Abstract: A continuous casting mold for casting strands, such as billets and blooms having a cross-sectional shape possessing corners, preferably a four-cornered cross-section, comprising an upper mold part and a lower mold part. Walls movable independently of one another of the lower mold part are movable about pivot shafts or equivalent structure arranged transversely with respect to the direction of travel of the cast strand and operatively connected with the upper mold part. The independently movable walls of the lower mold part can be shifted under the action of resilient elements, such as springs, towards the hollow cavity or mold compartment. The pivot shaft connected with each wall is arranged to be movable in a transverse direction with respect to the side of the wall associated with the hollow cavity or compartment of the mold.

Abstract: A strand guide arrangement or roller aprons for a multiple strand billet- or bloom casting installation containing more than two strands for the continuous casting of metals, especially steel, wherein rollers of the at least partially curved roller aprons are individually driven by drive elements through the agency of power transmission shafts, the drive elements being arranged externally of the outer roller aprons. The roller aprons are subdivided into segments. The power transmission shafts associated with the rollers of the inner roller apron extend below one of the outer roller aprons and up to a location in front of the inner roller apron.

Abstract: A roller apron or strand guide assembly for a continuous casting installation for casting metals, especially steel, in particular equipped with driving- and/or straightening rollers, wherein in the direction of travel of the strand immediately following pairs of rollers are mutually independently displaceable along comb-like arranged guides dispositioned to both sides of the machine frame transversely with respect to the direction of travel of the cast strand. The bearings of both rollers of a roller pair are each mounted upon a transverse support, which transverse support cooperates with the comb-like arranged guides and can be moved by pressure cylinder means. Further, at least the transverse support can be adjusted by non-driven rollers against stops provided at the machine frame.

Abstract: A roller assembly which can be arranged in the guide path of a continuous casting machine for casting beam blanks, comprising first roller means for rotationally abutting against outer flange faces of the beam blank and second roller means for rotationally abutting against each pair of flange tips on either side of the beam blank. The rotational axes of the second roller means extending substantially perpendicular to the rotational axes of the first roller means. Third roller means rotationally abut against each web part of the beam blank. The rotational axes of the third roller means extend substantially coaxially with respect to the corresponding rotational axes of the second roller means. A second roller means and a third roller means on one side of the beam blank can rotate relative to one another.

Abstract: A continuous casting installation has a curved roller apron and a withdrawal and straightening unit. The latter has upper and lower rollers, and the upper rollers are vertically movable so that a gap may be formed between the same and a strand which extends into the withdrawal and straightening unit. A heating device is provided for the strand and may be moved from a position laterally of the withdrawal and straightening unit into the gap between the upper rollers and the strand when the upper rollers are raised. The heating device is preferably arranged in the region of the tangent point. When a strand cools to such an extent that the withdrawal and straightening unit can no longer bend it, as may occur in the event of a breakout, the upper rollers beyond the tangent point are raised. The strand is then driven forward until, by virtue of its curvature, it touches the raised upper rollers.

Abstract: A measuring apparatus for determining the position of a roller apron of a continuous casting installation comprising at least one partially curved roller apron, wherein calibrated plumb bobs or lines can be applied to coordinate-measuring points of the roller apron for projecting the position of the measuring points in the x-axis or z-axis into a substantially horizontal measuring plane. Along the roller apron there are applied at a number of such coordinate-measuring points the calibrated plumb bobs or lines at the reference distance in the y-axis between the momentary or related measuring point and the measuring plane.

Abstract: An apparatus for exchanging pouring tubes at a casting vessel having a closeable bottom pour opening of a continuous casting installation. Each pouring tube has an infeed end and an outfeed end for the molten metal, typically steel, flowing therethrough and into a throughflow vessel, such as a continuous casting mold or tundish. Guides serve to move each pouring tube from an approximately horizontal introduction or infeed position into a substantially vertical casting position. The guides are structured such that different paths of movement are provided for the infeed end and outfeed end of the pouring tube, and specifically, the infeed end of the pouring tube moves along an approximately horizontal path of movement and the outfeed end of the pouring tube moves along an approximately vertical path of movement, at least a portion of which vertical path of movement is located within the throughflow vessel.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the geometry of the hollow mold compartment of continuous casting molds comprising a measuring head displaceable essentially in the direction of its lengthwise axis and having three impact or contact elements arranged at a first side of the measuring head. The impact elements form a triangle which is parallel to the lengthwise axis of the measuring head. A first measuring feeler is arranged at this first side so as to bear against the neighboring mold wall and is perpendicular to the plane of the triangle and at least one resilient impact element is arranged at a second side of the measuring head opposite the first side and produces a force-vector directed away from the triangle at a right angle. A second measuring feeler is arranged at the second side of the measuring head coaxial to the first measuring feeler and bears against the opposite wall of the hollow mold compartment. Indicator elements operatively connected with the measuring feelers indicate the position thereof.

Abstract: A conveyor apparatus for delivering flux powder to the mold of a continuous casting installation for metals, especially steel, comprising two powder containers, a pneumatic conveyor means arranged between a supply container having large capacity and disposed externally of the direct servicing or operating region of the continuous casting mold and a container at the region of such mold having relatively small capacity. The pneumatic conveyor means conveys the flux powder by means of a pneumatic transport or conveying agent to the container of small capacity where the pneumatic conveying agent is expelled. A mechanical conveyor means extends from the container of relatively small capacity at the region of the mold to a location above the level of the metal bath in the continuous casting mold.

Abstract: A method of, and apparatus for, starting-up the casting of a strand during continuous casting, wherein molten metal, typically steel, is teemed through a bottom pouring outlet or opening of a tundish at a throughflow rate essentially determined by the dimensions of the pouring opening, into a continuous casting mold. By means of the dummy bar head of a dummy bar there is formed a connection between the dummy bar and the solidified strand forming in the continuous casting mold and after reaching a predetermined bath level in the mold the strand is withdrawn.

Abstract: An oscillatory or reciprocating continuous casting mold having a hollow mold cavity which is curved or arc-shaped in the direction of travel of the strand for cooling an essentially rectangular steel strand which is forming, the mold comprising a first cooling device for the indirect cooling of the strand and a second cooling device equipped with strip-shaped support surfaces and intermediately located cooling water channels, these cooling water channels being provided with water infeed means. Between the first cooling device and the second cooling device there is arranged an intermediate space which is open at all sides. In the second cooling device the course of the cooling water channels in both of the mold walls associated with the straight or planar sides of the strand in the direction of travel of the strand follows the arc of the hollow mold cavity.

Abstract: An apparatus for cutting a steel strand located in a support apron or support guide arrangement of a continuous casting installation by means of a cutting torch device. The cutting torch device, displaceable transversely with respect to the direction of travel of the strand, is arranged upon a support member of a change mechanism for elements of the support guide arrangement and can be displaced by means of this support member to desired locations of the support guide arrangement.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for changing the secondary cooling during continuous casting of steel, especially when changing the shape or format, wherein the strand surface is impinged by cooling agent jets produced by means of spray nozzles, the impingement of the cooling agent jets being in a direction transverse to the direction of travel of the cast strand. Upon changing the format of the strand to be cast there is altered the perpendicular distance of the nozzles from the strand surface and thus the cooling. According to the invention upon changing this distance and/or the spray angle of at least two nozzles located adjacent one another and transversely with respect to the strand, the mutual deviations of the impinged surfaces at the strand brought about by such change and the thus brought about change in the cooling are compensated by adjusting the distance between the nozzles.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling the cooling of a continuously cast strand departing from a continuous casting mold of a continuous casting installation, comprising computer means, a cooling device forming a total cooling zone for cooling of the continuously cast strand, said cooling device being divided into sections, and said cooling device being further subdivided into sub-groups. Cooling agent delivery means deliver cooling agent to the cooling device, and means cooperate with the cooling device sections for applying such cooling agent to the strand.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for casting steel into a continuous casting mold, wherein the steel is introduced into the casting head to a point beneath the liquid metal pool and the steel, prior to its departure out of a pouring tube, is treated with an inert gas while forming small gas bubbles. The resultant steel-gas mixture during its outflow into the metal pool in the form of a thin, coherent fan or pattern is simultaneously introduced downwardly as well as also laterally. The pouring tube possesses an outlet opening in the form of a downwardly and laterally extending slot and a gas infeed means above such outlet opening.

Abstract: An apparatus for the application of a casting agent, such as flux powder, to the bath level of liquid metal in a continuous casting mold during continuous casting embodying at least one measuring element arranged above the bath level in the continuous casting mold and distributor means for the distribution of the flux powder onto the bath level. Conductor means operatively connect the measuring element with regulator means. There are also provided means for changing the conveyed quantity of flux powder, and conductor means for operatively connecting the regulator means with the means for changing the conveyed quantity of flux powder.

Abstract: An apparatus for use during continuous casting for the introduction of a metallic, typically steel melt into the casting head of a continuous casting mold, comprising a substantially tubular-shaped portion which directly merges with a pouring or casting vessel, the cross-sectional area of the tubular-shaped portion being greater than the cross-sectional area of the pouring outlet at the casting vessel. A chamber-like portion of larger cross-sectional area merges with the tubular-shaped portion. The chamber-like portion is equipped with a multiplicity of neighboring openings, the individual cross-sectional area of which is considerably smaller than the cross-sectional area of the tubular-shaped portion.

Abstract: An apparatus for the direct cooling of a strand, especially during the continuous casting of steel, incorporating strand guide segments equipped with spray nozzles for the application of a cooling agent to the strand. The spray nozzles are arranged at rotatable holders, each holder is equipped with at least two nozzles. A drive mechanism is provided for the stepwise or incremental rotation of such holders and there are provided infeed means for delivering the cooling agent to the spray nozzles.

Abstract: A flux powder for use during the continuous casting of steel, containing Portland cement, a fluxing agent and a carbon carrier. The carbon carrier possesses a grain size of less than 1 .mu., the powder having an aluminum oxide content in the range between 2 - 12 percent by weight, and a lime-silica ratio adjusted between 0.7 and 1.0 through the addition of quartz powder. The carbon carrier is carbon black containing carbon in an amount of 2 - 8 percent by weight, and wherein the carbon black is present as powder carbon black. The powder carbon black can be in the form of lamp black.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for casting of metals into a continuous casting mold wherein metal is cast out of a ladle into a tundish having at least one non-regulatable bottom discharge and into at least one mold by means of a pouring tube. After the start of the casting operation the casting jet emanating from the bottom discharge is controlled and, if desired, corrected to the desired casting jet formation and thereafter the pouring tube is brought into the casting position through the casting jet.