Abstract: A single-stroke pneumatic apparatus incorporates a hollow cylindrical frame 1) with inlet and outlet ports (2,3). A handgrip (4) containing a directional flow control (5) is attached to the upper end of the frame. A striker (6) is provided in the bore of the frame (1) with provision for reciprocating back and forth so as to divide this bore into a forward-stroke chamber (8) a back-stroke chamber (7). A tool (9) is supported in the lower end of the frame (1). A shell (10) with holes (11) surrounds the frame (1) from the outside, forming a muffling chamber (12) therewith, within a full length of the stroke of the striker (6). Additional outlet ports (15) are provided in the lower end of the frame (1) which communicate the back-stroke chamber (8) with the muffling chamber (12) located wherein is a filter (6) overlapping the holes (11) in the shell (10).

Abstract: The method of breaking rock by blasting comprises drilling of boreholes, loading of a blasting charge with a means of initiation therein and stemming. The stemming is made up of a phlegmatized low-velocity explosive.

Abstract: A deaerator for deaerating the feed water to a steam generator, the deaerator comprising a single enclosure (1) including a deaerating device, said enclosure being divided into two longitudinal zones (A, B) with a first one of said zones (A) corresponding to the location of said deaerating device, said first zone (A) having a cross-section which is larger in area than the cross-section of the other or second one of said zones (B), the center of gravity (G1) of said cross-section of said first zone being higher than the center of gravity (G2) of the cross-seciton of said second zone, the top portion of said first zone being provided with escape orifices (15) for the incondensable, nozzles (17) for spraying the water to be deaerated and reheated, and a reheating steam inlet (14) leading to a steam distribution chest (16) for distributing steam into longitudinal passages (28, 29) situated in an elongatge box (24) suspended from the walls of said first zone (A) of the enclosure, said box (24) being fed in a centr

Abstract: The invention relates to the construction equipment. A device comprises a body (1) internally accommodating a percussion member (2) with ports (5), an air distributing sleeve (6), an elastic element (7) and a threaded bushing (8). Grooves (9) are made on an external surface of the threaded bushing (8) at an angle to the axis of the device. When the device is moving soil gets in the grooves (9) of the threaded bushing (8) and develops a circumferential force fixing the threaded bushing (8) relative to the body (1).

Abstract: A clamping attachment to a device for driving elongated rod elements of low igidity into the ground comprises a housing (1) having a through tapered interior (2) and shoulders (7) on the outer surface. The interior (2) of the housing accommodates two spring-biased wedging elements (3) with slots (4). The slots (4) receive ends of arms (9) secured on the shoulders (7). Interposed between the spring (12) and wedging elements (3) is a washer plate (14). End faces (16, 17) of the wedging elements (3) and washer plate (14) are tapered. Contact surfaces (10, 11) of the slots (4,) and arms (9) are inclined to the longitudinal axis of the clamping attachment.

Abstract: A moisture and heat exchange device for a regeneration type oxygen self-cained breathing apparatus comprises a casing having pipes of which one pipe is connected to a facepiece of the apparatus and the other pipe is connected to a regenerating cartridge of the apparatus. The casing houses a multiple-layer package of alternating hydrophilic and hydrophobic washers, disposed coaxially with the casing. The hydrophilic washers of the multiple-layer package are made in the form of nets of a fibrous material impregnated with a hygroscopic substance. The hydrophobic washers of the multiple-layer package are made of a non-woven bulk web having a linear density which is lower than the linear density of the material of the hydrophilic washers. Two air-distribution pressure screens are provided at the end faces of the multiple-layer package to engage the hydrophobic washers.

Abstract: The annular air-hammer apparatus for drilling holes comprises a shell hav fitted co-axially therein a chips-receiving sleeve, a hollow cylindrical case, and a ring-shaped hammer capable of reciprocating back and forth. The lower part of the shell accommodates a rock-cutting tool capable of moving axially with at least one blow-off passage formed by at least a single longitudinal groove made on the outer cylindrical surface of the rock-cutting tool. With the rock-cutting tool in its uppermost position, the blow-off passage communicates with an outlet space provided between the shell and the case.

Abstract: An annular air hammer apparatus for drilling wells has a cylindrical body which accommodates a stepped annular hammer mounted for reciprocations. A stepped air distribution tube is rigidly secured in the body and has inlet ports and exhaust ports, the tube cooperating with the hammer and defining therewith a work stroke chamber and defining a return stroke chamber with the body. A pipe for receiving drillings is stationary mounted in the air distribution tube and defines therewith a plenum. An annular member is provided between the pipe for receiving drillings and air distribution pipe, in the zone between the inlet and exhaust ports, to define an exhaust chamber between the pipe for receiving drillings and air distribution tube. The plenum and exhaust chamber permanently communicate with each other through a throttle means.

Abstract: A reversible air-operated percussive action machine for driving holes in the ground has a housing accommodating a hammer 2 capable of reciprocating therein. An air distributor 3 is arranged in the hammer 2 in the form of a fixed tube 12 and a valving member 13 movable relative to the tube. Defined between the tube 12 and valviong member 13 is an accumulating chamber 18 which communicates with an air feeding line 4. An air restrictor is further provided for discharging air from the accumulating chamber 18 when the supply of compressed air to the air feeding line is terminated. The valving member 13 spring-loaded relative to the tube 12 by a spring arranged so that during feeding compressed air to the accumulating chamber 18 the valving member 13 is acted upon by a pressure force directed counter to the action of the spring.

Abstract: An annular air-hammer apparatus for drilling holes incorporates a hollow cylindrical case with a stepped bore which has inlet and outlet ports. A rock-cutting tool with an axial opening is fitted to the case at the forward end thereof. A chips-receiving sleeve and a stepped ring-shaped hammer are located inside the case, whereby the hammer forms a working-stroke chamber with the case and an idle-stroke chamber with the case, the rock-cutting tool and the chips-receiving sleeve. The chips-receiving sleeve has a cylindrical protuberance at its upper end which interacts with the hammer when this is in its topmost position. A channel is provided in the idle-stroke chamber at that side thereof which faces the upper end face of the hammer.

Abstract: A reversible percussive action machine includes a housing accommodating a mmer capable of reciprocating motions under the action of a working fluid under pressure, and a valving member with grooves movably connected to the hammer and provided with members for fixing it relative to the housing in two distribution control positions, particularly one that makes the machine move forward and one that ensures the return travel of the machine. The members for fixing the valving member in a position for the forward travel of the machine is fashioned as an insert movable relative to the valving member and having projections received by the grooves of the valving member. The insert is enclosed by a shell with ports, this shell being secured between the housing and the valving member to be capable of axial displacement.

Abstract: A percussive tool comprises a percussion mechanism and a pressure pulser. The percussion mechanism has a hollow housing with a piston hammer arranged thereinside to form two chambers of variable volume. The pressure pulser has a hollow housing and a fluid displacer defining inside the housing a working chamber adapted to alternately communicate with a source of gaseous fluid and the interior of the percussion mechanism. The fluid displacer is intended for forced displacement inside the housing to transmit to the chambers of the percussion mechanism a pulsed pressure of the gaseous fluid which causes the piston hammer to reciprocate. The interior of the percussion mechanism is isolated from the outside, whereas the working chamber of the pressure pulser communicates with at least one of the chambers of the percussion mechanism, the chambers of the percussion mechanism continuously intercommunicating by way of a restrictor passage.

Abstract: A percussive air tool with a hollow cylindrical stepped housing having air inlet and air exhaust ports. A stepped hammer reciprocates inside the housing and has an axial central bore with a tube element disposed in the bore. The tool includes, work stroke and return stroke chambers, an air supply hose pipe with an air feeding valve, and a rod-clamping device arranged in the forward portion of the housing. The smaller step of the hammer has a neck portion or groove adapted to communicate the air inlet port with the interior of the larger step of the housing, an open annular cavity being formed between the tube element and the walls of the hammer bore.

Abstract: A percussive action machine includes a housing in which a hammer is movably secured to define a forward stroke chamber and a return stroke chamber. The hammer is provided with an air-distributor fashioned as a sleeve having holes. The hammer is further provided with a device for alternately communicating the return stroke chamber with the forward stroke chamber and with the outside, the device having the form of at least one bore arranged inside the hammer in line with its axis. Communicating with this bore is a tubular control valve extending through the forward stroke chamber and having in its wall at least one hole wherethrough the return stroke chamber alternately communicates with the forward stroke chamber and with the outside.

Abstract: A reversible percussive action machine comprises a housing which accommods a hammer capable of reciprocating motions under the action of a pressurized fluid, and a fluid valving member for controlling the distribution of fluid with parts for fixing it in two fluid control positions to assure either the forward or rearward percussive action of the machine. To fix the fluid valving member to provide for the forward percussive action of the machine, a spring-loaded insert which is movably secured relative to the valving member and engageable with a stop made in the housing is used. To fix the fluid valving member in a position to provide for the rearward percussive action of the machine, a stop made on the inside wall of the housing and a stop made in the valving member to engage with the stop of the housing is used. The insert is fashioned as a cup accommodating an element imparting a spring action on the cup relative to the fluid valving member.

Abstract: Apparatus for degassing a liquid fluid, the apparatus being installed inside an envelope (1) which contains a supply (20) of said degassed fluid in the liquid state in the bottom thereof and in equilibrium with its saturated vapor, the apparatus comprising perforated trays (2, 3, 4) situated above the level of the supply and fed with liquid fluid to be degassed, said trays dispersing the liquid and feeding a tank (7) which includes at least one pipe (8) extending therealong in the vicinity of one of its walls (12) and supplied with vapor of said fluid at a pressure P1 which is greater than the pressure P within said envelope, said pipe including a perforated zone (14) running along its entire length inside the tank and on its side adjacent to said wall, said perforated zone serving to fill the bottom portion of the pipe cross-section with liquid from the tank allowing the vapor to escape from said pipe, the apparatus including the improvement whereby said tank is closed (18) betweeen said wall and said pipe,

Abstract: A hollow housing has a piston hammer arranged for reciprocation therein. hammer has a rear end chamber, an air distributing valve secured in the rear end portion of the housing and adapted to be received by the rear end chamber of the piston hammer. A headpiece is secured to the forward end portion of the housing and subjected to impact of the piston hammer. A retainer embraces by at least one of its ends, the forward end portion of the housing and is disposed coaxially relative to the housing and the headpiece to ensure clamping of the forward end portion of the housing between the retainer and the headpiece.

Abstract: A machine for driving holes in the ground comprises a cylindrical housing, hammer disposed inside the housing, and an air distribution mechanism. Longitudinal recesses and projections are provided on a portion of the outer surface of the housing at its head end section. The diameter of the cylindrical part of the housing is greater than the diameter of a circle described about the bottoms of the recesses and smaller than the diameter of a circle described about the tops of the projections.

Abstract: A modular bundle of tubes for a steam condenser comprises two perforated plates (24, 25), a series of tubes (22) interconnecting the perforated plates, and a set of intermediate supporting plates (23) distributed between the two perforated plates. The improvement wherein both perforated plates are the same size, each being surrounded by a reinforcing frame (24, 25) which is thicker than the perforated plate, and wherein drawbars (26) fitted with length-adjusting means (27) interconnect the perforated plates, said drawbars being fixed to said frames and being distributed along the said frames.

Abstract: A regenerative canister of a self-contained oxygen-breathing apparatus, crising a shell filled with an oxygen-delivering chemical, wherein heat-distributing elements are accommodated. A number of transverse air-permeable partitions are installed in the shell central portion to subdivide the shell interior into two compartments and to form a distributing chamber. Each of the compartments is provided with additional partitions that divide the oxygen-delivering chemical into at least two layers, while the heat-distributing elements are located on the section running from the distributing chamber to the layer of the oxygen-delivering chemical adjacent to the shell end.