Abstract: Methods and systems are described for treating water in a water system that includes a biofilm with acid-producing bacteria. The biofilm can be treated, reduced, or eliminated by adding chlorite to the water and reacting the chlorite with acid generated by the acid-producing bacteria to form chlorine dioxide. The chlorine dioxide is thus formed in situ localized to the biofilm, and can be effective to kill bacteria in the biofilm.

Abstract: A method for forming a protective antioxidative barrier on the furnace electrodes using a chemically altered cooling liquid containing an antioxidant additive. This method can be applied to electrodes used in electric arc furnaces and ladle metallurgy furnaces. The method can involve spraying the cooling liquid onto the electrode, thereby forming the protective antioxidative barrier and reducing the oxidation of the electrode.

Abstract: A method and system for cleaning a beverage filler. The method and system includes storing a cleaning solution, and delivering the cleaning solution to the filler via a nozzle arrangement configured to distribute the cleaning solution to clean a portion of the filler. The cleaning solution is delivered to the filler during online operation of the filler.

Abstract: Methods are described that reduce the amount of organic matter in water, including reducing an amount of total organic carbon in water. The method includes adding powder activated carbon to the water; mixing the powder activated carbon in the water; and separating the powder activated carbon from the water. Also described are a method for reducing glycol content in water containing glycols, and a method for reducing glycol content in a steel mill wastewater stream containing glycols.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are described that remove chlorine from a chlorine-containing gas stream. The method includes adding a carbonate salt and optionally a scale inhibitor to a scrubbing liquid in a wet scrubbing system, and contacting the chlorine-containing gas with the scrubbing liquid. The amount of carbonate salt that is added can vary depending on the pH of the scrubbing liquid.

Abstract: Methods for treating water containing a target anion to remove the target anion can include preparing a treatment composition solution that contains a metal treatment agent, adjusting the treatment composition solution to a first pH that is alkaline and then to a second pH that is acidic, and contacting the treatment composition solution with the water that contains the target anion.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described for providing improved food processing systems by treating wash water in a wash stage of the food processing system with a biocide. Sufficient biocide may be added to significantly reduce the levels of bacteria in the wash stage, which can prevent problems associated with bacteria in downstream processes.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for treating water containing a target anion to remove the target anion. The methods can include preparing a treatment composition solution that contains a metal treatment agent, adjusting the treatment composition solution to a first pH that is alkaline and then to a second pH that is acidic, and contacting the treatment composition solution with the water that contains the target anion.

Abstract: A method for cooling furnace electrodes using a cooling liquid containing surfactants. This method can be applied to electrodes used in electric arc furnaces and ladle metallurgy furnaces. The method can involve spraying the cooling liquid onto the electrode, thereby lowering the temperature of the electrode and reducing electrode consumption.

Abstract: Methods and systems for detecting and quantifying film forming amines in water systems are described. Water containing a film forming amine is combined with a fluorescent dye, the pH of the water is reduced, and then the fluorescence signal of the fluorescent dye is measured. The fluorescence signal is indicative of the amount of film forming amine in the water, and can be used to quantify the amount of film forming amine and control the amount of film forming amine that is introduced into the water system.

Abstract: Methods and systems are disclosed for analyzing and treating a fluid containing a peroxyacid and/or peroxide. A method of analyzing the fluid includes introducing into the fluid a decomposition agent that catalyzes decomposition of the peroxyacid and/or peroxide into decomposition products including oxygen, then directly or indirectly measuring an amount of oxygen produced after introduction of the decomposition agent, and determining an amount of the peroxyacid and/or peroxide present in the fluid. The amount of peroxyacid and/or peroxide in the fluid can also be monitored and controlled by further adjusting the amount of the peroxyacid and/or peroxide in the fluid based on the determined amount thereof. A system for performing the methods includes a decomposition agent infusion device for introducing the decomposition agent into a fluid sample, and a sensor for directly or indirectly measuring an amount of oxygen produced after introduction of the decomposition agent.

Abstract: A method of suppressing corrosion of a corrodible metal surface that contacts a fluid stream in a hydrocarbon system. The method includes introducing into the fluid stream a treatment chemistry including an organometallic corrosion inhibitor having a metal and an organic carboxylic acid.

Abstract: A flue gas desulfurization (FGD) system in which a buffering additive feed directly adds a buffering additive containing acetic acid to either the FGD sump or a stream of the system that is downstream of the sump. In a method for performing flue gas desulfurization, the buffering additive, containing acetic acid, is added to either the sump or the overflow. That is, the buffering additive is added to the FGD system separately from the alkaline feed slurry, which contains lime or limestone.

Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling a chloramine synthesis reaction. The system includes at least one water pump configured to deliver a first water stream to a first junction where the first water stream is mixed with a first solution including an ammonium compound, and a second water stream to a second junction where the second water stream is mixed with a second solution including hypochlorite, a reaction chamber downstream of the first and second junctions which is configured to mix the first and second water streams in order to react the ammonium compound and the hypochlorite to form chloramine, an optical measurement device disposed upstream of the second junction, the optical measurement device configured to measure an absorbance of the hypochlorite in the second solution, and at least one controller programmed to determine a concentration of the hypochlorite in the second solution based on the measured absorbance.

Abstract: A method for forming a protective antioxidative barrier on the furnace electrodes using a chemically altered cooling liquid containing an antioxidant additive. This method can be applied to electrodes used in electric arc furnaces and ladle metallurgy furnaces. The method can involve spraying the cooling liquid onto the electrode, thereby forming the protective antioxidative barrier and reducing the oxidation of the electrode.

Abstract: Methods for removing a target selenium entity from fluids by treating the fluid with a rare earth impregnated media containing an immobilized rare earth. The methods including obtaining a contaminated fluid comprising water and dissolved selenate; contacting the feed fluid with a rare earth impregnated media for removal of at least a portion of the selenate from the feed fluid thereby forming a treated fluid comprising less selenium than the feed fluid.

Abstract: Methods and liquid compositions for stabilizing an oxidizing biocide in a water system. The liquid composition comprises a hydantoin, and a surfactant, a ratio of a concentration of the hydantoin to the surfactant in the liquid composition is in a range of 1:1 to 99:1 by volume. The method comprises mixing a hydantoin, a surfactant and an oxidizing biocide with water to form a liquid treatment composition, and then adding the liquid treatment composition to a water stream in the water system, the liquid treatment composition improving the efficacy of the oxidizing biocide in the water stream.

Abstract: A method for forming a protective antioxidative barrier on the furnace electrodes using a chemically altered cooling liquid containing an antioxidant additive. This method can be applied to electrodes used in electric arc furnaces and ladle metallurgy furnaces. The method can involve spraying the cooling liquid onto the electrode, thereby forming the protective antioxidative barrier and reducing the oxidation of the electrode.

Abstract: A flue gas desulfurization (FGD) system in which a buffering additive feed directly adds a buffering additive containing acetic acid to either the FGD sump or a stream of the system that is downstream of the sump. In a method for performing flue gas desulfurization, the buffering additive, containing acetic acid, is added to either the sump or the overflow. That is, the buffering additive is added to the FGD system separately from the alkaline feed slurry, which contains lime or limestone.

Abstract: A method for forming a protective antioxidative barrier on the furnace electrodes using a chemically altered cooling liquid containing an antioxidant additive. This method can be applied to electrodes used in electric arc furnaces and ladle metallurgy furnaces. The method can involve spraying the cooling liquid onto the electrode, thereby forming the protective antioxidative barrier and reducing the oxidation of the electrode.