Abstract: Process and appliance for conveying liquid or gaseous fluids, this process involving no mechanically movable propelling elements, but rather the formation, on the fluid that is to be conveyed, of interfaces with an additional fluid, and the application of a tension gradient at these interfaces, so that the so-called Marangoni effect is utilized for propelling the conveying stream.

Abstract: For the optical measurement of flow vectors in gas currents, two substantly parallel light beams are focused at separate focusing points. The particles traversing the one focusing point are illuminated and thus generate start pulses, while particles traversing the other focusing point produce, as they flash up, stop pulses. By means of such a process, it is possible to determine the component of the flow vector (v) extending in the normal plane to the vertical axis (OA). It is an object of the invention to detect by simple means also the flow vector component extending in parallel to the optical axis (OA). According to the invention, focusing points (FG1, FB2; FB1, FG2) of beams (S1, S2) with different focal distances are produced. In a first measurement (A), the straight line traversing the focusing points (FG1) and (FB2) is formed at an angle (.gamma..sub.A) to the normal plane of the optical axis.

Abstract: In a reciprocating pump for cryogenic fluids comprising a pump cylinder in which a piston is oscillatingly displaceable in a sealed state, an inlet valve and an outlet valve, and an annular channel surrounding the pump cylinder on the outer side and forming an outlet for the cryogenic fluid delivered by the pump, in order to attain optimum sealing at the operating temperatures, without the piston motion being impeded at higher temperatures, it is proposed that the cylinder be made of a material with good sliding and self-lubricating properties and a thermal expansion coefficient which is larger than that of the piston, that the dimensions of the cylinder and the piston be so selected that the piston sealingly contacts the inside wall of the cylinder at operating temperature, and that the outlet valve be arranged at the downstream end of the annular channel.

Abstract: An optoelectronic array or system permitting the simultaneous input of six isplacement components is housed in a plastic sphere wherein a fixed slit diaphragm is connected in series to each of six light-emitting devices, which are arrayed in a plane at equal angular displacements from each other. The light-emitting devices are arrayed opposite corresponding linear one-dimensional position-sensitive sensors, whose axes are aligned vertically to the direction of the slits of the corresponding slit diaphragms, so that the light-emitting devices with their corresponding slit diaphragms are adapted to move relative to the position-sensitive sensors. The individual light-emitting device allocated to each sensor is driven by an electronic controller which maintains the sum of both currents flowing in the corresponding position-sensitive sensor constant and equal for all six sub-systems and additionally regulates the radiant intensity of the light-emitting devices.

Abstract: Method for the binocular stereoscopic moving image representation of image scenes sensed with relative movement between a single monocular imaging sensor and a scene area, in particular aerial image scenes. The method uses left and right frames for said representation which are sensed at different times during said relative movement. For the continuous stereoscopic representation of almost the whole image the frames are each combined from parts of at least three consecutive sensed images of an image sequence overlapping in pairs. The parts of the at least three images are rectified under consideration of the geometric parameters of the actually sensed images such that the image scale for said parts is equal. The method is also applicable if sensed images are transmitted from said imaging sensor with a reduced frame rate and by imaging-adapted interpolation and/or extrapolation on the basis of two transmitted images.

Abstract: To increase the strength of a helical spring with a spring wire made of thermosetting plastic in which reinforcing fibers are embedded that run at an angle of approximately .+-.45.degree. to the longitudinal axis of the spring wire, the fibers are present as a fabric that is wound helically around the longitudinal axis of the spring wire, with the warp and woof threads being at an angle of approximately 45.degree. to the longitudinal axis. A process is also proposed for producing such helical springs.

Abstract: On a testing or processing machine the axis of a second bracket is to be ctly aligned relative to the axis of a first bracket. For this purpose a laser is mounted on the first bracket which directs a beam onto the reflector surface of a disc mounted on the second bracket. The reflected beam produces a dot of light on the perforated disc, which is arranged about the exit aperture of the light source. By adjusting the second bracket the dot of light is directed onto the aperture. Once this is done the two brackets are in exact alignment. To align brackets arranged at an angle to each other a beam deflecting device can be arranged in the path of the beam. All the auxiliary devices needed for measurement can likewise be exactly adjusted in accordance with the method.

Abstract: A force-torque sensor is provided for measuring all six possible force and orque components in the Cartesian coordinate system by means of wire strain gauges. The sensor has two identically designed integral spoke wheels each consisting of a rigid cylindrical outer ring and a central hub interconnected by four spokes. Proximate to the hubs of the two spoke wheels, such hubs being rigidly and solidly connected with each other, wire strain gauges are mounted in pairs on opposed spoke surfaces perpendicular to the central axis, as well as on the opposed surfaces of one diagonal pair of spokes of one of the two spoke wheels, the latter surfaces extending perpendicular to the former.

Abstract: In a method for determining the friction torque of a test bearing, wherein one race member of the test bearing is rotated at a constant rotational speed, while the other race member is connected via a measuring head to a spring acting as force pickup which generates a signal for a measurement of the friction torque of the test bearing, in order to simultaneously enable in a simple manner a high time resolution and calibratability of the friction torque, it is proposed that the motion of the system comprising measuring head and force pickup be damped as little as possible, that in order to calibrate the entire test device, the test bearing be replaced by an air bearing, that with this air bearing arrangement a signal proportional to the spring deformation and a signal proportional to the measuring head acceleration be generated, that a composite signal be formed from the two signals and the relationship of these two signals be set so that they cancel each other out, and that in the measurement of the friction

Abstract: A driving and positioning system consisting of a rotor equipped with permnt magnets and of a stator with at least two windings. The windings are connected to an electronic voltage-supply circuit controlled by rotor-position sensors for commutating the current. To improve its adjustment potential by converting the system into one that can be magnetically meshed or latched, the stator is non-ferrous, the disk-shaped stator windings, which are positioned in parallel planes, are overlapped in such a way that the magnetic field generated by the windings and surrounded by the coils is essentially parallel to the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnets, and the rotor-position sensors are each integrated into both windings. A practical electronic voltage-supply circuit for controlling the system is also described. It has two sets of multiplication stages and a set of addition stages in a prescribed layout.

Abstract: A driving and positioning system consisting of a rotor equipped with permnt magnets and of a stator with at least two windings. The windings are connected to an electronic voltage-supply circuit controlled by rotor-position sensors for commutating the current. To improve its adjustment potential by converting the system into one that can be magnetically meshed or latched, the stator is non-ferrous, the disk-shaped stator windings, which are positioned in parallel planes, are overlapped in such a way that the magnetic field generated by the windings and surrounded by the coils is essentially parallel to the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnets, and the rotor-position sensors are each integrated into both windings. A practical electronic voltage-supply circuit for controlling the system is also described. It has two sets of multiplication stages and a set of addition stages in a prescribed layout.

Abstract: The surface of the body is provided with grooves (5), which extend in the flow direction and which are separated from one another by ribs (4) which are constructed to have sharp edges. The surface is composed of a multiplicity of individual elements (3), which have the ribs (4) and grooves (5) on their side facing the flow. The individual elements (3) are disposed relative to one another and/or constructed in such a manner that slits are formed on the side facing the flow between the ribs and grooves. The slits (9) are connected with one another by channels (6) disposed below the surface of the individual elements (3) which faces the flow.

Abstract: A method for removing heat from a refrigeration load in a cyclically operating Gifford-McMahon refrigeration apparatus, with which in each cycle a compressed cooling gas from a high-pressure inlet is brought into heat contact with a regenerator cooled during the previous cycle and thereby cooled, the cooling gas is subsequently conveyed to a storage volume via the refrigeration load, the cooling gas is then expanded after closure of the high-pressure inlet by opening a low-pressure outlet and thereby cooled, and the cooling gas is partially conveyed by means of a displacer piston from the storage volume to the low-pressure outlet via the refrigeration load and the regenerator, refrigeration capacity hereby being transferred to the refrigeration load and the regenerator hereby being cooled.

Abstract: Generator for producing aerosols from liquids including an atomizer mounted in a vessel which is provided with an aerosol outlet. The outlet of the vessel is connected to an ejector operated by a gaseous driving agent. The atomizer is assembled from a plurality of vertically spaced rings with annular liquid outlets, a supply of compressed gas is discharged across the outlets causing the liquid to be drawn upwardly through the outlets.

Abstract: An apparatus for magnetocaloric refrigeration, comprising a ferromagnetic terial arranged in a rotor and alternately entering and exiting from a stationary magnetic field when the rotor rotates, and also comprising a circuit for a working gas coming into successive heat exchange contact with a ferromagnetic material arranged outside the magnetic field and thereby cooled, a refrigeration load, a ferromagnetic material located within the magnetic field and thereby heated as well as an external negative heat source.

Abstract: There is provided by the present invention an optical-electronic rangefin having a housing adapted to be integrated in the gripping arm or mechanism of a robot and housing a light transmitter transmitting a well focussed high intensity light beam, a light receiver having a position detector, a pulse-electronic circuit for controlling the light transmitter and an amplifier circuit for transforming the currents received from the position detector into proportional voltages. The light transmitter and light receiver are so disposed with respect to each other that the central axis of the light transmitter and the optical axis of the light receiver define a predetermined acute angle between each other.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the representation of video image sequences or scenes with a relative movement between a pick-up sensor and the viewed scene, such scenes being transmitted at reduced frame rate. By interpolation and/or extrapolation on the basis of two transmitted frames intermediate frames are generated on the receiving end of the transmission line and inserted into the transmitted frame sequence. The positions of image points (pels) which are identical in the two transmitted images are determined from the relationship of the pel positions for at least two identical pels on different vertical and horizontal coordinates in each of the two transmitted frames. Before reconstruction of the intermediate frames the mean brightness values for limited picture areas which represent the environment of at least one of the corresponding pels in two successive transmitted frames are determined.

Abstract: Boom of the wishbone-type for sailing boards, where the spars (4,6) at le have a core (12) made from a rigid foam, which has essentially plane surfaces on the inside and outside of the spars, which extend across a significant section of the length of the core. On the plane surfaces there are arranged synthetic-resin-strengthened UD-slivers (22), which extend in the longitudinal direction of the spars across the length thereof, and there is provided an outer layer (24) from a synthetic-resin-strengthened fibre fabric or braiding with slivers intersecting at an angle of between 30.degree. and 60.degree. to the longitudinal extension of the spars. The UD-slivers (22) are preferably arranged between the inner and the outer fabric layer (20,24) in the form of previously cured CFK-UD-strips.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the combustion or gasification of highly viscous nd/or suspended fuel in a burner flame. The fuel is introduced, in a nozzle, and in the form of a continuous, thin, annular layer, into a stream of atomizing medium, with the aid of which the fuel is atomized. The fuel is guided onto the inner wall of the nozzle as a continuous film at a velocity that is low with regard to wear action. The fuel is atomized at a terminal portion of the nozzle that has a knife-edge configuration. The fuel and the atomizing medium stream that flows within the annular film discharge at a minor resonant velocity.

Abstract: A rear support balance is utilized for measurement of the six components of he flight mechanics axis system for models mounted in wind tunnels. The balance has a balance body that is inserted between the model and the mounting. The balance body has an action beam 2 and a reaction beam 3 between which piezoelectric measurement pickups are arranged the respective emitted electric charge of which is a measure of the respective component.