Abstract: The reaction of sodium hypochlorite with sodium bromide is slow, and commonly only part of the bromide is converted to hypobromite. Methods to accelerate the reaction by adding a regulated amount of acid to a solution comprising bleach and bromide are provided, whereby the yield of hypobromite can be increased. The amount of acid added can be predetermined based on the content of a base in the bleach, and acid can be added to neutralize the base. The amount of acid added can be based on a measured parameter of the reaction that is indicative of reaction kinetics. For example, the amount of acid can be actively controlled by measuring pH, absorbance of visible or near Ultraviolet light, or temperature of the reacting solution and adjusting acid.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for inhibiting corrosion of metal surfaces in aggressive fluids, including fluids with high total dissolved solids content. The treatment composition can include a stannous corrosion inhibitor and optionally an additive that enhances the corrosion inhibition properties of the stannous component. The additive may include organic compounds having at least one heteroatom.

Abstract: A method for applying a chemical treatment to a process stream in an ethanol production/corn oil extraction system. The method includes applying the chemical treatment to the process stream before or during fermentation of an emulsified oil precursor product in the process stream to demulsify the emulsified oil precursor product, and extracting the demulsified oil from the emulsified oil precursor product.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described for evaluating the level of organic contaminants in water, and in particular water that is used as boiler feedwater in food processing facilities such as sugar factories. The method includes measuring at least one parameter of the water including pH, conductivity, and/or total organic carbon, and, based on the measured values, determining whether corrective action needs to be taken to reduce the levels of organic contaminants.

Abstract: Methods and systems of controlling odor in. water by adding a humic composition to the water. The humic composition cm adsorb or otherwise neutralize malodorous compounds such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and mercaptans. The methods are useful in food and. agricultural industries where the water may come in contact with food items.

Abstract: Methods for suppressing corrosion of a corrodible stainless steel surface that contacts a water stream in a water system. The method comprises introducing into the water stream a treatment composition, the treatment composition including a Tin(II) corrosion inhibitor and a hydroxycarboxylic acid promoter.

Abstract: A method of treating water to remove selenium and/or mercury that is dissolved in the water. The method includes adding an acid to the water to reduce the pH, adding a metal reagent to the water that is effective to reduce the selenium and/or mercury to a lower oxidation state, and then removing the reduced selenium and/or mercury from the water.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described for providing improved food processing systems by treating wash water in a wash stage of the food processing system with a biocide. Sufficient biocide may be added to significantly reduce the levels of bacteria in the wash stage, which can prevent problems associated with bacteria in downstream processes.

Abstract: A porous matrix substrate that has chlorite reactant distributed therein can be used to produce gaseous chlorine dioxide. Ozone-containing gas can pass through the porous matrix substrate and the ozone can react with the chlorite to produce chlorine dioxide.

Abstract: A method includes varying at least one condition of water in a water system while (i) measuring an amount of deposit control agent (DCA) in the water to detect a change in the amount of DCA in the water; and (ii) measuring scaling in the water system to detect a change in the amount of scaling; and correlating the detected change in the measured amount of DCA with the detected change in scaling in the water in order to predict and monitor the onset of scaling.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are described that remove chlorine from a chlorine-containing gas stream. The method includes adding a carbonate salt and optionally a scale inhibitor to a scrubbing liquid in a wet scrubbing system, and contacting the chlorine-containing gas with the scrubbing liquid. The amount of carbonate salt that is added can vary depending on the pH of the scrubbing liquid.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method for treating a water stream in a zero liquid discharge (ZLD) system and a ZLD system. The method includes contacting the water stream with a metal agent that reduces a nitrate contained therein to a nitrite, and introducing an amide into the water stream that reduces the nitrite to nitrogen to provide a treated water stream having a reduced nitrate concentration. The ZLD system includes a mix tank, an amide tank including an amide, and a crystallizer. The mix tank includes an inlet for receiving a water stream within the mix tank, and a container including a metal agent. The container is designed to allow the water stream to contact the metal agent. The amide tank is designed to direct the amide into the water stream, and the crystallizer is designed to receive the water stream from the mix tank.

Abstract: Systems and methods for applying a chemical treatment solution to a process stream in an industrial processing system while the system is online. The method includes measuring a real-time pH of the process stream, determining a dosage of the chemical treatment solution based on a relationship between the dosage and a scale saturation parameter that is calculated based on the real-time pH of the process stream, and controlling application of the chemical treatment solution to the process stream based on the determined dosage.

Abstract: Methods are described for monitoring biofouling in a closed water system. For example, a method includes adding nitrate to water circulating in the closed water system, and detecting whether nitrite is present in the water after adding the nitrate. Another method includes introducing chlorite into water circulating in the closed water system, the detecting the amount of chlorite present in the water; and at least one of (i) comparing the detected amount of chlorite to an expected amount of chlorite; and (ii) observing whether the amount of chlorite in the water decreases over time.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for removing calcite deposits by contacting polysuccinimide with water to dissolve the polysuccinimide and supplying the dissolved polysuccinimide to surfaces fouled with the calcite deposits. The pH of the water that dissolves the polysuccinimide can be adjusted based on the amount of calcium in the water. Adjusting the pH will affect the dissolution rate of the polysuccinimide in water and the rate of removal of the calcite deposits.

Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling a chloramine synthesis reaction. The system includes at least one water pump configured to deliver a first water stream to a first junction where the first water stream is mixed with a first solution including an ammonium compound, and a second water stream to a second junction where the second water stream is mixed with a second solution including hypochlorite, a reaction chamber downstream of the first and second junctions which is configured to mix the first and second water streams in order to react the ammonium compound and the hypochlorite to form chloramine, an optical measurement device disposed upstream of the second junction, the optical measurement device configured to measure an absorbance of the hypochlorite in the second solution, and at least one controller programmed to determine a concentration of the hypochlorite in the second solution based on the measured absorbance.

Abstract: A method for forming a protective antioxidative barrier on the furnace electrodes using a chemically altered cooling liquid containing an antioxidant additive. This method can be applied to electrodes used in electric arc furnaces and ladle metallurgy furnaces. The method can involve spraying the cooling liquid onto the electrode, thereby forming the protective antioxidative barrier and reducing the oxidation of the electrode.

Abstract: A method for applying a chemical treatment solution to a process stream in an industrial processing system while the system is online. The method includes measuring a mineral hardness and alkalinity of the process stream, determining a dosage of the chemical treatment solution based on a relationship between the dosage and a scale saturation parameter that is calculated based on the mineral hardness and the alkalinity of the process stream, and controlling application of the chemical treatment solution to the process stream based on the determined dosage.