensitive adhesive tape.

Abstract: A thermoplastic resin film excellent in slipperiness, wear resistance and transparency. The film contains 0.005 to 20 wt. % of specified fine particles of composite oxide comprising silica and at least one inorganic oxide other than silica. The film is preferably a polyester film having a hazing value of 5 % or less. It is suitable for use as magnetic tape, capacitor, photographic film and pressure-sensitive adhesive tape. The film is manufactured by adding a silicate of alkali metals, ammonium or organic bases and an alkali-soluble inorganic compound simultaneously to an alkali solution with pH 9 or above, generating fine particles of composite oxide without any control of the pH of this reaction solution, adding the obtaind sol to a thermoplastic resin and/or the reaction system thereof, and processing of a film.

Abstract: In the present invention, alumina is produced by a process comprising leading a starting aqueous slurry containing a seed alumina hydrate to a circulating system, the aqueous slurry being circulated and returned to the starting aqueous slurry, wherein an aqueous solution of an aluminum salt and an aqueous solution of a neutralizer are added to the aqueous slurry being circulated and mixed together at a pH value of 6 to 11 to thereby cause the aqueous slurry to contain formed alumina hydrate prior to the return to the starting aqueous slurry.

Abstract: Disclosed is a film-forming coating solution comprising a matrix and a fine particulate compound oxide composed of oxides of titanium, silicon and zirconium and/or aluminum. This film-forming coating solution can form a colorless and transparent film of high refractive index which is excellent in dyeing property and adhesion to the substrate. Also disclosed is a synthetic resin lens of high refractive index having a film (hard coat film) formed from the film-forming coating solution on the surface. This synthetic resin lens is free from interference fringe and has a reduced thickness.

Abstract: An organo-antimony oxide sol capable of affording an electrical conductivity property and a photo-setting coating composition containing such a sol are provided. The particulate colloidal antimony oxide, i.e. a dispersoid in the sol, has a pyrochlore structure and is surface-treated with an organo-silicon compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.2 is hydrogen or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl group; R.sup.3 is hydrogen or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl group; R.sup.4 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkylene group; R.sup.5 is hydrogen or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl group; i is an integer of 1-3; j is an integer of 0-2; and k is an integer of 1-3 equal to i+j.

Abstract: A hydrotreating apparatus comprising (a') a fixed-bed reactor packed with a hydrotreating catalyst for hydrotreating a heavy oil and (b') a suspended-bed reactor packed with a hydrotreating catalyst for further hydrotreating the heavy oil hydrotreated in the fixed-bed reactor. According to the apparatus of the present invention, (a) feeding of a heavy oil to a fixed-bed reactor is disclosed packed with a hydrotreating catalyst to thereby effect hydrotreating of the heavy oil and (b) feeding of the heavy oil hydrotreated in the fixed-bed reactor to a suspended-bed reactor packed with a hydrotreating catalyst to thereby effect further hydrotreating of the heavy oil can be conducted, and therefore the period of hydrotreating of the heavy oil can be prolonged.

Abstract: An antibacterial substance, and more particularly, an antibacterial substance which displays antibacterial, anti-mold, and deodorizing effects when added to resins, paints, textile fibers and cosmetics.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for hydrotreating a heavy oil, comprising the steps of (a) feeding a heavy oil into a fixed-bed reactor packed with a hydrotreating catalyst to thereby effect hydrotreating of the heavy oil, and (b) feeding the heavy oil hydrotreated in the step (a) into a suspended-bed reactor packed with a hydrotreating catalyst for hydrotreating the heavy oil to thereby effect further hydrotreating of the heavy oil, and also provides a hydrotreating apparatus comprising (a') a fixed-bed reactor packed with a catalyst for hydrotreating a feed heavy oil and (b') a suspended-bed reactor packed with a hydrotreating catalyst for hydrotreating the heavy oil hydrotreated in the fixed-bed reactor. The hydrotreating of the heavy oil can be conducted for a prolonged period of time.

Abstract: A writing pad having a construction wherein two substrates each having electrodes formed on one of the surfaces are disposed in parallel in such a way that their electrodes face one another with a predetermined gap between them. The gap is defined by insulating dot spacers fixed at regular intervals to at least one of the electrode surfaces. The height G of the dot spacers is smaller than 15 .mu.m, the average center distance L between the adjacent dot spacers is smaller than 100 .mu.m, d>G and 3 d<L<100 d (where d is a diameter of the dot spacers on the electrode surface to which the dot spacers are fixed). According to this writing pad, when characters or graphics are inputted to the input substrate of the writing pad by an input pen, an erroneous input does not occur even when fingers, etc., erroneously come into contact with the input substrate, and the erroneous operation does not occur, either, when the input operation is repeated many times by the input pen.

Abstract: Conductive substrate having on their surface a coating formed from a coating solution for forming a transparent conductive coating prepared by dispersion of dissolving in water and/or organic solvent such conductive particles as having (a) an average particle diameter of not more than 500 .ANG., wherein (b) an amount of particles having a particle diameter of not more than 600 .ANG. is more than 60% by weight, (c) an amount of particles having a particle diameter of not more than 100 .ANG. is more than 5% by weight and (d) an amount of particles having a particle diameter of more than 1000 .ANG.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there are provided coating solutions for forming transparent conductive ceramic coatings, said coating solutions being homogeneous solutions or dispersions of acetylacetonate chelate compound, conductive substances and, if necessary, silicon compound and/or alkoxides of metals other than silicon in mixtures of water and organic solvents, and substrates having thereon transparent conductive ceramic coatings formed from said coating solutions and uses thereof.

Abstract: A titanium oxide sol comprising a disperse medium and generally rectangular, non-spherical particles of titanium oxide dispersed in the disperse medium, with narrow scatteres in particle size and configuration. The sol is excellent in dispersibility, long-term stability and light-resistance and, is stable in a wide pH range without causing agglomeration. Moreover, it is excellent in absorbance of ultraviolet ray and in transmittance of visible light. The sol may be prepared by a process wherein hydrogen peroxide is added to a gel or sol of hydrated titanium oxide to dissolve the hydrated titanium oxide in said gel or sol, and the resulting aqueous titanic acid solution is heated in the presence of at least one compound selected from inorganic compounds of metals belonging the Group II, III, IV, V, VI and VIII of the periodic table.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of a modified aluminosilicate zeolite is disclosed which includes contacting a starting zeolite in an aqueous phase with a dealuminating agent at a pH value of lower than 4 in the presence of a soluble silica. A novel zeolite composition is also disclosed which has increased acid and thermal stability.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there are provided coating solutions for forming transparent conductive ceramic coatings, said coating solutions being homogeneous solutions or dispersions of acetylacetonate chelate compound, conductive substances and, if necessary, silicon compound and/or alkoxides of metals other than silicon in mixtures of water and organic solvents, and substrates having thereon transparent conductive ceramic coatings formed from said coating solutions and uses thereof.

Abstract: Conductive substrate having on their surface a coating formed from a coating solution for forming a transparent conductive coating prepared by dispersion of dissolving in water and/or organic solvent such conductive particles as having (a) an average particle diameter of not more than 500 .ANG., wherein (b) an amount of particles having a particle diameter of not more than 600 .ANG. is more than 60% by weight, (c) an amount of particles having a particle diameter of not more than 100 .ANG. is more than 5% by weight and (d) an amount of particles having a particle diameter of more than 1000 .ANG.