Abstract: An energy saving process for purification of methyl tertbutyl ether by fractional distillation of a mixture containing dissolved water and C.sub.4 hydrocarbons characterized by phase separation of water and methyl tertiary butyl ether within the distillation column and withdrawal of the separated water phase from the column at a point below the point at which the mixture is supplied to the column.

Abstract: Aqueous synthetic dispersions based on copolymers of acryl polymers and/or vinyl polymers containing both hydroxylalkyl(meth)acrylate monomers and etherified N-alkylol(meth)acrylamide monomers. These dispersions are suitable as bonding agents for the production of glossy and solvent-resistant, thermosetting coating materials with good adhesion.

Abstract: Practically anhydrous crude sec-butyl alcohol produced by catalytic direct hydration of n-butenes is freed by means of water from the azeotropically boiling and low-boiling by-products by continuous azeotropic distillation in a separation column, the prepurified anhydrous sec-butyl alcohol obtained is withdrawn and the high-boiling by-products are subsequently separated in a separate column.

Abstract: An improved process for the production of lower aliphatic alcohols by the catalytic hydration of a lower aliphatic olefin in the presence of a strongly acidic cation exchange resin catalyst in a fixed bed reactor and in which a cationic surfactant has been added to the process water is provided.

Abstract: A direct hydration process for the production of isopropyl alcohol by reacting a propene-containing hydrocarbon stream with an aqueous stream in an interconnected series of reactors in the presence of an acidic cation exchange resin catalyst wherein the improvement comprises charging a propene-containing hydrocarbon stream to one end of a series of interconnected reactors and charging an aqueous stream to the opposite end of a series of interconnected reactors and directing the streams through the series of reactors so that the hydrocarbon stream and the aqueous stream flow in opposite directions with respect to the series of interconnected reactors and flow in parallel streams through each individual reactor is provided.

Abstract: A process for deodorizing technical-grade isopropyl alcohol by contacting the alcohol with a strongly acidic cation exchange resin loaded with silver in ionic form is provided.

Abstract: Tertiary alcohols with 4 or 5 carbon atoms are produced by reacting an isoolefin-containing hydrocarbon stream with water in the presence of a strongly acidic, solid hydration catalyst in such a way that each of the two process streams, the hydrocarbon stream and the process water, is cascaded through several reactors connected in series such that one process stream is fed to one end of the line of reactors and the other process stream to the other end of the line of reactors, and the two process streams pass through the line of reactors in opposite directions, while they pass through the individual reactors as parallel currents.

Abstract: A process for deodorizing technical-grade isopropyl alcohol by contacting the alcohol with a strongly acidic cation exchange resin loaded with palladium in ionic form is provided.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of a halogenated strongly acidic cation exchange resin catalyst on a styrene-divinylbenzene copolymerizate base which comprises treating the catalyst with deionized water at a temperature ranging from about 100.degree. to about 150.degree. C. in the absence of oxygen and metal ions is provided.

Abstract: A process for producing a lower aliphatic alcohol by splitting ethers whereby ethers are reacted at an elevated temperature and pressure with an excess of water in the presence of acidic hydration catalysts is disclosed.

Abstract: A method is provided for the continuous production of isopropanol and secondary butyl alcohol by catalytically hydrating the corresponding aliphatic olefin in an elongated reaction vessel in which co-product by-product dialkyl ether is separated from the reaction product and recycled to the reaction mixture being introduced therein at a point between the olefin feed inlet and the product outlet about 5 to 30 percent of the distance before the product outlet.

Abstract: The disclosed invention reduces water production substantially more than hydrocarbon production in producing wells by the injection of an aqueous solution of alginates. The alginate solution or following solutions may optionally contain agents for decelerating or accelerating gelling of the alginate.

Abstract: Mixing apparatus for a plurality of liquids and including an elongated passage for carrying one of said liquids to a mixing chamber. Said passage includes check valve means which opens into a distribution head which in turn forms a multiplicity of lateral streams. The second fluid is introduced to the mixing compartment by way of an inlet chamber which establishes an annular flow in a direction normal to the flow of the laterally exiting streams. The combined mixture is then discharged through a progressively constricted turbulence chamber.

Abstract: Methyl t-butyl ether and methyl t-amyl ether are produced by reacting methanol with isobutene and isoamylene, respectively, at a total methanol/isoolefine mole ratio of 1-1.2:1 in a series of reaction stages such that in the first reaction stage, the total amount of olefin component is reacted with as much methanol as is required to ensure that the methanol/isoolefine mole ratio in the first reaction stage does not drop to less than 0.65:1, and that the methanol concentration in the effluent stream does not exceed 0.4% wt. The residual amount of methanol is then fed either all at once to another reaction stage, or in portions to several additional reaction stages.

Abstract: The reaction product from etherification of C.sub.4 -C.sub.7 isoolefins with methanol in the presence of an acidic catalyst is washed with water in the presence of inert hydrocarbons thereby removing methanol and a part of the tertiary alcohol. The aqueous extract solution bottoms is distilled to separate methanol as overhead. Tertiary alcohols are withdrawn as a side stream from a tray of the distillation column with a high concentration thereof and fed into the washing column.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of triple- and multi-layer particle board employing phenol formaldehyde resin compositions for gluing particles in the outer layers of the board characterized by the use of a phenol formaldehyde resin composition having a viscosity of about 30-90 seconds (4-mm DIN cup), a solids content of between about 30 and 39 percent by weight and an alkali content of less than 8 percent by weight is provided.

Abstract: Environmentally harmful liquid or solid materials, especially crude oil of offshore oil fields in mudland and shallow-water regions are loaded and transferred in an environmentally safe manner in lockable basins. For performing the method according to the invention there are provided artificial islands including one or a plurality of basins lockable with barrier means, said basins being in particular equipped with counter-current systems and cleaning equipment. These artificial islands may at the same time be used for crude oil recovery, treatment, storing and processing of the offshore oil fields.

Abstract: A method of monitoring underground processes in which changes of material properties of underground strata occur in a limited area, especially in regard to in-situ combustions, gasifications in coal and petroleum deposits, in order to localize and determine the degree of change of material properties of underground strata, includes emitting exactly reproducible time-sequential seismic signals in each geological strata where changes are expected to take place. The signals are recorded in the appropriate geological stratum at one or more positions, or in the same position. The signals are stacked with signals of reverse sign. The magnitude of the difference signals obtained and their propagation time are determined.

Abstract: A process for the production of secondary butyl alcohol by the direct hydration of n-butenes in the presence of an acidic cation exchange resin catalyst which comprises depressurizing the vaporous product stream from a reactor to a pressure ranging from 15 to 40 bar and cooling the depressurizing product stream to a temperature of 120.degree. C. or below to liquefy the product stream, separating an aqueous fraction from said stream leaving an alcohol-butene/butane organic mixture, vaporizing said organic mixture, depressurizing said organic mixture to a pressure ranging from 3 to 30 bar and including a pressure of from 3 to 8 bar and introducing said depressurized organic mixture into a separation column to separate secondary butyl alcohol from said mixture.

Abstract: A method, when practiced, enhances seismic data so as to suppress noise in the seismic data. The seismic data was generated in a conventional manner by at least one receiver apparatus whose position does not substantially change. The method includes combining at least two elementary seismograms to form noise seismograms containing little or none of the desired signal. The number of different noise seismograms so derived is at least equal to the number of elementary seismograms to be combined to form a final seismogram. The probability distribution of noise is determined for each trace of the noise seismograms from the probability distributions of noise in the traces of the noise seismograms. The most probable form of the desired signals is derived from the probability distribution of noise in the traces of the elementary seismograms to provide the enhanced seismic data.