Abstract: This invention introduces a method for treating a surface of an electrically conductive object with a refractory metal. In one embodiment, the refractory metal is tantalum and the object is a titanium substrate. A surface layer of mixed tantalum and titanium oxides is created by first heating the object and tantalum chloride in a reaction chamber and subsequently heat treating the object in an oxygen containing environment. The electrically conductive object can in a non-limiting way be DSA solutions (Dimensionally Stable Anodes), fuel cells or connector plates.

Abstract: The invention provides a solenoid actuated valve with a plunger which moves in a sleeve under influence of a magnetic field from the solenoid and further comprising a damping device for reducing noise and wear caused by the plunger when it bounces against a top part located in the sleeve. The damping device comprises a first part which forms the limit of the travel of the plunger and another part which is allowed to move relative to the first part in a dampened movement. To enable application in a vacuum system, the damping device comprises a conduit which allows evacuation of a chamber confined between one end of the sleeve and the damping device. The invention further provides a damper for a solenoid actuated valve.

Abstract: A room heating system includes a heatable floor having a floor heating system, and a room thermostat having a room air sensor and being connected with a regulating unit for the floor heating system. The temperature control in a room is improved by providing the room thermostat with a surface temperature sensor, which determines a temperature on the surface of the floor from a distance.

Abstract: A scroll-type refrigerant compressor includes a drive shaft with an off-axis lubrication conduit which is supplied with oil from an oil pan located in the lower part of the compressor by an oil pump that is disposed at a first end of the shaft. The lubrication conduit has lubrication holes at the different shaft guide bearings. The second end of the shaft is equipped with a device that enables the orbital movement of the moving scroll of the compressor. The aforementioned shaft also includes a return conduit which is inclined in relation to the axis of the shaft and which extends over at least part of the length thereof. One of the ends of the return conduit opens at the wall of the shaft in the area located beyond the rotor on the side of the oil pan. In addition, fluid communication is provided between the lubrication conduit and the return conduit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for bringing a brushless motor, such as a multiphase brushless motor, operatively connected to for example a compressor into an optimal angular starting position in an energy saving manner, the method comprising the steps of applying a first drive voltage to a first phase winding of the motor and measuring a current flowing in another phase winding of said motor, said current being generated in response to the first drive voltage applied to the first phase winding. The method further comprises the step of switching the applied first drive voltage off when said current reaches a steady-state condition. By applying the method of the present invention a significant amount of power can be saved. The present invention further relates to a system for carrying out the present invention.

Abstract: The invention concerns a hydraulic steering with a steering initiator, a steering unit with feedback properties, which can be activated by the steering initiator, the steering unit having a supply connection arrangement with a pressure connection (P) and a tank connection (T) and a working connection arrangement with two working connections (L, R), an auxiliary-force operated steering valve, which is located in parallel with the steering unit between the supply connection arrangement (P, T) and the working connection arrangement (L, R), and a feedback suppressing device, which is active, when the steering valve is active. It is endeavoured to find a simple manner of ensuring the priority of the steering initiator over the steering valve. For this purpose, the steering initiator interacts with an activation sensor, which deactivates the feedback suppressing device on an activation of the steering initiator.

Abstract: The invention concerns a hydraulic steering with a steering initiator, a steering unit with feedback properties, which can be activated by the steering initiator, the steering unit having a supply connection arrangement with a pressure connection (P) and a tank connection (T) and a working connection arrangement with two working connections (L, R), an auxiliary-force operated steering valve, which is located in parallel with the steering unit between the supply connection arrangement (P, T) and the working connection arrangement (L, R), and a feedback suppressing device, which is active, when the steering valve is active. It is endeavoured to find a simple manner of ensuring the priority of the steering initiator over the steering valve. For this purpose, the steering initiator interacts with an activation sensor, which deactivates the feedback suppressing device on an activation of the steering initiator.

Abstract: The invention concerns an element comprising an annular body (9) provided with two series of pins (10, 12) projecting from at least one side of the body (9), the pins (10) of a first series being engaged in grooves (7) of the fixed volute (3) and the pins (12) of a second series being engaged in grooves (8) of the mobile volute (4), to provide an orbital movement of the mobile volute (4) relative to the fixed volute (3), the contact surfaces of the pins (10, 12) of a common series with the walls of the grooves of the corresponding volute being parallel and the contact surfaces of the pins (10, 12) belonging to two series of pins being perpendicular. The annular body (9) is made of a first metal with a specific density and the pins are made of a second metal having a lower density than that of the first metal.

Abstract: The invention concerns a refrigerant compressor with a cylinder, in which is arranged a piston (5) that is connected to a crankshaft via a connecting rod (14), the connecting rod (14) having a piston eye (18), through which a bolt (17) inserted in the piston (5) is guided. With such a refrigerant compressor, it is endeavoured to achieve a good efficiency. For this purpose, the bolt (17) is inserted in a blind bore (19).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a spray head for effective fire fighting. The spray head according to the present invention provides a uniform distribution of a fluid, such as pressurised water, over a relatively large area. To achieve this the spray head comprises a body defining a centre axis and further comprising a fixation structure for fixing the spray head to a fluid supply system, a fluid inlet, a plurality of outlet nozzles arranged around the centre axis, and a flow path between the inlet and the nozzles, wherein a first set of nozzles are located at a larger radial distance from the centre axis than a second set of nozzles, and wherein the second set of nozzles are located at a larger radial distance from the centre axis than a third set of nozzles, and wherein the nozzles comprise an essentially identical expansion passage section. The present invention further relates to method for providing a uniform fluid distribution.

Abstract: A hydraulic machine is disclosed with an externally toothed gear wheel (3) and an internally toothed ring, the gear wheel (3) and the ring together forming pressure pockets, which expand and compress during operation, the gear wheel (3) having recesses (22-25), which form part of a secondary control system. The machine should be designed to operate in a simple manner with little wear. To achieve this, the gear wheel (3) is made as a sintered element, in which the recesses (22-25) are sintered.

Abstract: The invention concerns a hermetically enclosed refrigerant compressor with a housing comprising an electrical feed-through, a connection plate (10) arranged on the outside of the housing in the area of the electrical feed-through, and a base plate (15) supporting the bottom of the housing in the gravity direction. It is endeavoured to obtain low manufacturing costs. For this purpose, the connection plate (10) and the base plate (15) are made together as one part (16).

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for evaluating a non-measured operating variable in a refrigeration plant, which can be derived from at least one signal which is sensed at specific points in time, enabling early recognition of errors. An error indicator is formed by means of the following steps: a) the error indicator is set to a specified value at a first moment in time; b) a sum if formed from the error indicator of a predetermined earlier moment in time and a first variable derived from an estimated value for the operating variable taking into account at least one signal-dependent variable; c) the error indicator is set to the value of the sum if the sum is greater than the specified value, and set to the specified value if the sum is less than or the same as the specified value.

Abstract: The invention provides a solenoid actuated valve with a plunger which moves in a sleeve under influence of a magnetic field from the solenoid and further comprising a damping device for reducing noise and wear caused by the plunger when it bounces against a top part located in the sleeve. The damping device comprises a first part which forms the limit of the travel of the plunger and another part which is allowed to move relative to the first part in a dampened movement. To enable application in a vacuum system, the damping device comprises a conduit which allows evacuation of a chamber confined between one end of the sleeve and the damping device. The invention further provides a damper for a solenoid actuated valve.

Abstract: A three position servo system. The servo system has a servo housing that has first and second control ports disposed therein in a cavity in fluid communication with the first and second control ports. A servo piston having at least one pressure chamber disposed therein is then used to communicate the pressure within the first and second ports into the first end of the cavity. Thus, when pressure is applied below a threshold pressure to both ports a first position is achieved, when pressure is applied above the threshold pressure in only one port a second position is achieved, and when pressure is applied above the threshold pressure in both ports a third position is achieved. Therefore, the servo system provides three different operating positions.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for controlling a direct voltage source with a first direct voltage source (2) and a voltage monitoring device (24), which monitors an output voltage of the first direct voltage source (2) and acts upon a control device (31), the control device (31) controlling the working state of the first direct voltage source (2). Further, the invention concerns a voltage supply device (22) with which the method can be used. In this connection it is endeavored to reduce the risk of an increase in voltage in a circuit with several direct voltage sources. For this purpose, a second direct voltage source (3) produces a voltage change at the voltage monitoring device (24).

Abstract: The invention relates to a flow adjustment valve (1) comprising a valve housing (2) having a flow channel (3) and a pipe stub (10), disposed at an angle to the flow channel (3). A throttle unit (6) is arranged in the flow channel (3) and comprises a throttle element (8) that can be actuated through the pipe stub (10). The flow adjustment valve also comprises two measuring points (14, 15) for detecting the pressure in the flow channel (3) at both sides of a throttle arrangement, each of which measuring points being connected to a pressure measuring connection (17) via a pressure measuring channel (26, 27). The aim of the invention is to improve the design options for a flow adjustment valve of the aforementioned type. For this purpose, at least one pressure measuring channel (26) is guided through the pipe stub (10).

Abstract: A method of cooling a radiator in an internal combustion engine wherein a plurality of fan assemblies is provided. Specifically, each fan assembly has a housing with an interior containing a fan blade and an exterior having six sides to form a hexagonal perimeter. The fan assemblies are then arranged side by side to form a cluster of fan assemblies in order to maximize the amount of fan assemblies that may be provided on an enclosure. The cluster of fan assemblies is then placed adjacent to a radiator to control the air flow over the radiator in order to cool the engine.