Abstract: The invention relates to aqueous low-viscosity printing inks which, in addition to containing at least one sublimable dye suitable for transfer printing and optionally further ingredients, also contains a mixture of at least one polyvinyl alcohol and a polyacrylate and/or a styrene acrylic copolymer. Such printing inks are suitable in particular for printing supports for transfer printing on gravure printing machines.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of pure bromoanthraquinones by denitrobrominating corresponding nitroanthraquinones is described. The process comprises treating nitroanthraquinones of the formula I ##STR1## wherein X is hydroxy, mercapto, carboxy or halogen and m is 1, 2, 3 or 4 and n is 1 or 2, in the temperature range from 200.degree. to 350.degree. C.Bromoanthraquinones of more than 95% purity are valuable starting materials for dye synthesis and can be used directly without further purification.

Abstract: Hydroquinones of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is the residue of a 5- or 6-membered ring, R.sub.1 is hydrogen, alkyl or aryl, R.sub.1,R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are hydrogen or alkyl and R.sub.6 is hydrogen or a group of the formula ##STR2## wherein X and R.sub.1 are as defined above, are of use as protected developing agents in photographic silver halide material.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of silver halide emulsions containing populations of monodispersed silver halide crystals, which comprises transferring an amount of monodispersed silver halide crystals from a reaction vessel to a holding vessel, effecting growth of the silver halide crystals remaining in the reaction vessel, transferring the monodispersed silver halide crystals thus obtained to a further holding vessel followed by another growth step of the silver halide crystals left in the reaction vessel, combining all the populations of monodispersed silver halide crystals of different crystal size, and carrying out the steps required to produce a fully sensitized and concentrated silver halide emulsion.These emulsions when used in photographic materials exhibit a reduced contrast and a relatively high sensitivity.

Abstract: In a daylight enlarger of the fixed focus type which comprises an enclosed image forming area having two arm-holes which allow an operator's hands to enter this area there being present a lamphouse and transparency holder placed above the image framing area but outside the enclosed area and an enlarging lens in the transparency holder there being present in the transparency holder between the transparency and the enlarging lens a movable inclined mirror which in a first position when the lamphouse is operating with a transparency in the holder reflects an erect illuminated image of the transparency away from the enlarger so that it can be viewed by the operator of the enlarger, but which in a second position is moved from beneath the transparency so allowing the illuminated image of the transparency to fall on the image framing area, there is provided means manually controllable from inside the enclosed image forming area of the enlarger to cause the inclined mirror to be moved out of the path of the light wh

Abstract: A method and apparatus of photoelectrically scanning a moving web material is described which comprises scanning the web with a narrow light beam sweeping across and beyond the edges of the web, directing light reflected or transmitted by the web to a light receiver of a light measuring unit so generating a corresponding electrical signal, and optically or electronically simulating the optical reflexion or transmission property of the web for two auxiliary scanning zones adjacent the lateral edges of the web in such manner that the average strength of said electrical signal remains constant over substantially the whole scanning sweep.By use of this method abrupt changes in electronic signals received by the receiver when the scanning beam traverses the edges of the web are minimized. The effect of flare is also reduced.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which X.sub.1 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, --NL.sub.1 COM.sub.1, in which L.sub.1 is hydrogen or alkyl and M.sub.1 is alkyl or alkoxy, or is --NL.sub.1 P(O)(OG.sub.1).sub.2, in which G.sub.1 is alkyl, or is alkylsulfonamide or hydroxyl, Y.sub.1 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, carbalkoxy, N-alkyl-substituted or N,N-dialkyl-substituted amino or --NL.sub.2 COM.sub.2, in which L.sub.2 is hydrogen or alkyl and M.sub.2 is alkyl or alkoxy, Z.sub.1 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, --NL.sub.2 COM.sub.3, in which M.sub.3 is alkyl, or is carbalkoxy or halogen or represents those atoms which are required to form a ring with Y.sub.1, W.sub.1 is hydrogen, alkyl or alkoxy, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently of one another are hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro or --SO.sub.2 U.sub.3, in which U.sub.3 is alkyl or phenyl, R.sub.3 is hydrogen or alkyl or, if R.sub.4 is a direct chemical bond, the two radicals R.sub.3 together are a link member and R.sub.

Abstract: A color-photographic recording material which, in at least one light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, one intermediate layer and/or one protective layer, contains, as a stabilizer, at least one polyalkylpiperidine compound of the formula I or II ##STR1## in which m is the numbers 1 or 2 and, if m=1, A is a group of the formula ##STR2## and, if m=2, A is a group of the formula ##STR3## Color images which are obtained by image-wise exposure and development of this color-photographic recording material, display good stability towards the action of visible and ultraviolet light.Reference is made to the description in respect of the meanings of the substituents and symbols in the formulae I and II.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which X is a group ##STR2## and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are monovalent organic radicals, at least one of which contains a sterically hindered phenol group and at least one of which contains a polyalkylpiperidine group, are outstanding light stabilizers for color-photographic recording materials. They also have a stabilizing action on the photo dyes and their precursors when stored in the dark.

Abstract: A color-photographic recording material which, in at least one light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, an interlayer and/or a protective layer, contains a stabilizer mixture comprising(i) a compound with at least one group of the formula ##STR1## or a polymer with recurring structural units of the formula I, and (ii) a phenolic antioxidant.Color images obtained by imagewise exposure and development of this color-photographic recording material show good stability to the action of visible and ultraviolet light.With respect to the definitions of the substituents in formula I, reference is made to the description.

Abstract: There is described a novel process for producing 1,8-naphtholactam compounds of the formula I ##STR1## wherein the symbols R, A and B have the meanings defined in claim 1. This process comprises reacting a 1,8-naphtholactone compound of the formula II ##STR2## in an aqueous medium, with an amine of the formula IIINH.sub.2 --R (III),optionally in the presence of bisulfite. The naphtholactam compounds of the formula I are obtained with a high degree of purity and with a yield of over 90%.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved process for the production of 2-amino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (Tobias acid). This improved process makes it possible to obtain Tobias acid which has only a very low content of 2-aminonaphthalene and in high space-time yield. The process starts from 2-hydroxynaphthalene and comprises the following main reaction steps:(a) the sulfonation of 2-hydroxynaphthalene to 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid (oxy-Tobias acid) with chlorosulfonic acid, in an inert organic solvent;(b) the neutralization of the liberated hydrochloric acid and excess chlorosulfonic acid still present in the reaction medium and conversion of the 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid obtained into the corresponding ammonium salt with ammonia;(c) conversion of the 2-hydroxy group into the 2-amino group by the Bucherer reaction; and(d) the subsequent precipitation of the Tobias acid with dilute sulfuric acid.

Abstract: Photographic material containing on a support at least one silver halide emulsion layer which contains as binders both gelatin and a polymer latex, wherein the particle size is less than 0.05 .mu.m, and which is obtained by emulsion polymerizing a monomer or monomer mixture which consists of an alkyl acrylate or an alkyl methacrylate or a monomer mixture comprising both an alkyl acrylate and an alkyl methacrylate or a mixture comprising an alkyl acrylate and/or an alkyl methacrylate together with up to 5% by weight of an ethylenically unsaturated copolymerizable acid and/or up to 30% by weight of other ethylenically unsaturated comonomers in the presence of at least 12% by weight of the monomers present of an anionic surfactant at a temperature of from 15.degree. C. to 90.degree. C. by use of a redox initiator system which is present to the extent of from 0.1% to 3% by weight of the monomers present.The latexes are of use to partially replace gelatin in photographic materials.

Abstract: A process for purifying crude monochloro- or monobromoanthraquinone is described. In this process, monochloro- or monobromoanthraquinone which contains by-products as impurities is mixed with a hot non-polar aliphatic solvent in such a ratio that more than half of the crude product goes into solution and the remainder which contains the impurities forms a second lower phase, said eutectic melt is separated, and the saturated solution is allowed to cool, and the monochloro- or monobromoanthraquinone, which precipitates in pure form, is isolated.

Abstract: Liquid mixtures are prepared in first and second containers (3 and 4). The first container (3) has an outlet (6) spaced from the bottom of the container and communicating with an inlet (7) to the second container (4). A measured amount of first liquid is poured into the first container and fills the latter to the height (h.sub.1) of the outlet, the remainder flowing under gravity into the second container, whereby the first liquid is distributed between the first and second containers in proportions dependant upon the height (h.sub.1) of the outlet (6) and the basal areas of the two containers.A hollow tubular extension (15) is then fitted with one of its ends to said outlet and at the other end has mixture-preventing means (18) for receiving a flow of second liquid and defining an overflow outlet (16) spaced above the outlet (6).

Abstract: A color-photographic recording material which, in at least one light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, an interlayer and/or a protective layer, contains at least one polyalkylpiperidine compound of the formula I ##STR1## in which R is an OH group and R.sub.1 is a group of the formula II ##STR2## or of the formula ##STR3## and X is a group of the formula ##STR4## or of the formula ##STR5## Color images obtained by imagewise exposure and development of this color-photographic recording material show good stability to the action of visible and ultraviolet light.With respect to the definitions of the substituents and symbols in the formulae, reference is made to the description.

Abstract: An apparatus for the liquid processing of light-sensitive material comprises a processing dish having a horizontal intermediate bottom and passage gaps, at the sheet entry end as well as at the sheet exit end, respectively, between the respective end wall of the dish and the adjacent edge of the intermediate bottom. The intermediate bottom is provided on its upper side with a screen of slender pins. The screen of pins together with a lid covering the dish delimit a passage gap for the sheets being conveyed through the passage gap in the apparatus by means of pairs of conveying and squeezing rollers in the direction indicated by an arrow T. In the dish end wall at the sheet exit end, a horizontal row of injection nozzles for the processing liquid is provided near the dish bottom. The dish end wall at the sheet entry end is provided with a horizontally extending ledge of nose-like cross section in order to deflect by 180.degree. the stream of liquid arriving from under the intermediate bottom.

Abstract: Crystalline, synthetic calcium silicate, which can be in diverse stages of hydration and has a high length/width ratio and a width dimension of less than 1 .mu.m, is outstandingly suitable as a sedimentation inhibitor for finely divided fillers in liquid substances.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a photographic material comprising in at least one layer photographic useful compounds, e.g. color couplers or developers, which are occluded into solid polymer particles of 0.1 to 0.5 .mu.m in size.