Abstract: A dimensionally stable asbestos diaphragm is formed by direct coating on the foraminous cathode of an electrolytic cell from an asbestos fiber-particulate polymer slurry, followed by fusion of the thermoplastic polymer.

Abstract: Temperature resistant substrates, and particularly metals such as ferrous metals, coated for corrosion resistance with coatings containing particulate metal and hexavalent chromium-providing substance can now be made further corrosion resistant, as well as having excellent heat resistance, with a coating composite. In the composite, the undercoating contains a boric acid component plus substantial amounts of finely-divided aluminum as particulate metal. As an adjacent top layer, a coating containing silica substance is used.

Abstract: A dispersing agent which is(a) a condensation product of a substituted phenol sulfonic acid which is an arylphenol sulfonic acid or an aralkylphenol sulfonic acid with from about 0.5 to about 4 moles of formaldehyde per mole of substituted phenol sulfonic acid, or(b) a condensation product of (i) a substituted phenol sulfonic acid which is an arylphenol sulfonic acid or an aralkylphenol sulfonic acid and (ii) an aryl sulfonic acid with from about 0.5 to about 4 moles of formaldehyde per mole of substituted phenol sulfonic acid and aryl sulfonic acid wherein the weight ratio of substituted phenol sulfonic acid to aryl sulfonic acid is from about 0.95:0.05 to about 0.05:0.95.The dispersing agent may be used directly or reacted with a salt forming cation to obtain a salt. The condensation product is useful as a dispersing agent in hydraulic cement, mortar, concrete or the like.

Abstract: During the final stages of Al(OH).sub.3 production, deliquoring the aluminum trihydroxide slurry of excess sodium ions in the form of caustic liquor is conventionally achieved by numerous water washes prior to drying the product. Addition of an effective amount of highly charged, high molecular weight anionic polymer flocculant to the aluminum trihydroxide slurry improves the filtration rate, i.e., increases the amount and rate of removal of caustic liquor from the slurry. Addition of the flocculant reduces the amount of washing necessary to remove sodium ions from the final cake and also provides higher cake solids which results in greater production per unit time and less expenditure of energy in the drying process. Anionic polymers derived from 80 to 100% of an anionic vinyl monomer such as acrylic acid and from 20 to 0% of a nonionic vinyl monomer such as acrylamide having molecular weights between 1.5 to 12.0.times.10.sup.6 are useful in deliquoring aluminum trihydroxide slurries.

Abstract: Binary surfactant mixtures are added to particulate carbonaceous materials in oil slurries such as coal oil (COM) or coke oil mixtures in an amount sufficient to stabilize slurries during storage and dispersing at various temperatures. These stabilizer mixtures are added to either the oil or slurry and are effective with or without addition of water. Coal/coke oil slurries may contain from about 30 to about 90 parts by weight of oil, about 10 to about 70 parts by weight of powdered coal or coke, about 0.01 to about 6.0 parts by weight of the stabilizer mixture and about 0 to about 10 parts by weight of water. A useful stabilizer mixture contains from about 0.25 to about 0.75 parts by weight of an imidazoline quaternary salt and from about 0.75 to about 0.25 parts by weight of a nonionic surfactant which is ethylene diamine condensed first with about 80 moles of propylene oxide and then with about 20 moles of ethylene oxide.

Abstract: An environmentally acceptable gas is provided, under pressure, in the annulus of a casing arrangement which connects a wellhead to an underground storage zone containing stored product. Monitoring of the gas permits detection of leaks that might occur through casing leakage to an unsealed overburden. Leak detection and product loss prevention can be conducted without deleterious environmental impact.

Abstract: A highly efficient formaldehyde-free coating composition insolubilizer is prepared by reacting about 3 moles of glyoxal with 1 mole of urea resulting in a formation of a low molecular weight oligomer in a yield of 95-96%. The molar ratio of glyoxal to urea is very critical in obtaining the highest efficiency and is kept within narrow limits. The coating compositions of the present invention possess 2 till 4 times higher wet-rub resistance than the prior art compositions.

Abstract: A method for forming a hydrophilic coating upon a porous substrate such as a reticulate electrode or a filter from a dispersed, perfluorocarbon copolymer. Perfluorocarbon copolymer is dispersed in a solvating medium, a substantial portion, but not necessarily all of the perfluorocarbon being solvated. The dispersion is applied to the substrate and the dispersion medium is removed.

Abstract: Metals such as lead, silver, copper, calcium, antimony, cadmium, nickel and zinc are electroplated onto a film-forming metal substrate from the group of aluminium, titanium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum and alloys thereof, using an etching/electroplating solution comprising ions of the metal(s) to be plated, optionally alkali metal ions, aluminium halide and an aromatic hydrocarbon. Surface oxide is removed from the film-forming metal substrate by reaction with the aluminium halide and the metal(s) in solution to form soluble complexes, this possibly being assisted by anodization. This is followed by cathodically connecting the substrate and passing current to electroplate the metal(s) onto the oxide-free surface, directly in the same etching/electroplating solution.

Abstract: A series of ester and salt derivatives of fluorene-9-carboxylic acid and fluorene-1-carboxylic acid exhibit significant plant growth regulating properties, useful in controlling the size, shape, dormancy time, flowering time and/or fruit setting of plants, depending upon the concentrations used. They may also be used to control the growth rate, texture and color of turf grass. Presently preferred compounds include the cis-2,5-dimethylpyrrolidine salt of 1-fluorenecarboxylic acid, 9-cis-2,5-dimethyl-1-pyrrolidinyl-2-chlorofluorene-9-carboxylic acid, methyl ester, the 2,6-dimethylpiperidine salt of 1-fluorenecarboxylic acid, and the cis-2,5-dimethylpyrrolidine salt of 9-hydroxyfluorene-9-carboxylic acid.

Abstract: A dispersing agent which is(a) a condensation product of a substituted phenol sulfonic acid which is an arylphenol sulfonic acid or an aralkylphenol sulfonic acid with from about 0.5 to about 4 moles of formaldehyde per mole of substituted phenol sulfonic acid, or(b) a condensation product of (i) a substituted phenol sulfonic acid which is an arylphenol sulfonic acid or an aralkylphenol sulfonic acid and (ii) an aryl sulfonic acid with from about 0.5 to about 4 moles of formaldehyde per mole of substituted phenol sulfonic acid and aryl sulfonic acid wherein the weight ratio of substituted phenol sulfonic acid to aryl sulfonic acid is from about 0.95:0.05 to about 0.05:0.95.The dispersing agent may be used directly or reacted with a salt forming cation to obtain a salt. The condensation product is useful as a dispersing agent in hydraulic cement, mortar, concrete or the like.

Abstract: Improved stabilized water slurries of carbonaceous materials are obtained by having present a condensation product or a salt thereof of a substituted phenol sulfonic acid which is(a) an arylphenol sulfonic acid,(b) an aralkylphenol sulfonic acid,(c) an arylphenol sulfonic acid and arylsulfonic acid mixture, or(d) an aralkylphenol sulfonic acid and arylsulfonic acid mixture,condensed with from about 0.5 to about 4.0 moles of formaldehyde per mole of sulfonic acid with the proviso that the weight ratio if substituted phenol sulfonic acid to arylsulfonic acid is from about 0.95:0.05 to about 0.05:0.95 in the mixtures, the condensation product being present in an amount sufficient to reduce viscosity of the water slurry of carbonaceous materials, to stabilize carbonaceous materials in the water network and to improve its pumpability. If desired, an acid form or a salt of the condensation product may be used.

Abstract: Novel hydrophilic copolymers are prepared containing a major portion of polymerized units of an hydroxyalkyl acrylate or methacrylate monomer and a minor portion of a nitro-substituted aryl acrylate or methacrylate monomer, and optionally with a minor amount of an alkylene glycol diacrylate or methacrylate as a cross-linking agent. These copolymers are made by a free radical polymerization mechanism or by gamma radiation of the reaction mixture. These copolymers are particularly useful as soft contact lens polymers, being extremely resistant to clouding and/or discoloration in use.

Abstract: An effective amount of a free acid of a condensation product of naphthalenesulfonic acid and formaldehyde is added to a cementitious composition to improve its compressive strength and to reduce its water content. The free acid may be added to concrete, mortar, oil well cement slurries, grouting mixtures or the like. From about 0.05 to about 3.0% by weight is added to mortar mixtures and from about 0.1 to about 5.0% by weight is added to concrete mixtures.

Abstract: Aluminum salts of aromatic sulfonic acid formaldehyde condensates are useful cement additives and leather retanning agents. These salts prepared by reaction of freshly precipitated aluminum hydroxide with aromatic sulfonic acid formaldehyde condensate are of higher purity than aluminum salts obtained by prior art processes.

Abstract: Superplasticizers for cementitious compositions are produced from a raw material mixture of (1) naphthalenesulfonic acid formaldehyde condensate and (2) free sulfuric acid using a 1-step process or a 2-step process. In the 1-step process, the mixture is neutralized with a zinc compound such as zinc oxide to a pH of about 2 to obtain a superplasticizer mixture of the free acid of the naphthalenesulfonic acid formaldehyde condensate and zinc sulfate. In the 2-step process, the mixture is first neutralized with a zinc compound such as zinc oxide to a pH of about 2 and then with a base such as sodium hydroxide to a pH of about 6 to obtain a superplasticizer mixture of the sodium salt of the naphthalenesulfonic acid formaldehyde condensate and zinc sulfate. These superplasticizer mixtures are superior to a low salt content commercial sodium salt of a naphthalenesulfonic acid formaldehyde condensate where sodium sulfate content has been reduced by lime treatment.

Abstract: Aqueous carbonaceous slurries having reduced viscosity, a stabilized network of carbonaceous material in water and improved pumpability are obtained by having present a salt of naphthalenesulfonic acid formaldehyde condensate and at least one water soluble polymer selected from the group consisting of sodium alginate, guar gum, locust bean gum, carboxymethylhydroxypropyl guar gum, hydroxypropyl guar gum and guarpak guar gum. For example, a mixture of 96.8% by weight of ammonium naphthalenesulfonic acid formaldehyde condensate and 3.2% by weight of sodium alginate can be added to an aqueous coal slurry in an amount of 0.31% by weight of the slurry.

Abstract: An amphoteric water-in-oil self-inverting polymer emulsion is prepared which contains a copolymer of (1) a nonionic vinyl monomer and (2) an amphoteric vinyl monomer or a terpolymer of (1) a nonionic vinyl monomer, (2) an anionic vinyl monomer and (3) a cationic vinyl monomer in the aqueous phase, a hydrocarbon oil for the oil phase, a water-in-oil emulsifying agent and an inverting surfactant. An example of a copolymer is a copolymer of (1) a nonionic vinyl monomer such as acrylamide or methacrylamide and (2) an amphoteric vinyl monomer such as a reaction product of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and monochloroacetic acid. An example of a terpolymer is a terpolymer of (1) a nonionic vinyl monomer such as acrylamide or methacrylamide, (2) an anionic vinyl monomer such as sodium acrylate and (3) a cationic vinyl monomer such as a triethyl ammonium ethyl methacrylate methosulfate salt.