Abstract: Alkylamine polyether surface active agent compositions and methods for using are described. The instant compositions are low foaming, and pH sensitive and are generally of the structure: ##STR1## in which (a) R.sub.1 may be hydrogen or alkyl;if R.sub.1 is hydrogen then R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 must be alkyl having a total number of carbon atoms falling in the range of 7 to 23;if R.sub.1 is alkyl, then R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 may be alkyl or hydrogen, the total number of carbon atoms in R.sub.1 +R.sub.2 +R.sub.3 +R.sub.4 falling in the range of 7 to 36 (preferably about 10 to 20);(b) The --(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.m --segment must be a poly(oxyethylene) homogeneous chain or "block" polymer (i.e., a homopolymer), m having an average value in the range of 1 to 15, preferably 5 to 13; and(c) Y is selected from the group consisting of:(1) homogeneous poly(oxypropylene) chain (PO) "block" polymer or residue (i.e., a homopolymer), of the structure--(C.sub.3 H.sub.6 O).sub.

Abstract: Wet and dry crocking are reduced on dyed textile cellulosic materials and their blends by aftertreatment with finish mixtures containing effective amounts of a reactive polyamine component and a blocked urethane prepolymer component. The polyamine component is a polyamide, epoxidized polyamide, chain-extended polyamide, epoxidized chain extended polyamide, epoxidized polyamine or epoxidized polyalkylenimine and the blocked urethane prepolymer component is a reaction product of excess polyisocyanate and hydroxy terminated polyether or hydroxy terminated polyester whose reactive isocyanate groups are blocked. Finish mixtures are applied to the dyed textile material, dried and cured to improve wet and dry crockfastness.

Abstract: Polyfunctional aziridines useful in crosslinking applications have been developed which are reaction products of (1) ethylene imine and (2) acrylates of alkoxylated trimethylol propane, neopentyl glycol, pentaerythritol, bis phenol A, bis phenol F and glycerol, each having a degree of alkoxylation of from about 2 to about 12. Examples are the bis aziridine of the diacrylate of the adduct of neopentyl glycol and 2 moles of ethylene oxide and the tris aziridine of the triacrylate of the adduct of trimethylol propane and 3 moles of ethylene oxide.

Abstract: Improvements in washing methods of deinking secondary fiber wherein substituted oxyethylene glycol nonionic surfactants are employed in the aqueous deinking medium, the improvement being the addition to the deinking medium of water soluble, low molecular weight polyelectrolyte dispersants, preferably of the structure ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are independent and can be hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 lower alkyl, alkylcarboxy (e.g., --CH.sub.2 COOH) or mixtures thereof; R.sub.3 and R.sub.6 can be hydrogen, carboxy, alkylcarboxy, or mixtures thereof, and X can be carboxy (including salts or derivatives thereof, e.g., amide), acetyl, or hydrocarbon moieties commonly attached to free radical polymerizable monomers (e.g., --C.sub.6 H.sub.5 in styrene); a+b having a value in the range of 15 to about 1,000.Polymers comprising polyacrylates constitute a particularly preferred class of polyelectrolytes for use in the present improved method.

Abstract: A self-inverting water-in-oil polymer emulsion having a low pour point is prepared by adding a pour point depressant, diol and triol in amounts effective to lower the pour point and inhibit skin formation on the emulsion. The emulsion may be prepared by adding a mixture of from about 0.05 to about 0.5 parts by weight of pour point depressant, from about 5.0 to about 100.0 parts by weight of diol and from about 5.0 to about 100.0 parts by weight of triol to 1.0 to 100.0 parts by weight of a self-inverting water-in-oil polymer emulsion.

Abstract: Polyfunctional aziridines useful in crosslinking applications have been developed which are reaction products of (1) ethylene imine and (2) acrylates of alkoxylated trimethylol propane, neopentyl glycol, pentaerythritol, bis phenol A, bis phenol F and glycerol, each having a degree of alkoxylation of from about 2 to about 12. Examples are the bis aziridine of the diacrylate of the adduct of neopentyl glycol and 2 moles of ethylene oxide and the tris aziridine of the triacrylate of the adduct of trimethylol propane and 3 moles of ethylene oxide.

Abstract: An amphoteric water-in-oil self-inverting polymer emulsion is prepared which contains a copolymer of (1) a nonionic vinyl monomer and (2) an amphoteric vinyl monomer or a terpolymer of (1) a nonionic vinyl monomer, (2) an anionic vinyl monomer and (3) a cationic vinyl monomer in the aqueous phase, a hydrocarbon oil for the oil phase, a water-in-oil emulsifying agent and an inverting surfactant. An example of a copolymer is a copolymer of (1) a nonionic vinyl monomer such as acrylamide or methacrylamide and (2) an amphoteric vinyl monomer such as a reaction product of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and monochloroacetic acid. An example of a terpolymer is a terpolymer of (1) a nonionic vinyl monomer such as acrylamide or methacrylamide, (2) an anionic vinyl monomer such as sodium acrylate and (3) a cationic vinyl monomer such as a triethyl ammonium ethyl methacrylate methosulfate salt.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for scavenging hydrogen sulfide which frequently becomes entrained in drilling fluid during the course of drilling operations through subterranean formations. The process consists of introducing a solid oxidant in powdered form into the circulating drilling fluid when hydrogen sulfide is encountered. The solid oxidants are selected from the group consisting of calcium hypochlorite (Ca(OCl).sub.2), sodium perborate (NaBO.sub.3), potassium permanganate (KMnO.sub.4), and potassium peroxydisulfate (K.sub.2 S.sub.2 O.sub.8). The solid oxidants are soluble in the drilling fluid, promoting fast and complete scavenging reactions without adversely altering the drilling fluid rheology.

Abstract: A method for making a quite finely divided particulate copolymeric perfluorocarbon having pendant cation exchange functional groups, and having an equivalent weight of at least in excess of 900 but not greater than about 1500. In the method, the perfluorocarbon copolymer is solvated in a solvent and then precipitated from solution by addition of a substance miscible in the solvent but having essentially no capability for solvating the perfluorocarbon copolymer. The method is conducted at a temperature generally below about 300.degree. C.

Abstract: A transcutaneous blood carbon dioxide sensor together with a method for making such a sensor and for making electrodes used in the sensor. The sensor comprises a palladium/palladium oxide junction type electrode and a silver/silver halide junction type electrode applied to an electrically nonconductive substrate, partially coated with an insulative dielectric and partially coated with a polymeric membrane material including a bound electrolyte, the polymeric membrane material being permeable to carbon dioxide. The Pd/PD0 electrode was made cathodic prior to terminating the electro-oxidizing conditions.

Abstract: Disclosed is a solid state oxygen sensor utilizing a noble metal first electrode and a silver/silver halide reference electrode and an oxygen permeable polymeric membrane electrolyte. Also disclosed is a method of producing said sensor and a method of using said sensor.

Abstract: Wet and dry crocking are reduced on dyed textile cellulosic materials and their blends by aftertreatment with finish mixtures containing effective amounts of a reactive component and a blocked urethane prepolymer component. The reactive component is a polyamide, epoxidized polyamide, chain-extended polyamide, epoxidized chain extended polyamide, polyamine epoxidized polyamine or epoxidized polyalkylenimine and the blocked urethane prepolymer component is a reaction product of excess polyisocyanate and hydroxy terminated polyether or hydroxy terminated polyester whose reactive isocyanate groups are blocked. Finish mixtures are applied to the dyed textile material, dried and cured to improve wet and dry crockfastness.

Abstract: Particulate carbonaceous materials water mixtures are prepared by adding a condensate which is a condensation product of(a) an aldehyde having from about 1 to about 7 carbon atoms,(b) a benzene derivative such as benzene sulfonic acid, an alkyl benzene sulfonic acid having at least one alkyl group of from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms and mixtures thereof, and optionally,(c) a naphthalene derivative such as naphthalene sulfonic acid, an alkyl naphthalene sulfonic acid having at least one alkyl group of from about 1 to about 12 carbon atoms and mixtures thereof.The condensate is added in an amount sufficient to reduce viscosity of the water mixture of carbonaceous materials, to stabilize carbonaceous materials in the water network and to improve pumpability. An acid form of the condensate or a salt may be added.

Abstract: Process for treating a clayey geological formation to prevent, inhibit or reduce swelling or migrating of clay particles in a formation by treating the formation with an effective amount of a quaternized oligomer which is the reaction product of a polyamine having a primary amino group and a tertiary amino group with a difunctional reactant to form a precondensate monomer which is then chain extended and quaternized by reaction with a dihalogenated hydrocarbon ether.A preferred oligomer is a product of:(I) about 1.0 mole of a precondensate which is the reaction product of(A) from about 2.0 to about 3.0 mole of a polyamine having a primary amino group and a tertiary amino group, the polyamine having a non-cyclic backbone containing between 1 and 6 carbon atoms, with(B) about 1.0 mole of a difunctional reactant which is a diester of a mixture of dicarboxylic acids such as adipic, glutaric and succinic acid, with(II) from about 1.0 to about 1.2 mole of a chain extender such as dichloroethylether.

Abstract: An amphoteric water-in-oil self-inverting polymer emulsion is prepared which contains a copolymer of (1) a nonionic vinyl monomer and (2) an amphoteric vinyl monomer or a terpolymer of (1) a nonionic vinyl monomer, (2) an anionic vinyl monomer and (3) a cationic vinyl monomer in the aqueous phase, a hydrocarbon oil for the oil phase, a water-in-oil emulsifying agent and an inverting surfactant. An example of a copolymer is a copolymer of (1) a nonionic vinyl monomer such as acrylamide or methacrylamide and (2) an amphoteric vinyl monomer such as a reaction product of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and monochloroacetic acid. An example of a terpolymer is a terpolymer of (1) a nonionic vinyl monomer such as acrylamide or methacrylamide, (2) an anionic vinyl monomer such as sodium acrylate and (3) a cationic vinyl monomer such as a triethyl ammonium ethyl methacrylate methosulfate salt.

Abstract: Aluminum salts of aromatic sulfonic acid formaldehyde condensates are useful cement additives and leather retanning agents. These salts prepared by reaction of freshly precipitated aluminum hydroxide with aromatic sulfonic acid formaldehyde condensate are of higher purity than aluminum salts obtained by prior art processes.

Abstract: Aqueous carbonaceous slurries having reduced viscosity, a stabilized network of carbonaceous material in water and improved pumpability are obtained by having present as a dispersant one or more particular water soluble sulfomethylated hydroxy aromatic products. Examples of dispersants are the water soluble sulfomethylation product of the water soluble residue obtained from resorcinol production by the alkaline fusion method, sulfomethylated phenol and sulfomethylated bisphenol A.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to preparing three-layer laminated "matrix" electrodes suitable for use as oxygen (air) cathodes in chlor-alkali and other electrochemical cells, fuel cells and in other electrochemical applications.The term "matrix" as used herein means that the active carbon particles are present within an unsintered network of carbon black-PTFE (fibrillated) material.This three-layer laminated electrode includes a porous, coherent, hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-containing backing (wet proofing) layer, with or without carbon black therein, in contact with the non-working surface of a "matrix" active layer containing catalyzed or uncatalyzed active carbon particles present within an unsintered network of fibrilliated carbon black-PTFE and an electroconductive current distributor laminated to the working surface of said active layer, and to a process for making said laminate.

Abstract: Slurries of carbonaceous material in oil, particularly coal, are stabilized with particular tertiary amines. An example is tallow amine first condensed with two moles of propylene oxide and then condensed with thirteen moles of ethylene oxide.

Abstract: Aqueous carbonaceous slurries having reduced viscosity, a stabilized network of carbonaceous material in water and improved pumpability are obtained by having present as a dispersant an alkali or ammonium bis-alkyl sulfosuccinate. An example is the sodium salt of bis-2-ethylhexyl sulfosuccinate.