Abstract: In a method for automatically monitoring traffic, traffic data are recorded at several measuring points of the traffic network. The time-dependent positions of the upstream back-up flank and of the downstream back-up flank are estimated continuously according to characteristic relationships which take into account the flow and the density of the traffic in the back-up, the point in time at which the upstream back-up flank passes a respective first measuring point, the point in time at which the downstream back-up flank passes this measuring point as well as the flow and the average vehicle speed at this first as well as at a second measuring point which is situated upstream of the upstream back-up flank.

Abstract: A method and a device for the precision turning of a workpiece made of a heat-treatable steel permits a dry hard precision turning of hardened workpiece surfaces without tempering. In order also to allow precision turning and hardening of unhardened workpiece surfaces which are simultaneous in terms of production time, use is made of the local temporary heating of the workpiece caused by machining. The workpiece surface is heated further locally by the action of a laser beam, in the region directly behind the cutter, up to the transformation temperature of the material to be machined via an optical fiber integrated in the tool. The surface is then self-quenched and, as a result, hardened close to the surface. At the same time, the surface temperature at the point of action of the laser beam can be recorded thermographically and, this actual temperature signal can be used to adjust the power of the laser beam so as to maintain the desired temperature.

Abstract: A process and system for the computer-aided geometry modeling which makes possible a declarative, sequence-independent description of geometric shapes and geometric features and leads to an integrated modeling, which unites in itself geometric relationships and connects them with non-geometric information. To achieve this, the geometry-related information is represented in the form of a representation element, to which a density (.rho.) is assigned in the form of a real number. The linking of individual representation elements is performed by a single commutative and associative linking operation. A volume level, a topology level, and a generic area and edge level located between these levels are provided as the description levels for the actually relevant information. A feature level, at which features are defined and at which a knowledge-based system can be used, is located above these description levels.

Abstract: In an exhaust gas turbocharger turbine for an internal combustion engine including a turbine housing with a turbine wheel disposed therein, an axially movable slide member having a front end with a vane structure is disposed in an annular gap formed in the turbine housing adjacent a radial flow passage leading to the turbine wheel such that the annular slide member is movable between a first position in which its vane structure is disposed in the radial flow passage and a second position in which the vane structure is received within the annular gap and blow off passages which extend through the turbine housing from the radial flow passage through the annular gap to the discharge side of the turbine are opened when the annular slide member is further retracted for discharging gas from the radial flow passage to the turbine discharge side while by-passing the turbine.

Abstract: The invention provides a composite structure for microelectronic components having a self-supporting metal plate, an electrically insulating layer adhering to the metal plate, and a functional layer adhering to the insulating layer for the application of at least one microelectronic component. An at least largely monocrystalline information layer which covers the metal plate at points is applied to the self-supporting metal plate. The regions of the surface of the metal plate which are free of the information layer are provided with the insulating layer. When the surface of the information layer is exposed at least in regions, the functional layer is deposited on the insulating layer and on the exposed information layer. The crystal information required for an epitaxial deposition of the functional layer is taken from the information layer.

Abstract: The invention provides a process and apparatus for controlling combustion in an Otto combustion engine in which the control variables that control combustion are determined for a particular power cycle as a function of the detected combustion course of a preceding power cycle. According to the invention, a desired burn-through function value for a particular power cycle is precalculated based on values of pertaining influence factors detected in a preceding power cycle, to determine an actual burn-through function value of the particular power cycle in real time. The desired burn-through function is compared with the actual burn-through function and actualized values for the burn-through function influence factors are determined. These factors are used to determine the control variable values for a subsequent power cycle.

Abstract: A material and a process for adsorbing and desorbing nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas systems of engines running on a lean mixture, which does not require a prior oxidation step, wherein a mixed oxide which has an oxygen-rich orthorhombic structure is used which changes to an oxygen-poor tetragonal structure as a function of temperature.

Abstract: A rubber-like section with one or several hollow chambers is provided as a sensor receiving section for housing and protecting pressure-actuated sensors, in particular for mounting behind screens and as window guiding sections, in particular for car windows with U-shaped window guiding frames. The design of the mounting space, i.e. the main hollow chamber, allows the sensor to be threaded into the section even over a longer axial distance, to be clamped therein without play and to be firmly held in its mounting position. The inner contour of the main hollow chamber, which is adapted to the sensor use, has a central or eccentric bead-like, heel-shaped projection that extends in the axial direction and projects into the hollow chamber. This geometry allows the sensor housed in the hollow chamber to provide its sensor functions. Other inventions related to the outer geometry of the section result therefrom.

Abstract: In a liquid cooled piston for internal combustion engines having a cooling oil supply and at least one liquid passage which is formed in a top part of the piston bounded by a piston head, the liquid passage is inclined with respect to the piston head and has at least one inlet opening formed as a collection funnel leading to the highest point of the passage for receiving cooling oil and, in the region of the lowest point of the passage an outlet opening for the lubrication of a piston pin bearing disposed therebelow. The passage further includes a diffuser-shaped area widening in the flow direction of the cooling oil through the passage.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for operating an internal combustion engine, in particular a motor-vehicle diesel engine, with low nitrogen-oxide emissions, has a first mode of operation which sets an early start of fuel injection and a nitrogen-oxide reducing agent is added to the stream of exhaust gases upstream of a nitrogen-oxide-reducing exhaust-gas catalytic converter, and a second mode of operation which sets a late start of fuel injection. A temperature sensor measures the temperature of the exhaust-gas catalytic converter. The engine is operated in the second mode of operation when the measured temperature of the exhaust-gas catalytic converter lies outside a prescribable temperature range for an effective catalytic nitrogen-oxide reduction to ensure low nitrogen-oxide emissions.

Abstract: A control element arrangement is disclosed for controlling a motor vehicle without conventional pedals and steering wheel. Two control elements are provided which can be operated independently of one another, in which case at least the longitudinal speed and/or at least the steering angle can be controlled optionally by operating one or the other control element. As a result, with respect to the longitudinal and/or the lateral dynamic control, on the one hand, a redundancy is created which increases the operating reliability and, on the other hand, the control-comfort-increasing possibility is created of being able to guide the vehicle alternately by means of one or the other control element.

Abstract: In a camshaft drive housing for an internal combustion engine supporting auxiliary equipment, an oil pump is mounted in the housing cover and driven by the engine crankshaft. It supplies oil under pressure to an oil filter also mounted on the camshaft drive housing and the pressure of the oil leaving the oil filter is communicated back to the oil pump by way of a passage extending through the housing cover for controlling the oil pump.

Abstract: In a cast cylinderhead of a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine wherein gas flow channels (exhaust gas and intake air flow channels) and at least one longitudinal gas flow passage with branch passages extending between the longitudinal gas flow passages and particular gas flow channels are formed in the cylinderhead, the gas flow channels, any longitudinal gas flow passage and all the branch passages are formed by a single-piece casting core structure.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine including a cylinder head and at least one camshaft and accessory units comprising pumps mounted on the front end of the engine on which also drive means for the camshaft of camshafts are disposed, the accessory units are operatively coupled to the drive means for the camshafts or camshafts so as to be driven thereby.

Abstract: The invention provides a flow module comprising sandwiched plate elements, with at least one of each pair of adjacent plate element surfaces having a profiling which has a linear parallel construction so that a plurality of linear parallel flow ducts is formed between adjacent plate elements. These flow ducts can be charged with a first and a second fluid in an alternating manner by way of feeding and removal ducts formed by mutually aligned openings in the plate elements. To seal off the flow spaces and the feeding and removal ducts, seals are provided, and the openings for the feeding and removal ducts extend essentially across the whole end area of the profiling so that a distinct feeding and removal space is formed. According to the invention, for a mechanical stabilization several webs are arranged in the openings for the feeding and removal ducts in the profiled plate elements. These webs which are arranged in the inlet area or outlet area of the profiling end below the plate element surface.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an HBT using differential epitaxy. By using an emitter mask and an exside-inside spacer structure, a self-aligned fabrication of an emitter contact and a base contact is carried out. The emitter contact layer is made from amorphous silicon. Since the entire process sequence is very temperature-stable and can be carried out at lower implantation energies than conventional methods, HBT's having a high layer quality can be fabricated by the method of the invention which is suitable for mass production and with which high oscillation frequencies can be accomplished.

Abstract: A servo valve for an injection nozzle includes a housing having a valve chamber, a high-pressure opening, a connecting opening and a return opening. The valve chamber movably accommodates a valve member which can be displaced by actuating means to bear selectively against a first seat and a second seat. The valve member, when bearing against the first seat, closes the return opening and connects the high-pressure opening to the connecting opening. When bearing against the second seat it closes the high-pressure opening and connects the connecting opening to the return opening. The connecting opening is connected to a working chamber of the injection nozzle whose nozzle is closed when the working chamber is subjected to high pressure and opens upon a drop in pressure in the working chamber. The actuating means includes a component which varies in length when electrically actuated and which is connected to the valve member through the return opening by way of an actuating member.

Abstract: A method and a device for vehicle guidance as a function of the traffic situation is provided, during which vehicle guidance the traffic situation data are evaluated in a control center which has a computer. The control center computer determines the optimum route as a function of starting data, the traffic situation data and stored road network data in the form of sequences of intermediate destinations such that a vehicle-end navigation device is capable of reproducing successive sections of the optimum route and issuing the associated guidance instructions by using a traffic situation-independent route search method. This system permits a traffic situation-dependent vehicle guidance in which the more costly route optimization tasks are performed by the control center computer. The vehicle-end navigation computer only has to carry out traffic situation-independent route finding tasks.

Abstract: An organic layer for subsequent coating with a cover layer which is harder than the organic layer, and a process for surface treatment of the organic layer. In order to improve the quality of a subsequently applied cover layer, growth nuclei for the cover layer, which exhibit sp.sup.2 and/or sp.sup.3 bonding orbital hybridization, are arranged and/or exposed on the free surface of the organic layer.