Abstract: Supported chromium catalysts with an average valence less than +6 and having a hydrocarbon-containing or halogenated hydrocarbon-containing ligand attached to at least one bonding site on the chromium are disclosed, as well as ethylene-based polymers with terminal alkane, aromatic, or halogenated hydrocarbon chain ends. Another ethylene polymer characterized by at least 2 wt. % of the polymer having a molecular weight greater than 1,000,000 g/mol and at least 1.5 wt. % of the polymer having a molecular weight less than 1000 g/mol is provided, as well as an ethylene homopolymer with at least 3.5 methyl short chain branches and less than 0.6 butyl short chain branches per 1000 total carbon atoms.

Abstract: Methods for synthesizing a water-soluble titanium-silicon complex are disclosed herein. The titanium-silicon complex can be utilized to produce titanated solid oxide supports and titanated chromium supported catalysts. The titanated chromium supported catalysts subsequently can be used to polymerize olefins to produce, for example, ethylene based homopolymer and copolymers.

Abstract: Ethylene-based polymers having a density of 0.952 to 0.968 g/cm3, a ratio of HLMI/MI from 185 to 550, an IB parameter from 1.46 to 1.80, a tan ? at 0.1 sec?1 from 1.05 to 1.75 degrees, and a slope of a plot of viscosity versus shear rate at 100 sec?1 from 0.18 to 0.28 are described, with low melt flow versions having a HLMI from 10 to 30 g/10 min and a Mw from 250,000 to 450,000 g/mol, and high melt flow versions having a HLMI from 30 to 55 g/10 min and a Mw from 200,000 to 300,000 g/mol. These polymers have the processability of chromium-based resins, but with improved stress crack resistance and topload strength for bottles and other blow molded products.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are oligomerization processes in which ethylene and a catalyst system are first combined for a suitable residence time in an activation vessel, prior to introduction into a reaction zone to oligomerize ethylene to form a desired oligomer product, such as 1-hexene and/or 1-octene. Related oligomerization reaction systems that include the activation vessel also are disclosed. In these oligomerization processes and reaction systems, the catalyst system can be fully activated as it leaves the activation vessel and enters the reaction zone, thus providing greater catalyst utilization and less catalyst waste.

Abstract: Ethylene-based polymers are characterized by a melt index less than 1 g/10 min, a density from 0.94 to 0.965 g/cm3, a Mw from 100,000 to 250,000 g/mol, a relaxation time from 0.5 to 3 sec, and an average number of long chain branches (LCBs) per 1,000,000 total carbon atoms in a molecular weight range of 300,000 to 900,000 g/mol that is greater than that in a molecular weight range of 1,000,000 to 2,000,000 g/mol, or an average number of LCBs per 1,000,000 total carbon atoms in a molecular weight range of 1,000,000 to 2,000,000 g/mol of less than or equal to about 5 and a maximum ratio of ?E/3? at an extensional rate of 0.1 sec?1 from 1.2 to 10. These polymers have substantially no long chain branching in the high molecular weight fraction of the polymer, but instead have significant long chain branching in a lower molecular weight fraction, such that polymer melt strength and parison stability are maintained for the fabrication of blow molded products and other articles of manufacture.

Abstract: This disclosure provides new methods for the design and development of ethylene polymerization catalysts, including Group 4 metallocene catalysts such as zirconocenes, which are based on an improved ability to adjust co-monomer incorporation into the polymer. Computational analyses with and without dispersion corrections revealed that designing catalyst scaffolds which induce stabilizing non-covalent dispersion type interactions with incoming ?-olefin co-monomers can be used to modulate co-monomer selectivity into the polyethylene chain. Demonstrated herein is a lack of correlation of computed ??G‡ values against experimental ??G‡ values when the dispersion correction (D3BJ) was disabled, and B3LYP was used in the absence of Grimme's D3 dispersion and Becke-Johnson (BJ) dampening, but a correlation of computed against experimental ??G‡ with B3LYP+D3BJ, which are used to design new catalyst scaffolds.

Abstract: Methods for producing supported catalysts containing a transition metal and a bound zeolite base are disclosed. These methods employ a step of impregnating the bound zeolite base with the transition metal, fluorine, and high loadings of chlorine. The resultant high chlorine content supported catalysts have improved catalyst activity in aromatization reactions.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are ethylene-based polymers generally characterized by a melt index of less than 1 g/10 min, a density from 0.93 to 0.965 g/cm3, a CY-a parameter at 190° C. of less than 0.2, an average number of short chain branches per 1000 total carbon atoms of the polymer in a molecular weight range of 400,000 to 600,000 g/mol that is greater than that in a molecular weight range of 40,000 to 60,000 g/mol, and an average number of long chain branches per 1000 total carbon atoms of the polymer in a molecular weight range of 400,000 to 600,000 g/mol that is greater than that in a molecular weight range of 4,000,000 to 6,000,000 g/mol.

Abstract: Techniques and systems for reducing fouling in a polymerization system are described. The polymerization system includes a reactor coupled to a recycle system. The recycle system includes at least one fouling-susceptible unit. The technique includes inducing polymerization of a reactant, for example, at least one olefin monomer reactant, with a catalyst in the reactor. The technique may further include circulating a fluidizing stream through the reactor and the at least one fouling-susceptible unit. The fluidizing stream may include entrained particles tending to foul the at least one fouling-susceptible unit. The technique can further include contacting the fluidizing stream with a catalyst poison at at least one location upstream of the at least one fouling-susceptible unit in the recycle system.

Abstract: Methods for synthesizing a mercaptan compound include the steps of contacting a nickel-molybdenum catalyst with H2S at a sulfiding temperature of less than or equal to 235° C. to form a supported sulfur-containing catalyst, and then contacting an alcohol compound or an olefin compound, H2S, and the supported sulfur-containing catalyst to form a reaction mixture containing the mercaptan compound.

Abstract: This disclosure provides processes for reforming hydrocarbons by using a series of adiabatic reactors and catalysts, in which the catalyst(s) in at least one front or upstream catalyst bed or reactor includes a higher fluoride concentration, higher chloride concentration, or both than the respective halide concentrations in the catalysts in one or more downstream catalyst beds or reactors, which has been unexpectedly discovered to extend the useful life and/or the selectivity of the catalyst system.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to the production of chemicals and plastics using pyrolysis oil from the pyrolysis of plastic waste as a co-feedstock along with a petroleum-based, fossil fuel-based, or bio-based feedstock. In an aspect, the polymers and chemicals produced according to this disclosure can be certified under International Sustainability and Carbon Certification (ISCC) provisions as circular polymers and chemicals at any point along complex chemical reaction pathways. The use of a mass balance approach which attributes the pounds of pyrolyzed plastic products derived from pyrolysis oil to any output stream of a given unit has been developed, which permits ISCC certification agency approval.

Abstract: Processes for removing carbon disulfide from product streams containing a sulfide compound are performed by contacting the product stream with an alkanolamine and converting the carbon disulfide to a higher boiling point product, thereby reducing or eliminating carbon disulfide from the product stream. Subsequent removal of the higher boiling point product via distillation can lead to a purified sulfide stream with high purity.

Abstract: Isomerized olefin products are produced by contacting an olefin feed containing a C10 to C20 normal alpha olefin, a solid acid catalyst, and a C2 to C15 primary ester to form the isomerized olefin product. Typical primary esters used in the processes include formates and acetates. Linear olefin compositions are produced that contain at least 80 wt. % C10 to C20 linear internal olefins, less than 8 wt. % C10 to C20 normal alpha olefins, less than 8 wt. % dimers of C10 to C20 olefins, less than 15 wt. % C10 to C20 branched olefins, and at least 1 wt. % C2 to C15 primary ester and less than 8 wt. % secondary esters.

Abstract: Apparatuses and processes that produce multimodal polyolefins, and in particular, polyethylene resins, are disclosed herein. This is accomplished by using two reactors in series, where one of the reactors is a multi-zone circulating reactor that can circulate polyolefin particles through two polymerization zones optionally having two different flow regimes so that the final multimodal polyolefin has improved product properties and improved product homogeneity.

Abstract: A rotary feeder having a stationary, cylindrical housing having disposed therein a number of injection nozzles, and within which rotate a plurality of vanes about a central axis, wherein pairs of adjacent vanes of the plurality of vanes define wedge volumes, wherein the housing extends a width along the central axis, wherein each of the vanes has a length along the central axis, and wherein the injection nozzles are positioned across the width of the housing, such that a spray pattern of a gas injected via the number of injection nozzles spans substantially the entire length of the vanes.

Abstract: Polymerization processes and reactor systems for producing multimodal ethylene polymers are disclosed in which at least one loop reactor and at least one fluidized bed reactor are utilized. Configurations include a loop reactor in series with a fluidized bed reactor and two loop reactors in series with a fluidized bed reactor.

Abstract: Systems and methods for improved mixing, including baffle systems, reactor systems, and methods of using the same are provided herein. These baffle systems include a ring having an exterior surface defining an outer diameter and an outer circumference, an interior surface defining an inner diameter and an inner circumference, a top surface, a bottom surface, and an axis; and one or more substantially vertical baffles extending from the interior surface of the ring toward the axis.

Abstract: Methods for preparing a metallocene-based catalyst composition that can impact the long chain branching of ethylene homopolymers and copolymers produced using the catalyst composition are described. The catalyst composition can be prepared by contacting a metallocene compound, a hydrocarbon solvent, and a first organoaluminum compound for a first period of time to form a metallocene solution, and then contacting the metallocene solution with an activator-support and a second organoaluminum compound for a second period of time to form the catalyst composition.

Abstract: A polyolefin reactor flashline heater system may include an enclosure, a heating section, and a transformer. The heating section is contained in the enclosure and extends between a first end and a second end. The first end is fluidically coupled to a polyolefin reactor product inlet. The second end is fluidically coupled to a heated product outlet. One or more pipe sections are coupled in series between the first end and the second end. The one or more pipe sections are formed of an electrically conducting material and have a predetermined diameter to transport a polyolefin reactor stream from the first end to the second end. The transformer is electrically coupled to the first end and the second end and configured to heat the heating section by impedance heating. A polymerization system may include a polyolefin reactor coupled to the polyolefin reactor flashline heater system.