Abstract: Disclosed are methods for dehydrogenation of alkanes into alkenes in reactor systems of improved resistance to carburization under dehydrogenation conditions. The reactor walls are provided with a carburization and abrasion resistant protective layer by applying a metal plating, cladding or other coatings, such as painting, of a metal, such as Sb, As, Bi, Cu, Cr, Ga, Ge, In, Pb, Se, Te, Sn, particularly tin as a stannide layer, for forming a carburation resistant protective layer to a thickness of about 0.5 to 15 mils, effective to isolate the steel portion from hydrocarbons during the dehydrogenation process while avoiding any substantial liquid metal embrittlement. The protective layer is formed anchored to the steel portion through an intermediate carbide-rich bonding layer.

Abstract: Provided is a reforming process for producing a high purity benzene product using a non-acidic zeolitic catalyst. The high purity benzene is extracted from a light fraction of reformate that has less than 500 ppm by weight toluene. Generally, a hydrocarbon feed is reformed in a reformer under reforming conditions in the presence of a non-acidic catalyst to produce a reformate. That reformate is separated into a light fraction and a heavy fraction. The extraction unit, preferably an extractive distillation unit, is then used to separate the light fraction into an aromatic extract stream and a nonaromatic raffinate stream.

Abstract: A fuel additive composition comprising (a) a polyisobutenyl succinimide derived from ethylenediamine or diethylenetriamine, wherein the polyisobutenyl group has an average molecular weight of about 1200 to 1500 and (b) a nonvolatile paraffinic or naphthenic carrier oil, or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: This invention relates to catalyst compositions useful in converting hydrocarbonaceous oils. The catalyst comprises an ultra stable Y zeolite base, wherein said Y zeolite has a unit cell size greater than about 24.55 .ANG. and a crystal size less than about 2.8 microns, an amorphous cracking component, a binder, and a catalytic amount of hydrogenation component selected from the group consisting of a Group VI metal, a Group VIII metal, and mixtures thereof. The invention also relates to processes that are suitable for the catalyst use therein.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing a hydrogenated lubricating oil base stock having improved stability. A lube oil base stock is contacted with hydrogen in a first hydrogenation zone under hydrogenation reaction conditions in the presence of a macroporous hydrogenation catalyst comprised of a particulate refractory inorganic oxide support component and a hydrogenation component. The macroporous hydrogenation catalyst has an acid site density of between about 0.015 and about 0.3 milliequivalents per gram of catalyst, a total pore volume greater than about 0.45 cm.sup.3 /g, and at least 10% of the total pore volume in macropores of diameter is greater than about 1000 Angstroms. A portion of the effluent from the first step is then contacted with hydrogen in a second hydrogenation zone under hydrogenation reaction conditions in the presence of a mesoporous hydrogenation catalyst comprised of a particulate refractory inorganic oxide support component and a hydrogenation component.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new crystalline zeolite SSZ-35 prepared by processes for preparing crystalline molecular sieves, particularly large pore zeolites, using conformationally constrained aza-polycyclic ring system templating agents.

Abstract: A method of fluid catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon feed which for rapid separation of the fluid catalytic cracking catalyst from the mixture of gases and products, utilizes a U-turn inertial separator directly coupled to cyclone separation.

Abstract: A low emissions diesel fuel with prescribed levels of aromatics and cetane number is disclosed which, when combusted in a diesel engine, results in lower emissions than the California Reference diesel fuel.

Abstract: A low emissions diesel fuel with prescribed levels of aromatics and cetane number is disclosed which, when combusted in a diesel engine, results in lower emissions than the California Reference diesel fuel.

Abstract: Polyalkyl nitro and amino aromatic esters having the formula: ##STR1## wherein A.sub.1 is nitro, amino, N-alkylamino wherein the alkyl group contains 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or N,N-dialkylamino wherein each alkyl group independently contains 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently hydrogen, hydroxy, lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or lower alkoxy having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R.sub.3 is a polyalkyl group having a weight average molecular weight in the range of about 450 to 5,000; and x is an integer from 0 to 10.The polyalkyl nitro and amino aromatic esters of formula I are useful as fuel additives for the prevention and control of engine deposits.

Abstract: A naphtha feed is contacted in a penultimate aromatic forming stage under catalytic aromatic forming conditions with a first catalyst. The effluent from the penultimate stage is contacted in a final aromatic forming stage under catalytic aromatic forming conditions and at substantially the same pressure as is maintained in the penultimate stage with a second catalyst. The pressure is selected to provide optimal aromatic production per calendar day from the final stage.

Abstract: Minerals in a subterranean formation are dissolved by treating them in the presence of an organic acid with a fluoride-containing compound having a concentration in the range of from 0.007 N to 0.05 N. The hydrogen ion concentration can be less than 0.02 N, preferably less than 0.004 N. The fluoride-containing compound can be hydrofluoric acid. Alternatively, the minerals can be treated by applying alternating stages of a solution of fluoride salt, such as ammonium fluoride or ammonium bifluoride, and an organic acid, such as acetic acid. The treatment can be done in a formation at a temperature of at least 350.degree. F.

Abstract: Heavy waxy oil is dewaxed by a mild cracking and isomerization process using a catalyst comprising SSZ-32 and at least one Group VIII metal. The heavy oil contains naphthenic wax, which includes only a relatively small amount of normal alkanes. Naphthenic wax containing a minor amount of oil may also be dewaxed using the process.

Abstract: Disclosed are asphalt compositions prepared from bitumen, a tri-block copolymer of styrene and butadiene, and from about 0.015 to about 0.075 weight percent of elemental sulfur. The asphalt compositions described herein are useful in industrial applications, such as in hot mix asphalts useful in preparing aggregates for road paving.

Abstract: A railway diesel engine lubricating composition is essentially free of zinc dithiophosphate wear inhibitors and chlorinated inhibitors. This composition has an oil of lubricating viscosity; a noncarbonated sulfurized calcium alkyl phenate, a carbonated sulfurized calcium alkyl phenate, a calcium Mannich alkyl phenate, and an ethylene carbonate modified polybutene bis-succinimide. The noncarbonated sulfurized calcium alkyl phenate has a sulfur to metal ratio of between 1.1:1 and 2:1, the alkyl group of that phenate has from 8 to 35 carbon atoms, and the alkalinity value of that phenate is from 40 to 200 mg. KOH/gram. The noncarbonated sulfurized metal alkyl phenate is prepared by reacting a tetrapropylene phenol, sulfur, and a calcium base.

Abstract: A simple, expedient method for measuring the effectiveness of a corrosion inhibitor provided to a metallic surface by a surface layer, wherein the layer is formed by use of the corrosion inhibitor is a corrosive fluid. The method employs the measuring of a high frequency phase angle as an indicator of inhibitor effectiveness.

Abstract: A process for producing a hydrocarbon product using a catalyst prepared from an ultra-stable Y-type zeolite having a silica/alumina ratio from about 27 to about 33 with the free acid sites passivated using a basic nitrogen-containing compound. The hydrocarbon product shows improved selectivity for jet fuel.

Abstract: A fuel additive composition comprising:(a) a poly(oxyalkylene) hydroxyaromatic ether having the formula: ##STR1## or a fuel-soluble salt thereof; where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently hydrogen, hydroxy, lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or lower alkoxy having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each independently hydrogen or lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R.sub.5 is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, phenyl, aralkyl or alkaryl having 7 to 36 carbon atoms, or an acyl group of the formula: ##STR2## where R.sub.6 is alkyl having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, phenyl, or aralkyl or alkaryl having 7 to 36 carbon atoms; n is an integer from 5 to 100; and x is an integer from 0 to 10; and(b) a poly(oxyalkylene) amine having at least one basic nitrogen atom and a sufficient number of oxyalkylene units to render the poly(oxyalkylene) amine soluble in hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline or diesel fuel range.

Abstract: A fuel additive composition comprising:(a) a poly(oxyalkylene) hydroxyaromatic ester having the formula: ##STR1## or a fuel-soluble salt thereof; where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently hydrogen, hydroxy, lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or lower alkoxy having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each independently hydrogen or lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R.sub.5 is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, phenyl, aralkyl or alkaryl having 7 to 36 carbon atoms, or an acyl group having the formula: ##STR2## where R.sub.6 is alkyl having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, phenyl, or aralkyl or alkaryl having 7 to 36 carbon atoms; R.sub.7 and R.sub.

Abstract: The NOx content of FCC regenerator flue gas is reduced using a spinel/perovskite additive which maintains activity during FCC operation in the presence of high levels of sulfur oxides and oxygen. Additionally, a stabilization component may be added to enhance catalytic stability of the additive, and a cracking component may be added under conditions of low reducing agents in the regenerator flue gas.