Abstract: A method for treating water to remove sulfate from the water, when the sulfate is present in the water in an amount of at least 500 ppm, the method including combining a calcium precipitant and an aluminum precipitant together with the water, reacting the calcium precipitant and the aluminum precipitant with the sulfate in the water to form sulfate precipitates, and removing the sulfate precipitates from the water to provide purified water.

Abstract: Methods of treating aqueous systems with treatment compositions including non-triazole compounds are provided that are effective to inhibit corrosion of corrodible metal surfaces in the aqueous systems. The non-triazole compounds show comparable or better corrosion inhibition as compared to conventional triazole corrosion inhibitors, and have low toxicity and good stability in the presence of halogens such as halogen-containing biocides or free chlorine.

Abstract: Methods for treating a water system to prevent scaling. The water system includes water that is prone to scaling and that is processed to remove an organic contaminant with a GAC system and/or an IX system. Antiscalant compositions can be selected to reduce the amount of antiscalant that is adsorbed or otherwise removed in the contaminant removal system so that a sufficient amount of antiscalant composition remains in the water stream.

Abstract: Methods are described that reduce the amount of organic matter in water, including reducing an amount of total organic carbon in water. The method includes adding powder activated carbon to the water; mixing the powder activated carbon in the water; and separating the powder activated carbon from the water. Also described are a method for reducing glycol content in water containing glycols, and a method for reducing glycol content in a steel mill wastewater stream containing glycols.

Abstract: A method for forming a protective antioxidative barrier on the furnace electrodes using a chemically altered cooling liquid containing an antioxidant additive. This method can be applied to electrodes used in electric arc furnaces and ladle metallurgy furnaces. The method can involve spraying the cooling liquid onto the electrode, thereby forming the protective antioxidative barrier and reducing the oxidation of the electrode.

Abstract: Methods for reducing an amount of calcium carbonate deposited on a surface of an offline condenser in a cooling system of a nuclear power plant, which include filling the offline condenser with a mixture comprising water and acetic acid and pumping the mixture through the offline condenser so as to contact the deposited calcium carbonate with the acetic acid. An amount of the acetic acid in the mixture is 1 to 25 wt %, and a temperature of the mixture is in a range of 10 to 50° C.

Abstract: Systems and methods for cooling a graphite furnace electrode with manufactured spray cooling water for high-temperature furnace electrodes. The manufactured spray cooling water can be engineered to have desired properties and/or components that improve sidewall oxidation losses. The manufactured spray cooling water can be produced by modifying a water source that is used to cool the electrodes to provide a more pure water and optionally adding an additive to the more purified water.

Abstract: A method for forming a protective antioxidative barrier on the furnace electrodes using a chemically altered cooling liquid containing an antioxidant additive. This method can be applied to electrodes used in electric arc furnaces and ladle metallurgy furnaces. The method can involve spraying the cooling liquid onto the electrode, thereby forming the protective antioxidative barrier and reducing the oxidation of the electrode.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described for evaluating the coverage of cooling water that is sprayed onto the surface of a graphite furnace electrode. The surface of the electrode can be sprayed with cooling water that includes an additive, and the sprayed surface can be visually inspected or imaged to assess the cooling water coverage of the electrode surface. One or more corrective measures can be taken to improve the spray coverage if it is deemed to be inadequate.

Abstract: A method for treating water to remove a target analyte that includes adding to the water a rare earth metal salt and a coagulant, and then removing the target analyte from the water. The treatment composition can be added as a blend that includes the coagulant and the rare earth metal salt.

Abstract: A method for treating acidic water in an industrial processing system that has a pH of less than 5. The method includes treating the acidic water with a chemical treatment comprising micronized calcium carbonate in order to react an acid in the acidic water and the micronized calcium carbonate, and aerating the treated water to facilitate the chemical reaction so to raise the pH of the aerated water to a target pH of 5.5 or more.

Abstract: A method for treating water to remove a target analyte that includes adding to the water a rare earth metal salt and a coagulant, and then removing the target analyte from the water. The treatment composition can be added as a blend that includes die coagulant and the rare earth metal salt.

Abstract: Systems and methods for applying a volatized chemical treatment solution to a combustion chamber in a boiler system while the system is online. The method includes measuring a combustion parameter, determining in real time a dosage of the volatized chemical treatment solution based on the measured combustion parameter, and applying the volatized chemical treatment solution to the combustion chamber based on the determined dosage.

Abstract: Methods are described for treating fly ash sludge that includes calcium sulfate and/or calcium sulfite to selectively capture fly ash. The methods include treating the slurry with a first flocculant that selectively captures fly ash in the slurry relative to the calcium sulfate and/or calcium sulfite in the slurry, or alternatively selectively captures the calcium sulfate and/or calcium sulfite in the slurry relative to the fly ash, and clarifying the treated slurry to provide (i) a stream that includes relatively higher amounts of the calcium sulfate and/or calcium sulfate as compared to the slurry, and (ii) a stream that includes relatively higher amounts of the fly ash as compared to the slurry. Further processing of the stream that is enriched in fly ash can provide a high-purity fly ash product.

Abstract: A method for cooling furnace electrodes using a cooling liquid containing surfactants. This method can be applied to electrodes used in electric arc furnaces and ladle metallurgy furnaces. The method can involve spraying the cooling liquid onto the electrode, thereby lowering the temperature of the electrode and reducing electrode consumption.

Abstract: The reaction of sodium hypochlorite with sodium bromide is slow, and commonly only part of the bromide is converted to hypobromite. Methods to accelerate the reaction by adding a regulated amount of acid to a solution comprising bleach and bromide are provided, whereby the yield of hypobromite can be increased. The amount of acid added can be predetermined based on the content of a base in the bleach, and acid can be added to neutralize the base. The amount of acid added can be based on a measured parameter of the reaction that is indicative of reaction kinetics. For example, the amount of acid can be actively controlled by measuring pH, absorbance of visible or near Ultraviolet light, or temperature of the reacting solution and adjusting acid.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for generating stabilized oxidants using a stabilizer composition and an in situ generated oxidant in a water system. The method includes mixing the stabilizer composition and the in situ generated oxidant with water to form a liquid treatment composition, and then adding the liquid treatment composition to a water stream in the water system, the liquid treatment composition improving the efficacy of the in situ generated oxidant in the water stream.

Abstract: Non-triazole compounds are provided that can be effective to inhibit corrosion of a corrodible metal surface in an aqueous system. The non-triazole compounds show comparable or better corrosion inhibition as compared to conventional triazole corrosion inhibitors, and have low toxicity and good stability in the presence of halogens such as halogen-containing biocides or free chlorine.

Abstract: A method includes varying at least one condition of water in a water system while (i) measuring an amount of deposit control agent (DCA) in the water to detect a change in the amount of DCA in the water; and (ii) measuring scaling in the water system to detect a change in the amount of scaling; and correlating the detected change in the measured amount of DCA with the detected change in scaling in the water in order to predict and monitor the onset of scaling.

Abstract: Methods are described that reduce the amount of organic matter in water, including reducing an amount of total organic carbon in water. The method includes adding powder activated carbon to the water; mixing the powder activated carbon in the water; and separating the powder activated carbon from the water. Also described are a method for reducing glycol content in water containing glycols, and a method for reducing glycol content in a steel mill wastewater stream containing glycols.