Abstract: An abrasive material is prepared from a starting material comprised of a spent metallic catalyst on an alumina carrier by melting the starting material with a reducing agent to obtain a melt consisting of a melt component including the alumina on an alloy residue, cooling the melt at a speed correlated with a desired crystallite size of the abrasive material to be obtained, and mechanically separating the melt component from the alloy residue before or after solidification, the melt component constituting the abrasive material.

Abstract: Polylaurolactam powder coating compositions for the coating of metals at high temperatures are obtained by grinding low molecular weight and brittle polylaurolactam with subsequent condensation by heating of the powder to temperatures of below its melting point.A. for the production of pigment free polylaurolactam powders, the low molecular weight granules are ground at temperatures of between 0.degree. and 45.degree. C. which have a relative viscosity of between 1.25 and 1.45 (measured in a 0.5 percent m-cresol solution at 25.degree. C.) and have been produced by the polymerization of laurolactam in the presence of 2 - 10 percent by weight of water, 0.3 - 0.7 percent by weight of phosphoric acid at temperatures of between 265.degree. and 300.degree. C. in the absence of chain stabilizers under internal pressure, with subsequent granulating, and extraction between 25.degree. and 70.degree. C. with methanol or ethanol. The subsequent condensation is conducted at temperatures of between 140.degree. C.

Abstract: Textile fibers and articles having increased dye affinity are prepared by spinning a mixture of 85-97% by weight of poly(ethylene terephthalate) or poly(1,4-cyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate) and 3-15% by weight of poly(ethylene dodecanedioate) and aftertreating the spun threads in a conventional spun threads in a conventional way.

Abstract: A process for the production of pol-(butylene terephthalate) of sufficiently high molecular weight for subsequent extrusion processing without the need of a solid phase post-condensation and at polycondensation pressures greater than now in general use. Polycondensation is carried out in the presence of small amounts of copolymers of an .alpha.-olefin or styrene with free or esterified maleic acid or anhydride.

Abstract: Pourable elastomer-filler mixtures, optionally containing plasticizer oil, are prepared by an improved process, the process comprising mixing an aqueous emulsion of an elastomer solution with an aqueous dispersion of a filler(s); introducing this mixture into water containing a precipitant(s); precipitating the elastomer-filler mixture while simultaneously removing the elastomer solvent by distillation; separating the thus-precipitated elastomer-filler mixture from the water; and drying the elastomer mixture under constant agitation; and the improvement comprising:Initially emulsifying the elastomer solution in water in the presence of a combination of:(a) 0.01 - 1.0% by weight of an anionic emulsifier, based on the weight of the elastomer solution;(b) 0.001 - 0.1% by weight of a nonionic protective colloid, based on the weight of the elastomer solution; and(c) 0.001 - 0.

Abstract: Aqueous dispersions of homo- and co-polymers of vinyl chloride are freed of residual monomer in a continuous manner by mixing the dispersion with steam in a first flow pipe maintained at reduced pressure; degasifying the mixture to a first degasification vessel maintained at a lower pressure; again mixing the degassed mixture with steam in a second flow pipe, also maintained at reduced pressure and having fluid flow diverting means therein; and then again degasifying the mixture in a second degasification vessel maintained at a lower pressure than the second flow pipe.

Abstract: A process for the production of cyclic esters of undecanedioic acid with aliphatic diols comprising thermolyzing the corresponding linear polyesters derived from said acid and said diols under reduced pressure at temperatures of 200.degree.-300.degree. C in the presence of organotin and phosphonate catalysts, wherein the organotin catalyst is of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are alkyl of 1-18 carbon atoms, or aryl or aralkyl each of 6-36 carbon atoms, and the phosphonate is O,O-dialkyl-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-phosphonate, the alkyl groups of which each contain 2-18 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An improved process for the aqueous emulsion polymerization of vinyl chloride to be spray-dried and thus form paste-yielding polymers wherein the polymerization is conducted in an emulsion containing at least 45% by weight of monomers together with an emulsifying amount of alkali metal fatty acid salts of 8-18 carbon atoms at a pH of 9.5-11.5, and wherein the pH is reduced to a value between 6 and 7.5 prior to spray-drying or to a value between 4 and 7.5 during the spray-drying step.

Abstract: Nonflammable molding compositions consisting of:1. a thermoplastic, saturated linear polyester;2. a triarylphosphine oxide or an aryl or alkyl ester of an arylphosphinic acid;3. a nuclear-brominated alkylbenzene;4. customary auxiliary agents and additives; and containing, based on (1) through (4), 0.5 - 10% by weight of bromine and 0.1 - 2% by weight of phosphorus.

Abstract: A process for the purification of crude alkylate from the Friedel-Crafts alkylation of aromatics comprises introducing anhydrous ammonia under anhydrous conditions into the crude alkylate(a) at a temperature of 40.degree.-70.degree. C, preferably 50.degree.-60.degree. C;(b) to a pH of 7-9, preferably 7.5-8.5; and(c) at a pressure of 0.4-25 bars, preferably 2-5 bars. During the introduction of ammonia, the crude alkylate can be agitated.

Abstract: The amount of formic acid ester produced by the Oxo Process is reduced and the amount of alcohol is increased when the reaction product of said process, in contact with a copper/nickel supported catalyst, is subjected to elevated temperatures. Such catalysts are also useful for the conversion, by hydrogenation, of formyl esters to their corresponding alcohols.

Abstract: In an improved process for the production of carboxylic acid esters by catalytic oxidation of alcohols in the liquid phase, primary alcohols of 1-4 carbon atoms are oxidized with molecular oxygen at temperatures of about 100.degree.-250.degree. C. in the presence of catalytic amounts of a compound of Co, Mn, Cr, or Fe, and an acid having a first dissociation constant K.sub.1 greater than 10.sup.-3, dissolved in the reaction mixture.

Abstract: Straight-chain, primary alcohols are prepared by reacting straight-chain 1-bromoalkanes having 6 to 20 carbon atoms with alkali salts of monocarboxylic acids having 4 to 22 carbon atoms in the presence of 1 to 10 mole percent of monocarboxylic acids or alcohols based upon the alkali salt of the carboxylic acid and at temperatures ranging from 150.degree. to 300.degree. C. The esters formed are saponified in alkaline medium to the straight-chain, primary alcohols and separated.

Abstract: Process for the production of gaseous hydrogen chloride by extraction of dilute aqueous hydrochloric acid with amines.(a) The aqueous hydrochloric acid is extracted with an amine or with a mixture of an amine and an inert organic solvent which is immiscible with water and has a lower boiling point than the amine employed, the amines utilized being tertiary alkyl amines, tertiary aryl dialkyl amines, secondary arylalkyl amines, primary alkylaryl amines, or mixtures thereof, which contain 14-32 carbon atoms in the nitrogen-bound side chains, and among these at most one nitrogen-bound methyl group and at least one aliphatic residue containing at least 6 carbon atoms, and wherein the acid constant K.sub.a of the amine is smaller than 10.sup.-3.(b) An inert, water-immiscible organic solvent which has a lower boiling point than the amine employed is added to the extract, unless the solvent has already been added in stage (a).

Abstract: Method for producing hexachlorocyclobutene from hexachlorobutadiene, wherein technical hexachlorobutadiene is rectified at a pressure of 2-10 mm Hg with a reflux ratio of 300-600, and the hexachlorobutadiene remaining in the sump during this procedure, after a heat treatment at 150.degree.-200.degree. C., is recycled into the rectifying column together with fresh, technical hexachlorobutadiene. The product rich in hexachlorocyclobutene, withdrawn overhead, is optionally subjected to a fractional crystallization.

Abstract: The rheological properties of paste-formable, powdered polymerizates produced by polymerizing vinyl chloride or a mixture of vinyl chloride and a copolymerizable monomer in an aqueous emulsion in the presence of a water-soluble catalyst and an alkali metal salt of a fatty acid as the polymerization emulsifier and spray drying the resultant polymerizate, are improved by treating the powdered polymerizate with a gas which forms an acid in an aqueous solution.

Abstract: Washing process for textiles in an automatic washing machine, with application of active washing substances, structural substances and bleaching agents, involving loading of the textiles in the washing machine, adding water, agitating the textiles in the washing solution, pumping off the washing solution, and sequential rinse cycles, wherein the following active substances or combination of active substances are maintained in pumpable form in separate containers and added to the mixture in pumpable form before or during the washing process:1. Active washing substances,2. Structural substances,3. A stabilized bleaching agent, if required,4. A catalyst which accelerates the bleaching process, if required, and5. A soft rinse agent, if required. After loading of the textiles to be laundered, the water is added in the ratio of 1:4 to 1:30 of kg. dry textile to liters water, 0.5 to 3.5 g of active washing substances per liter washing mixture are added, 2 to 6.

Abstract: Cyclic esters of dodecanedioic acid with aliphatic diols of 2-12 carbon atoms in the chain and substituted by up to two alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms, are produced by thermolysis of corresponding linear polyesters under reduced pressure in the presence of catalysts by subjecting the linear polyesters to thermolysis at temperatures between 200.degree. and 300.degree. C., and by utilizing as catalyst a tin(II) salt of an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid of up to 18 carbon atoms, of an aromatic or araliphatic monocarboxylic acid of up to 36 carbon atoms, of an aliphatic or aromatic hydroxy-, poly-, ketocarboxylic acid or of a dicarboxylic acid of up to 18 carbon atoms; or a mixture of an organotin compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are alkyl of 1-18 carbon atoms, or aryl or aralkyl of 6-36 carbon atoms, and an O,O-dialkyl-(3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-phosphonate wherein each alkyl is of 2-18 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An improvement in the process of melt spinning ethylene terephthalate polyester to produce textile fibers with decreased pilling in the threads, fibers or fabrics made therefrom. The ethylene terephthalate is melt polymerized in the presence of a condensation catalyst to a final temperature of about 250.degree.-300.degree. C and a final pressure of less than 10 mm mercury to form an anhydrous melt. A vinyl copolymer having more than two carboxyl and/or hydroxyl groups is added to the melt polymerization at a concentration of about 0.005 to 2.0 percent referred to the dicarboxylic acid component. Melt spinning of the modified polyester is then carried out. The vinyl copolymer has the following general formula- ##STR1## where N IS AN INTEGER FROM 10 TO 10,000;a is zero or an integer from 1 to 100;b is an integer from 1 to 100;R.sup.1 through R.sup.6 are hydrogen, an alkyl group with 1 to 3 carbon atoms or an oxalkyl group -OR.sup.7 ;R.sup.

Abstract: Spread-coating compositions for improving the surface properties of paper comprising an aqueous dispersion of a styrene/butadiene-polymer, and from about 2% to about 30% by weight of total polymeric solids of polyethylene oxides of a molecular weight of from about 6,000 to about 50,000.