Abstract: A process for cooling a polymerization reaction of compounds in a dispersion and/or solution involves evaporation of one or more liquids contained in the dispersion and/or solution, condensation of the vapors in a reflux condenser, and recycling of the thus-condensed vapors into the reactor, together with the use of a controllable flow of coolant which is introduced into the reflux condenser jacket. In this process the amount of heat given off during condensation serves as the control variable for a controller for controlling the input of cooling medium for the reflux condenser.

Abstract: Method for the recovery of cobalt as cobalt hydrocarbonyl from a water mono- or diacid, cobalt salt solution which is obtained from the cobalt removal from oxo alcohols, preferably after the addition of higher olefins. These solutions are treated with carbon monoxide and hydrogen under high pressure and high temperature in the presence of an organic solvent wherein the water, mono- or diacid cobalt solutions are treated with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of butanol, in which the butanol to solution ratio ranges from 1:2 through 1:5 at a temperature of between about 140.degree. C to 200.degree. C and a pressure of between about 100 and 300 atmospheres in a homogenous phase followed by cooling between about 0.degree. C and 110.degree. C and separation of the butanol-cobalt hydrocarbonyl phase from the water phase.

Abstract: Abrasive granules are produced from alumina or an alumina-zirconia mixture by melting the oxide material and rapidly cooling the melt. To control the solidification velocity, the melt is cast into a molten chloride of Na, Ca, Ba, Mg or mixtures thereof to cool the oxide material melt, the chloride is separated from the cooled and solidified oxide material, and thereafter abrasive granules are produced from the solidified oxide material.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the withdrawal of samples from a reaction vessel under pressure containing a solid-liquid dispersion, emulsion, or suspension sensitive to mechanical stress, wherein a portion of the liquid consists of a liquefied gas present in the emulsion, dispersion, or suspension in a dissolved or emulsified form, as for example, the withdrawal of samples during the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride in accordance with the suspension or emulsion method. A syringe and cannula combination are filled with an inert protective fluid with the cannula being passed through a valve arrangement in the reaction vessel to eject the protective fluid thereinto and to replace the ejected fluid with a sample from the reaction vessel. The sample-containing syringe is sealed before withdrawal of the cannula of the combination from the reaction vessel, which is again sealed by the valve arrangement.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process and apparatus for the cooling of polymerization charges in emulsion, suspension, solution, and bulk polymerizations in connection with incompletely filled polymerization reactors or vessels having capacities of 40 m.sup.3 or greater and thermal loads of more than 500,000 kcal/h with the aid of a reflux condenser or cooler which is in communication with the gas space of a polymerization vessel.

Abstract: A rare earth metal salt containing fluorine ions is separated from an acidic solution of the salt in the presence of an amount of boric acid sufficient to sequester the fluorine ions whereby the fluorine ions are bound in the solution and fluorine-free rare earth metal salt is recovered from the solution.

Abstract: The brightness of a cerium oxide is improved by adding a boron compound to a cerium salt or a mixture of cerium salts, and the calcining the mixture in the presence of air in a conventional manner.

Abstract: Method for the production of ethylbenzene by the dehydrogenation of cycloolefins containing 8 carbon atoms and two double bonds in the presence of aromatization catalysts. The cycloolefin ring contains 6 carbon atoms and at least one double bond. These cycloolefins are treated at temperatures of about 20.degree. - 150.degree. C and under pressures of about 0.8 - 2 atmospheres with an aromatization catalyst containing 5 - 25 percent by weight of an alkali metal and 75 - 95 percent by weight of aluminum oxide as the support.

Abstract: Butene-1 optionally in the presence of up to 10% by weight of propene or like comonomer, is polymerized in excess butene-1 or liquid C.sub.4 fraction at 60.degree.-120.degree. C. to form a polybutene suitable for forming transparent films by employing as the polymerization catalyst (a) TiCl.sub.3 . nAlCl.sub.3 (n = 0.2 to 0.6) and (b) a mixture of 85 - 99.9 molar percent of dialkyl aluminum monochloride and 0.1 - 15 molar percent of trialkyl aluminum.

Abstract: The properties of elastomeric vulcanizates are improved by compounding an elastomer prior to vulcanization with a polydodecenamer reinforcing resin derived from cyclododecene and cyclododecadiene and vulcanizing the compounded elastomer.

Abstract: Additives for textile hot melt adhesives based on copolyamides comprising, based on the total weight of copolyamide:A. 0.05 - 2 percent by weight of at least one acid amide of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R represents a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group of 12-20 carbon atoms, R.sub.1 represents an alkyl group of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, andn represents an integer of between 3 and 6; andB. 0.05 - 2 percent by weight of a mixture of differently condensed aminoalkyl phenols of the general formula ##STR2## wherein N' CAN ASSUME THE VALUE OF 0.5 - 2,m can assume the value of 2 - 6, andR' represent an aliphatic hydrocarbon group of 8-10 carbon atoms which is in the ortho- or para-position with respect to the OH-group.

Abstract: Films, sheets, molded components and parts of other shaped articles formed from a plastomer or elastomer are bonded together or to a substrate employing as an adhesive an adhesive composition heated to 50.degree.-250.degree. C. and consisting essentially of:A. 5-95% by weight of solid or semi-solid atactic poly-.alpha.-olefin or mixture of poly-.alpha.-olefins having a reduced specific viscosity of 0.05-5.0 dl./g.;B. 95-5% by weight of liquid atactic polyolefin or mixture of polyolefins having a viscosity of 150-1,000,000 cp./20.degree. C.; andC. optionally, up to 50% by weight of filler.

Abstract: A method for extracting granular polyamides having at least 10 aliphatically bound carbon atoms per carbonamide group and a method for preparing polyamide powders from the extracted granular polyamides. The granular polyamides are extracted with dimethyl formamide at temperatures between about 70.degree. and 100.degree. C. The extracted granular polyamides are then dissolved in dimethyl formamide and the polyamide powders are formed by cooling the solution.

Abstract: A process for preparing salts of mono-esters of sulfosuccinic acid in which maleic acid, fumaric acid or maleic anhydride, especially maleic anhydride, is reacted with a fatty alcohol, an alkoxylated fatty alcohol or a fatty acid alkanolamide; and the butenedioic acid half ester so obtained is reacted with a finely powdered crystalline sulfite of an alkali or alkaline earth metal, by mechanically mixing and butenedioic acid half ester with said sulfite in the absence of water other than that present as water of crystallization in the crystalline sulfite, to yield the desired salt of a mono-ester of sulfosuccinic acid in a solid granular form.

Abstract: 7,8-Epoxy-2-methyloctadecane is economically prepared by a metathesis reaction of 7-methyl-1-octene and 1-dodecene to form 2-methyl-7-octadecene which is then epoxidized to give the desired product.

Abstract: Agglomerated vanadium oxides of the formula V.sub.2 O.sub.x, wherein x is between 3.8 and 4.6, are prepared by thermally decomposing ammonium polyvanadate at 600.degree.-900.degree. C and permitting the resultant solid decomposition products and reducing gases to react. The reducing gases displace the air and/or scavenging gas in the reaction zone.

Abstract: Polylauryllactam having a low fisheye gel content, containing about 0.01 - 1.5 percent by weight of compounds of the general formula ##STR1## wherein Y is a sulfur or oxygen atom or an NH-group, based on the weight of polylauryllactam.

Abstract: Tartaric acid is produced by epoxidizing acid calcium maleate with aqueous hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a tungstic acid-containing catalyst to produce sparingly soluble acid calcium cis-epoxysuccinic acid, which is suspended in a solvent medium comprising an organic solvent or a mixture of organic solvent and water and treated with sulphuric acid. Calcium sulphate is formed and separated and the liberated organic acids consisting essentially of epoxysuccinic acid are then hydrolyzed in an aqueous medium to form tartaric acid. The organic solvent may be one in which epoxysuccinic acid is soluble and may be immiscible or miscible with water. If the solvent is imiscible with water the epoxysuccinic acid may be transferred to the aqueous medium in which it is hydrolyzed by liquid-liquid extraction.

Abstract: Polyolefin rubber is coated with an isocyanate-curing varnish whose binder is a mixture of (a) a saturated oligoester resin containing hydroxyl groups and having a molecular weight of 250-3,500 and whose alcohol component is at least difunctional and 20-100 mole percent of which is 1,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexane; and (b) a di- or poly-functional isocyanate or mixture thereof, wherein the ratio of isocyanate groups of the isocyanate to the hydroxyl groups of the oligoester resins is about 0.75 : 1 to 1 : 1, by pre-treating the vulcanized rubber article with a strong oxidizing agent or by irradiation with ultraviolet light.

Abstract: Homopolymers of butadiene having a vinyl content which varies substantially and decreasingly along the longitudinal axis of the macromolecule toward an end thereof are produced by conducting an organolithium-Lewis base catalyzed polymerization at a substantially constantly increasing polymerization temperature throughout the polymerization.