Abstract: The specification and drawings disclose an anode assembly for use in electrolytic cells, and apparatus for forming such assemblies. The anode assembly comprises an anode riser to which is joined a parallel pair of metal sheets which form anode surfaces. The sheets are joined to the riser by connecting means which permit movement of the sheets toward and away from one another while maintaining their parallel relationship. Additionally, the connecting means is such that it maintains a tension on the sheets to prevent them from warping or assuming a non-planar configuration. The disclosed apparatus permits assembly of the sheets to the riser in a simple, rapid manner.

Abstract: Trace minerals when in contact with vitamin A in animal feed supplements and in animal feed have a deleterious effect upon vitamin A. This effect is reduced by treating trace minerals with lignin sulfonates before bringing the trace minerals into contact with vitamin A.

Abstract: Water based defoamer compositions which are invert (water in oil) emulsions containing quick-chilled amides, hydrophobic silica, polymers, emulsifiers, oil and water are useful in defoaming aqueous systems such as found in the kraft pulping process. Optionally, these defoamer compositions may contain silicone surfactants, formaldehyde solution and silicone oil.

Abstract: Improved process for the chloromethylation of cross-linked vinylaromatic polymers and copolymers wherein a chlorine generator is incorporated into the reactants and a metallic chloride replaces part or all of the sulfuric acid used in forming the chloromethylating complex. The chloromethylated polymer may be further functionalized to produce an ion-exchange resin.

Abstract: Certain imidazothiazoles and thiazolopyrimidines have been found to prevent and inhibit the formation of granuloma tissue in animals. This result is accomplished by administering to the animal subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or methyl, R' is hydrogen, lower alkyl or thioalkyl, carboxy methyl, or phenyl; R" is lower alkyl, 2-benzofuranyl, naphthyl, phenyl, or mono- or disubstituted phenyl. The hydrated precursors of certain of these compounds as well as the acid addition and quaternary salts of both the compounds and their hydrated precursors may be employed.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of operation for oxygen electrodes which maximize the power efficiency available from such oxygen electrodes while minimizing the voltage necessary to operate such oxygen electrodes. These methods include control of the pressure of the air feed side of the oxygen electrode, control of the total flow of the air feed side, the humidification of the air feed side of the oxygen electrode and the elimination of CO.sub.2 from the air feed to the oxygen electrode to increase the lifetime of such electrodes as applied to a chlor-alkali electrolytic cell.

Abstract: In an electrolytic cell of the membrane type wherein the anolyte and catholyte are separated by a hydraulically impermeable membrane, the improvement comprising limiting the hydraulically impermeable membrane portion of the divider between anolyte and catholyte chambers to that area which is between the active areas of the anode and cathode while all other areas between catholyte and anolyte chambers are nonpermeable so as to minimize back-migration of undesirable ions which decrease overall current efficiency. Specifically, in a chlor-alkali cell an electrode would be enclosed in a fluorinated ethylene propylene enclosure having window-like openings therein made from Nafion type hydraulically impermeable cation exchange membrane, said window-like openings exposing only active electrode areas.

Abstract: Carbamate derivatives of ketoximes are useful in combating pests such as insects, mites, and nematodes.

Abstract: An improved anode and base assembly for diaphragm type electrolytic cells is disclosed. In the present embodiment, downwardly facing annular portions at the base of the anode risers of dimensionally stable anodes of the type well-known in the art are welded from below directly to a metal cell base cover which seals the electrolyte contained within the cell from the cell base which is generally of copper or aluminum, thereby eliminating corrosion problems associated with leaks in the rubber gaskets or blankets formally used between the anode risers and the cell base.

Abstract: Microemulsion defoamer compositions which are oil in water colloidal dispersions are useful in defoaming aqueous systems such as in paper machines and latex paints. These compositions are prepared by mixing a water dispersible organic material, ethylene oxide condensate, coupling agent, water, basic material and antigelling agent.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrode for use in electrochemical processes wherein a metal substrate made of a valve metal such as titanium carries a semi-conducting intermediate coating consisting of a combination of tin and antimony oxides laid down upon the valve metal substrate in a series of layers and a top coating consisting of an oxide selected from the group of chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum or tungsten applied in a series of layers.

Abstract: 6-Hydroxyhexyl perfluoroisopropyl ether is prepared by reaction of hexafluoroacetone and potassium fluoride to obtain an alcoholate which is then reacted with 1-chloro-6-hexanol. One mole of the ether may be reacted with about 1 mole to about 20 moles of ethylene oxide to produce a hydroxyethyl ether. One mole of 2,2,3,4,4,4-hexafluorobutanol may be reacted with from about 1 to about 5 moles of propylene oxide to produce a hydroxypropyl ether. One mole of hexafluorobutanol may also be reacted with about 1 to about 5 moles of propylene oxide and then about 1 mole to about 20 moles of ethylene oxide to produce a hydroxyethyl ether. The hydroxyhexyl ether, hydroxylpropyl ether and both hydroxyethyl ethers may be sulfated to produce anionic surfactants which are useful as antistatic agents and lubricants for polymeric shapes such as nylon films and filaments.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of an expanded, water insoluble silicate aggregate. Anhydrous alkali metal silicate is hydrated in the presence of a curing agent, then is subjected to rapid thermal expansion. The process eliminates the use of liquid silicates, and the reaction is conducted in an essentially dry state. The expanded product has extremely low bulk density.

Abstract: A method of producing a sol of an element selected from the group consisting silicon, aluminum, antimony, chromium, manganese, molybdenum, tin and tungsten comprising electrodialytically transferring alkali metal cations of an aqueous solution of a water soluble alkali metal salt of the oxide of the said element from an anode compartment of an electrolytic cell to a cathode compartment of the electrolytic cell while essentially preventing the migration of the metal oxide into the cathode compartment by positioning a cation permselective membrane between the anode compartment and the cathode compartment while carefully and continuously controlling the pH of the solution and removing the so-produced sol from the anode compartment of the electrolytic cell as well as a novel electrodiayltic cell for sol formation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a new form of brine flow meter necessary in metering brine to an electrolytic cell for the production of chlorine and caustic (sodium hydroxide). The flow meter is made advantageously of a plastic material resistant to the various pH ranges necessary for brine being fed to such an electrolytic cell with the additional advantage of clarity for visual observation of the flow rate and resistance qualities.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrolytic cell for the generation of low cost halogen biocidally active agent from an aqueous solution having a low halogen salt content for use in the treatment of sewage or other liquid effluents, especially those of fresh water swimming pools or fresh water cooling towers. The electrolytic cell is used in line with pumps generally associated with the distribution of waters for swimming pools or cooling towers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improvement in a process for polymerization of polyvinyl chloride, particularly in a suspension polymerization process which provides for removal of residual vinyl chloride monomer, such as by employing a step in which the PVC suspension resin slurry is passed through a column in which it is subjected to a combination of stream and pressure/vacuum conditions. In the improved process of the present invention, the PVC suspension resin slurry feed to the stripping column is first passed through the cold feed side of a spiral hat exchanger, and the PVC suspension slurry outflow from the stripping column is passed through the hot feed side of the heat exchanger, whereby the feed stream to the stripping column acts as a cooling medium for the outlet stream from the stripping column, and the outlet stream from the stripping column serves as a preheating medium for the feed stream.

Abstract: Improved yields of 1.alpha.,3.beta.-dihydroxy-steroid-5-enes are obtained by the addition of the alkali metal/liquid ammonia reduction products of 1.alpha.,2.alpha.-epoxy-4,6-dien-3-one steroids to a quenching agent such as liquid ammonia/ammonium chloride mixture. Specific steroids reduced by these procedures include 1.alpha.,2.alpha.-epoxycholesta-4,6-dien-3-one and 25-hydroxy-1.alpha.,2.alpha.-epoxycholesta-4,6-dien-3-one.

Abstract: Dairy products such as cottage cheese, bakers' cheese and cream cheese are prepared by adding an acidogen system containing an alihatic C.sub.2-8 dione and hydrogen peroxide to milk of varying butterfat and milk solids content. Acid necessary for acidification is generated by the oxidation of the dione "in situ". Curd formed by case in coagulation is then further processed to make various cheeses.

Abstract: Disclosed is a stack pack type electrolytic cell for the generation of chlorates or hypochlorites of sodium or potassium having the ability to make economical use of materials while eliminating the necessity for large external studs for the electrode components, housings to retain fluids and intercell piping connections since the cell can be increased in capacity by adding chambers and electrode stack packs to the cell makeup or adding electrodes to the stack packs. Such an electrolyzer can utilize mass produced components to produce various capacities and can be assembled either monopolar or bipolar in configuration to make most efficient use of existing electrical supply equipment.