Abstract: Double heating flues are arranged transversely to the horizontal axes of coke oven chambers within heating walls therefor. Side walls between each double heating flue have an internal passageway in the lower part communicating by exit orifices at vertically-spaced locations with the heating flues at the opposite sides of the side wall. The lower parts of the side walls converge horizontally into side wall portions some of which abut against the vertical heating wall and others extend through the vertical heating wall in an alternating arrangement of superimposed bricks. The upper parts of the side walls extend into load-bearing contact with the roof for the coke oven chambers. In the heating walls, three identical stretcher bricks in each course interlock by tongue-and-groove abutment joints. The middle brick abuts in a symmetrical relation with a flue side wall.

Abstract: A noble gas after heating in a nuclear reactor is passed through a tube-type reactor to carry out endothermic chemical reactions with a gas. The tube-type reactor includes reactor tube assemblies in a bundle formation supported by a mounting plate. A cover tube surrounds the upper portion of each reactor tube assembly. The cover tubes extend from the bottom surface of the mounting plate to a point slightly above the noble gas discharge opening in the pressure jacket of the reactor. The lower end portions of each cover tube include a reinforced member to seal the interspaces between the cover tubes and to seal the space between the cover tubes and the wall of the pressure jacket. Above the mounting plate are sealing containers including end members having edge flanges that are welded together to form a seal between the top side of the mounting plate and the reactor tube assemblies.

Abstract: Industrial waste gases containing sulfur dioxide, hydrogen fluoride, hydrochloric acid and sulfur trioxide are treated within a reaction tank in a first stage with a solution containing ammonium ions to increase the dew point of the gases. The gases are then cooled below the elevated dew point in a second stage below which a deflector system directs the gases along the wall of the reaction tank into a third stage where the gases are cooled by a spray mist of an ammonia mixture to form ammonium salts. The gases are then treated in a fourth stage at the bottom of the reaction tank with the solution containing ammonium ions to precipitate ammonium salts into a reservoir below the reaction tank. Purified waste gases are discharged into a cooler where a stripper removes entrained droplets of liquid before discharge into the atmosphere. The droplet size of the solution sprayed into the second stage is larger than the droplet size of the solution sprayed into the first stage.

Abstract: Apparatus for continuously separating sulfur from an aqueous sulfur suspension which is heated above the melting point of sulfur. The apparatus comprises a pressure vessel having heating and stirring devices in its upper part, the lower part of the vessel serving as a settling tank where sulfur is precipitated out of the aqueous solution and withdrawn through an outlet in the bottom of the vessel. Inclined separator plates extend within an outer annular chamber formed between the vessel and heating device. Intermediate the upper and lower parts of the vessel is a substantially horizontal, shallow conical partition which has apertures or slots therein to permit the suspension to pass from the upper part to the lower part. A steam-heated jacket surrounds the vessel. Pressure sensing devices are utilized to maintain the level of the water in the top part and the boundary surface between the water phase and the sulfur phase in the bottom part at desired heights.

Abstract: An inner cylindrical shell assembly includes a metal cylinder with the wall thereof divided along at least one but typically a plurality of longitudinal parting lines. A stress compensator tube extends along each parting line and is welded to the edge surfaces of the metal cylinder. An inner stratum of solid corundum bricks overlies an outer stratum of corundum bricks which has internal spherical hollows. These strata of bricks are retained under stress within the inner cylindrical shell assembly. This assembly is received within an outer cylindrical metal shell and annular members are disposed within an annular space between the shells with a felt mat disposed between the annular members and the inner cylindrical shell.

Abstract: A coke oven construction is provided having a vertical ascension pipe connected by an elbow to a gas-collecting main. A water seal is placed between the elbow and the collecting main and carries a stream jet aspirating pump. The seal and pump are movable in and out of position and the pump can be closed off.

Abstract: An enclosed quenching car movable along a battery of coke ovens and adapted to receive coke from each oven in succession and quench it without polluting the atmosphere. The car includes an enclosure containing a pivotal quenching tank with interior dimensions substantially corresponding to the dimensions of the carbonized coke cake to be accommodated therein. One side of the pivotal tank is formed from a water-permeable grid such that the coke cake within the tank can be rotated into a horizontal plane and the coke completely immersed in water passing through the permeable grid; while dust and gases are extracted without polluting the atmosphere. In this manner, the coke is quenched in such a way that it is yielded in large pieces with a defined uniform water content in the coarse and fine coke.

Abstract: A system is provided for cooling high-temperature, high-pressure gasifiers having cooling tubes which extend vertically through the walls of the gasifier and are connected in a closed cooling water circulation system.In accordance with the invention, the cooling tubes are coated on the inside of the gasifier with a plasma or flame sprayed ceramic coating, preferably consisting of alumina, and are embedded in a ramming compound such as tamped clay.

Abstract: An elbow cover for a coke oven ascension pipe characterized in that the opening which is covered is oval in shape and is formed at the junction of the ascension pipe and a downwardly-extending supply pipe leading to a gas-collecting main. The oval-shaped cover is provided with an immersion cup seal and a spaced sealing plate. Because of the oval shape of the opening, cleaning tools can be readily inserted into the opening to clean both the ascension pipe as well as the supply pipe.

Abstract: A system for detecting faults in the wall of a high-temperature pressure vessel, such as a fuel gasifier. The wall comprises an outer metallic shell having an inner refractory lining, together with cooling tubes extending along the refractory lining. In order to detect a fault, such as a rupture in a cooling tube and resultant melting of the refractory in the vicinity of the fault, one or more electrical conductors are embedded in the refractory and connected at their opposite ends to an external energizing circuit such that when the refractory melts, so also will the conductor, thereby breaking the circuit to indicate the existence of the fault.

Abstract: A method for operating a battery of horizontal coke ovens which are connected to primary and secondary gas-collecting mains extending alongside the battery, wherein dust-laden gas which occurs during charging of an oven is caused to flow through the secondary main while the velocity of the gas in the secondary main is maintained at a level which will prevent settling of the dust and the temperature within the secondary main is maintained at a level which will prevent condensation of tars.

Abstract: Apparatus for continuously separating sulfur from an aqueous sulfur suspension which is heated above the melting point of sulfur. The apparatus comprises a pressure vessel having heating and stirring means in its upper part, the lower part of the vessel serving as a settling tank where sulfur is precipitated out of the aqueous solution and withdrawn through an outlet in the bottom of the vessel. Intermediate the upper and lower parts of the vessel is a substantially horizontal, shallow conical partition which has apertures or slots therein to permit the suspension to pass from the upper part to the lower part. A steam-heated jacket surrounds the vessel; while pressure sensing devices are utilized to maintain the level of the water in the top part and the boundary surface between the water phase and the sulfur phase in the bottom part at desired heights.

Abstract: Hot gases containing naphthalene and tar together with the possible inclusion of solids are contacted in a spray tower with water to cool the gases. A naphthalene extraction agent, such as tar, is vigorously admixed with water withdrawn from the spray tower. The admixture is separated in a settling tank from which water is obtained and recycled to the spray tower for cooling further quantities of gases. Solids, gas condensate and tar enriched with naphthalene are separately removed from the settling tank.

Abstract: The operation of a battery of coke ovens with regenerative change of draught on heating flues includes adjustably controlling the combustion of gases in the heating flues to insure uniform vertical heating of the coking coal in the coke oven chambers. Control elements for the operation of discrete heating flues in each heating wall are adjusted to insure uniform heating of the coking coal along the length of the heating walls. A gas supply rate is selected for the delivery of gas into the heating flues to define a carbonizing time corresponding to a high output capacity of coke from the coke oven battery. The heat consumption by the coking coal in the coke oven chambers is reduced during each regenerative half period by interruptions to the supply of gas at the gas supply rate without modifying or adjusting the control elements employed to insure uniform heat distribution in the heating flues.

Abstract: A battery of horizontal coke ovens which are connected to two gas-collecting mains extending alongside the battery, one of said mains having means for cleaning dust-laden gases emitted from the coke ovens during charging with coal without the use of a flushing liquor and incorporating means for inhibiting the condensation of tar-based matter in the gas. The invention also relates to a method for operating such a battery of horizontal coke ovens.

Abstract: Studs projecting downwardly from the decking carrying a battery of underjet coke ovens, all received in recesses in support walls which extend only in a parallel direction to the heating walls for the over chambers. Dampers are provided between the studs and the vertical surfaces of the recesses in the support walls for absorbing forces such as those developed during earthquakes which act parallel to the heating walls of the coking chambers. Strip members project downwardly from the decking along the sides of the support walls. Dampers are interposed between the strip members and support walls to absorb forces acting in a direction normal to the longitudinal heating walls of the coking chambers. The decking includes individual decking portions with adjoining boundary surfaces having interlocking projections.

Abstract: Vertical heating flues between adjacent coke oven chambers include rich-gas burners extending essentially to progressively increasing elevations in the flues in a manner such that the burner exit zones increase from flue-to-flue to a maximum elevation at the pusher side of each oven chamber. At the pusher side, the coke oven chamber has a minimum width which increases to a maximum width at the coke side where the rich-gas burners have exit zones at the lowest elevation in the heating flues. Such a rich-gas burner arrangement may additionally include rich-gas burners with exit zones at the soles of alternate heating flues while the remaining heating flues contain the burners extended to progressively increasing elevations. When the coke oven chambers are heated by twin-heating flues, the rich-gas burners extend vertically from the soles of only one heating flue in each of the twin-heating flues.

Abstract: Gas-flow resistance elements are incorporated in each of the rich-gas distribution lines, the lean-gas distribution ducts and the smoke-gas ducts forming part of a battery of coke ovens. The flow resistance elements are employed to insure uniform and adequate distribution of combustion media along the individual rows of heating flues of the coke oven battery. Substantially identical gas-flow resistance elements in the rich-gas distribution lines reduce the flow of rich-gas by an amount which is greater than 50 mmWG whereby, for example, a rich-gas head pressure of 120 mmWG is reduced to approximately 70 mmWG. Substantially identical gas-flow resistance elements in the lean-gas distribution branch ducts reduce the lean-gas pressure therein by an amount greater than 100 mmWG. Substantially identical gas-flow resistance elements in the smoke-gas ducts reduce the flow of smoke-gas therein by an amount corresponding to a loss of head pressure which is greater than 15 mmWG.

Abstract: Iron ore pellets on a grid in a treatment chamber are hardened by contact with a heat treated, low calorific gas. The gas is generated in the gasification chamber of a slag bath generator. The generator receives a gasification agent and solid fuel that preferably further includes sulfur-binding materials, such as dolomite for generating a stream of low calorific gas. Inclined water-cooled pipes at the upper end of the slag bath generator extract liquid slag from the gas stream. The slag drips from the pipes into the slag bath generator. A mixing chamber receives the gas at a temperature of about 1450.degree. C passed beyond the inclined water-cooled pipes together with an air supply for heat treating the gas to a temperature of about 1100.degree. C. The heat treated gas is then passed into the treatment chamber for hardening the iron ore pellets contained therein.

Abstract: A control system for a pressure vessel receiving a flow of hot rare gas, such as helium, from a nuclear reactor. The control system includes a thermocouple supported on the vessel wall within an airgap formed by an outwardly-spaced layer of insulation. An aperture in the bottom of the layer of insulation feeds air into the airgap. Air is withdrawn through an aperture in the top of the layer of insulation and passed along a conduit containing a control valve, and thence, through a motor controlled blower to a chimney. A controller receives the signal from the thermocouple for adjusting the control valve to both maintain a small continuous airflow and adjustably control the flow of air delivered by the conduit line to the chimney. The controller also controls the motor-driven blower. The flow of helium through the pressure vessel is detected to provide an output signal for controllably varying the operation of the blower.