Abstract: A process for the liquid-phase hydrogenation of maleic anhydride to .gamma.-butyrolactone in the presence of a catalyst composed of cobalt oxide and palladium on a support of silica.

Abstract: The useful process life of aqueous urea solutions used in mineral oil urea dewaxing processes may be significantly prolonged by contacting with an acidic ion exchange resin at least a portion of the urea solution recovered from n-paraffin-urea adduct decomposition. The useful life of these aqueous urea solutions is further enhanced by contacting the urea solution with activated carbon in addition to the ion exchange resin.

Abstract: In contrast to the known alkyd resins (fatty acid-modified polyesters) produced by way of esterification reaction, the alkyd resins according to this invention are produced by way of successive addition reactions. As a result, the structure and the chain length of the molecules can be predetermined, and the products obtained consist of uniform polyester molecules. Such products have viscosities lower than that of the known alkyd resins, thereby permitting the production of baking varnish systems comprising a low solvent content.

Abstract: A method of suppressing noise trains that develop from harmonics of a vibrator-type sweep signal. It includes the step of generating a plurality of such sweep signals in series and with the phase of each succeeding sweep signal being shifted relative to the previous one by a predetermined phase angle which is a fraction of 2.pi.. The generated signals are separately recorded and transformed by inverse phase shifting before being added or stacked in a conventional manner.

Abstract: A method for starting a process to recover energy raw materials from a subterranean formation whereby igniters are injected into the upper region of the formation and inert gas is injected into the lower region of the formation, and thereafter an oxygen-containing gas is injected at a predetermined oxygen concentration and rate to initiate combustion, followed by increasing the oxygen concentration and/or rate of the injected gas to a maximum value.

Abstract: Process for the production of film forming synthetic resins for hair fixative compositions by reacting a methylolated 5,5-dialkylhydantoin containing 1-5 carbon atoms in each alkyl group at an elevated temperature in the presence of a bifunctional acid amide and/or amine. Hair fixative compositions containing 2-10% by weight of the resin product as the major or sole resin compound.

Abstract: Process for the production of film forming synthetic resins for hair fixative compositions by reacting a methylolated 5,5-dialkylhydantoin containing 1-5 carbon atoms in each alkyl group at an elevated temperature in the presence of a bifunctional acid amide and/or amine. Hair fixative compositions containing 2-10% by weight of the resin product as the major or sole resin compound.

Abstract: Process for the production of film forming synthetic resins for hair fixative compositions by reacting a methylolated 5,5-dialkylhydantoin containing 1-5 carbon atoms in each alkyl group at an elevated temperature in the presence of a bifunctional acid amide and/or amine. Hair fixative compositions containing 2-10% by weight of the resin product as the major or sole resin compound.This is a division of application Ser. No. 263,517, filed June 16, 1972, now Pat. No. 3,987,010.

Abstract: Process for the production of film forming synthetic resins for hair fixative compositions by reacting a methylolated 5,5-dialkylhydantoin containing 1-5 carbon atoms in each alkyl group at an elevated temperature in the presence of a bifunctional acid amide and/or amine. Hair fixative compositions containing 2-10% by weight of the resin product as the major or sole resin compound.

Abstract: Process for the production of film forming synthetic resins for hair fixative compositions by reacting a methylolated 5,5-dialkylhydantoin containing 1-5 carbon atoms in each alkyl group at an elevated temperature in the presence of a bifunctional acid amide and/or amine. Hair fixative compositions containing 2-10% by weight of the resin product as the major or sole resin compound.

Abstract: A system for optimal pressure control in a multistage evaporation unit comprising two or more series connected evaporation stages with at least one of the stages preceded by a heat source, where the fresh or feed solution is passed through heat exchangers in which it is heated by means of the vapors from the subsequent evaporation stages, and where a heat exchanger adapted to permit free flow of the vapor condensate through the heat exchanger inner portion or tube portion is arranged in the line through which the vapor leaves the higher-pressure evaporation stage.

Abstract: A continuous process for producing gamma-butyrolactone by hydrogenating maleic anhydride in two stages in the presence of a catalyst composed of cobalt oxide and palladium on a support of silica. The hydrogenation is performed at a hydrogen pressure of 100 to 125 atmospheres and at a temperature of 50.degree. to 100.degree. C. in the first stage and at 190.degree. to 220.degree. C. in the second stage.

Abstract: This invention comprises curing a polyepoxide composition in the presence of, as curing agent, 0.03-1 mole per 1 epoxide equivalent of 1,3,6,8-tetra azo-tricyclo-[4,4,1.sup.1,6.1.sup.3,8 ] dodecane thereby forming a cured compound and recovering said cured compound.

Abstract: A method for the initiation of an in-situ combustion in an underground formation by injecting into the formation an ignition mixture containing an olefinic hydrocarbon or an unsaturated fatty acid, an organic peroxide and a heavy metal salt.

Abstract: Improved resin solutions derived from phenol-acetone-formaldehyde co-condensates useful as binder in weather-proof wood materials and a process for the production of said solutions.

Abstract: A process for converting maleic anhydride to .gamma.-butyrolactone by treating the anhydride with hydrogen in the presence of co-catalysts comprising palladium and nickel-copper chromite at elevated pressures and temperatures.

Abstract: Metals are removed from metal- and asphaltene-containing petroleum oils by contacting the oil with pellets of sorptive type attapulgus clay which has been extruded and then dried at a temperature between about 100.degree. and 650.degree. C. to a volatile content of less than 20 weight %.

Abstract: A process for converting .gamma.-butyrolactone to tetrahydrofuran by treating the lactone with hydrogen in the presence of a cobalt-copper chromite catalyst at elevated pressures and temperatures.

Abstract: Supported olefin conversion catalysts are activated by a method which comprises calcining the catalyst, impregnating the calcined catalyst with an alcoholic solution of an alkali metal salt, an alkali metal base or an alkali metal alcoholate and then recalcining the catalyst.

Abstract: Flame-resistant foam plastics are prepared by mixing with an aqueous alkaline condensed phenol-formaldehyde resin solution an expanding agent such as hexane and an acidic curing agent after which the mixture is foamed and permitted to cure. Useful acidic curing agents, comprise mixtures of a strong inorganic or organic acid, a glycol and phosphoric acid.