Abstract: In a process for preparing high molecular weight poly-(ethylene terephthalate) in two stages, comprising, in the first stage, reacting a dialkyl ester of terephthalic acid with ethylene glycol in the presence of 35 to 290 ppm of manganese, in the form of a manganese-II salt effective as a catalyst, together with 6 to 95 ppm of cobalt, in the form of a cobalt-II salt effective as a catalyst, at a temperature of 170.degree. to 220.degree. C. to give a low molecular weight precondensate; then adding 45 to 140 ppm of phosphorus in the form of a phosphorus compound effective to minimize discoloration of the product poly-(ethylene terephthalate) due to said transesterification catalysts; and, in the second stage, effecting complete condensation of the precondensate thus obtained, in the presence of catalysts at a temperature of 270.degree.-290.degree. C.

Abstract: The rheological properties of plastisols of powdered polymerizates produced by polymerizing vinyl chloride or a mixture of vinyl chloride and a copolymerizable monomer in an aqueous emulsion in the presence of a water-soluble catalyst and an alkali salt of a fatty acid as the polymerization emulsifier and spray drying the resultant polymerizate, are improved by treating the powdered polymerizate with water in a weight ratio of from 1:2 to 1:15 and then drying.

Abstract: A paper sizing composition which comprises a mixture ofA. An alkaline aqueous dispersion of acid-group containing aliphatic hydrocarbon resins prepared by polymerizing a C.sub.4 - cut or a C.sub.5 - cut or mixtures thereof, obtained during thermal cracking of a hydrocarbon stream and modifying the product by addition thereto of an unsaturated polycarboxylic acid anhydride, wherein the resins have an acid number between 10 and 130 and are present in the dispersion with a solids content of 10-70%; andB. An alkaline solution of a copolymer of an .alpha., .beta.-unsaturated polycarboxylic acid and a C.sub.5 -.alpha.-olefin, wherein the solution has a solids content of 5-50% by weight; andwherein A and B are employed in a ratio of 91:1 to 1:99 relative to the solids content.

Abstract: Method for preparing and using thermoplastic polyether ester amides with units of the starting components randomly distributed in the polymer chain. A mixture of:I. one or more polyamide forming compounds from the group of the omega-aminocarboxylic acids and/or lactams having at least 10 carbon atoms;II. an alpha, omega-dihydroxy-(polytetrahydrofuran) having an average degree of polymerization of between about 2 and 42 or a molecular weight of between 160 and 3,000; andIII. at least one organic dicarboxylic acid is heated in a weight ratio of I to (II+III) of between 30:7 and 98:2. In (II+III) the hydroxy and carboxy groups are present in equivalent amounts. The heating takes place in the presence of 2-30% by weight of water, based on the polyamide-forming compounds of component I, under the internal pressure attained in a closed container at temperatures of between 230.degree. and 300.degree. C. Water is removed as steam and after removal of the water, the product is further treated at 250.degree.-280.

Abstract: An improved process for the production of emulsifier-containing vinyl chloride polymers suitable for hard processing, the particle diameter of 90% of which is more than 63 .mu., by polymerization of vinyl chloride and optionally monomers copolymerizable therewith in an aqueous emulsion in the presence of water-soluble catalysts and alkali salts of carboxylic acids as emulsifiers at pH 9.5-11.5 and spray-drying the thus-obtained latex, is characterized by conducting the polymerization in a dispersion containing at least 45% by weight of monomers with sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids of 8-18 carbon atoms as emulsifiers to a conversion of at least 80%, and, during the spray-drying step, reducing the pH to 6.0-8.0.

Abstract: Polybutadiene oils of 400-6,000 molecular weight, having double bonds which are 10 to 60% vinyl, 1 to 15% transvinylene and 25 to 85% cis-vinylene, and 3-20% by weight, corresponding to 0.4 to 3% by weight of bound silicon, of which are reactive silyl polymer units of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is a hydrolyzable group and Y and Z are the same as X or are H and/or alkyl of 1-8 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 5-12 carbon atoms, or optionally substituted phenyl; are useful as adhesion promoters for vulcanizable elastomer compositions comprising a mineral filler.

Abstract: Shaped or unshaped synthetic resins having about 0.01-5% by weight of stabilizers where the stabilizers are bisamides of quadratic acids having the general formulas I and/or II as follows: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4, are identical or different, and represent(A) hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted alkyl or alkenyl residues of 1-22 carbon atoms, one or more of which can also be substituted by hetero atoms;(B) unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkyl or cycloalkylalkylene residues;(C) unsubstituted or substituted aryl and arylalkylene residues;(D) 3- to 8-membered, unsubstituted or substituted rings which contain one or more hetero atoms and which can optionally be connected to the nitrogen atoms of Formulae I and II by way of alkylene groups;(E) furthermore the groups --NR.sub.1 R.sub.2 and/or --NR.sub.3 R.sub.4 represent 3- to 8-membered, unsubstituted or substituted rings which optionally contain additional hetero atoms; and(F) respectively R.sub.1 and R.sub.3 or R.sub.2 and R.

Abstract: A coating composition which comprises a binder consisting of a mixture of a polyester with an aminoplast, a low-molecular weight precursor of said aminoplast or a mixture thereof; water; an organic auxiliary solvent; and optional conventional adjuvants; wherein the auxiliary solvent consists of 10-100% by weight of 1,4-bis (hydroxymetyl)cyclohexane. When baked, the cyclohexane compound is incorporated into the resultant coating.

Abstract: In a process for the production of polyvinyl chloride based powders suitable for plastisol preparation, wherein such powders are obtained by:Polymerization in aqueous emulsion in the presence of water-soluble catalyst or by polymerization in microsuspension in the presence of oil-soluble catalysts;Addition of an additive material; andSpray-drying;An improvement comprises spray-drying at least one such additive in the liquid phase concurrently with the dispersion.This improvement enables production of powders containing the additives homogenously distributed therein, even when the additives are immiscible in the dispersion or cause the dispersion to coagulate if added thereto.

Abstract: An improvement in the liquid phase air oxidation process based upon a solvent system such as acetic acid and with a bromine activated heavy-metal catalyst system for preparing phthalic, isophthalic and terephthalic acids from their corresponding alkyl benzenes wherein the heavy metal is a soluble cobalt compound and sufficient excess of air is introduced so that the waste gas still contains an excess of oxygen.

Abstract: The production of polyester amides based on dicarboxylic acids and/or the esters thereof, primary diamines, and polyhydric alcohols and/or aminocarboxylic acids or lactams, by poly-condensing the mixture under heating in the presence of water, while distilling off the volatile components, and recondensation under reduced pressure is improved so that colorless polyester amides are produced. In a first stage a monomer mixture is preliminarily condensed in the presence of about 3 - 20 percent of water, based on the sum total of the polyamide-forming components, under a pressure of about 14 - 25 bars, at temperatures of about 200.degree. - 300.degree. C and for a time period of about 4 - 12 hours. In a second stage, the mixture is completely condensed, after removal of the water, under a reduced pressure of about 0.01 - 100 mbar at temperatures of about 230.degree. - 300.degree. C and for a period of time of about 1 - 12 hours.

Abstract: Liquid, highly pigmentable coating compositions containing little or no solvent and which are suitable for spray coating employ a binder consisting either ofA. 45-10% by weight of an aminoplast, a low-molecular weight precursor thereof, or a mixture thereof, andB. 55-90% of an at least bifunctional polyester, or a mixture thereof, having predominantly hydroxy end groups, a degree of condensation of between 2.5 and 10.5 and a molecular weight of up to 1,000, and prepared by condensing an alcohol component consisting of 0-30 molar percent of one or more 3-6 carbon atom polyols having 3-4 hydroxy groups and 100-70 molar percent of a mixture of diols consisting of 33-90 molar percent of ethylene glycol and 67-10 molar percent of 1,2-propanediol, or a condensation product of A and B.

Abstract: Aqueous coating compositions comprising a water-soluble or water-dispersible resin prepared by at least partially neutralizing with a basic compound an addition product of an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated dicarboxylic compound and a butadiene polymer which has a number average molecular weight of 400-10,000 and contains 40-75% cis-1,4-bonds, 15% or less trans-1,4-bonds and 20-50% 1,2-bonds in the butadiene units forming the polymer chain.

Abstract: A process for producing foam-shaped pieces having a poreless and smooth surface from particulate expandable styrene polymer which comprises the steps of heating not prefoamed particles of expandable styrene polymer to a temperature between 100.degree. and 170.degree. C. under a pressure of between 3 and 30 bar to cause melting of the polymer cooling the melt polymer to temperatures of about 10.degree. to 40.degree. C. above the softening point of the styrene polymer, enlarging the capacity of the mold in which the particles are melted, expanding the resulting mold melt material without supplementary external delivery of heat and thereafter cooling the mold to about ambient temperature followed by removal of the shaped foamed piece.

Abstract: Sheets produced by the extrusion of a mixture of about 85 - 95 percent by weight of polystyrene or semi-impact-resistant polystyrene and about 5 - 15 percent by weight of a diene-styrene block copolymer having the structure S-B-S wherein S represents the styrene structure and B represents the butadiene or isoprene structure are used for the manufacture of molded articles in the vacuum-forming or thermoforming method.

Abstract: Polyolefin rubber compositions which are readily heat-sealable are provided by the addition of 5-100 parts by weight, based on the polyolefin elastomer, of a propylene polymer uniformly admixed therewith prior to vulcanization which is selected from the group consisting of polypropylene and copolymers of propylene with up to 20% by weight of ethylene, butene-1 or hexene-1 which polymer has a heptane-extractable portion of 5-60%, and I-value measured according to DIN 53 728 of 100-600 cm.sup.3 /g. and a yield point measured according to DIN 53 735 of 10-30 N/mm.sup.2.

Abstract: A process for the production of a thermoplastic composition comprising a homogeneous blend of(i) 100 parts by weight of a saturated or unsaturated polyolefin elastomer having a green polymer tensile strength of at least 20 kp./cm.sup.2 at 25.degree. C. and a viscosity of 20-150 Mooney units (ML.sub.1+4 at 100.degree. C.) and(ii) 25-900 parts by weight of bitumen, which comprises:(a) admixing bitumen with said elastomer in a kneader at a temperature of about 50.degree.-220.degree. C. for about 1-100 minutes to form a viscous homogeneous composition;(b) cooling the resultant composition to minimize the adhesion to the inner wall and rotor of the kneader; and(c) ejecting at least 95% of the cooled composition from the kneader.

Abstract: Crude 1,10-decanedicarboxylic acid produced by the nitric acid oxidation at 20.degree.14 60.degree. C. of cyclododecanone, cyclododecanol or a mixture thereof can be purified by distillation to a purity suitable for use in the production of polyamides and polyesters by reducing prior to distillation, e.g., by heating to 70.degree.-90.degree. C., the organically bound nitrogen content and as required the nitric acid content, e.g., by washing, and water content thereof so that the sample which is distilled has maximum contents thereof of 0.05%, 0.02% and 0.1% by weight, respectively, and distilling the pre-purified sample at a sump temperature of 215.degree.-225.degree. C. and at a pressure of 0.5 - 2 torr.

Abstract: Method for the recovery of cobalt as cobalt hydrocarbonyl from a water mono- or diacid, cobalt salt solution which is obtained from the cobalt removal from oxo alcohols, preferably after the addition of higher olefins. These solutions are treated with carbon monoxide and hydrogen under high pressure and high temperature in the presence of an organic solvent wherein the water, mono- or diacid cobalt solutions are treated with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of butanol, in which the butanol to solution ratio ranges from 1:2 through 1:5 at a temperature of between about 140.degree. C to 200.degree. C and a pressure of between about 100 and 300 atmospheres in a homogenous phase followed by cooling between about 0.degree. C and 110.degree. C and separation of the butanol-cobalt hydrocarbonyl phase from the water phase.

Abstract: A process for cooling a polymerization reaction of compounds in a dispersion and/or solution involves evaporation of one or more liquids contained in the dispersion and/or solution, condensation of the vapors in a reflux condenser, and recycling of the thus-condensed vapors into the reactor, together with the use of a controllable flow of coolant which is introduced into the reflux condenser jacket. In this process the amount of heat given off during condensation serves as the control variable for a controller for controlling the input of cooling medium for the reflux condenser.