Abstract: Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) induces sequence-specific post-transcriptional gene silencing in many organisms by a process known as RNA interference (RNAi). Using a Drosophila in vitro system, we demonstrate that 19-23 nt short RNA fragments are the sequence-specific mediators of RNAI. The short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are generated by an RNase III-like processing reaction from long dsRNA. Chemically synthesized siRNA duplexes with overhanging 3? ends mediate efficient target RNA cleavage in the lysate, and the cleavage site is located near the center of the region spanned by the guiding siRNA. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the direction of dsRNA processing determines whether sense or antisense target RNA can be cleaved by the produced siRNP complex.

Abstract: The present invention relates to nanoparticles-containing stratified compositions for low refractive index compositions of utility as anti-reflective coatings for optical display substrates. The compositions comprise a high index refractive stratum and a low refractive index stratum on top of the high index stratum, and containing different nanoparticles in each stratum.

Abstract: Provided is a multi-layer article comprising an electrically conductive metal layer adheringly contacting the surface of a polymeric composite film less than 500 ?m in thickness, having a surface, the polymeric composite film comprising a polymer and a plurality of surface-modified hexagonal boron nitride particles dispersed therewithin. A process of film casting onto a conductive metal layer is provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of composite structures, overmolded composites structures and processes for their preparation, particularly it relates to the field of polyamide composite structures.

Abstract: A pump arrangement includes a pump having a pump inlet and a pump outlet, and a safety valve arranged between the pump outlet and an outlet of the pump arrangement and having a valve seat and a valve lid. The valve seat, the pump outlet and the pump inlet are patterned in a first surface of a first integrated part of the pump arrangement, whereas the valve lid is formed in a second integrated part of the pump arrangement. An inlet of the pump arrangement and a fluid region fluidically connected thereto are formed in a third part of the pump arrangement. The second integrated part is arranged between the first integrated part and the third part of the pump arrangement such that a pressure in the fluid region has a closing effect on the safety valve, the pump inlet and the inlet of the pump arrangement being connected fluidically.

Abstract: A dual-axis folding table including four quarter panels that together form a table top when extended into a flat and horizontal position. The four quarter panels include a first panel and a second panel hinged together with a first axis hinge along a first folding axis, a fourth panel and a third panel hinged together with an additional first axis hinge, also along the first folding axis, and the second panel and the third panel further hinged together with a second axis hinge along a second folding axis. Furthermore, the first panel is configured to fold into the second panel about the first axis hinge and the fourth panel is configured to fold into the third panel about the additional first axis hinge to fold the table top in half, and the second panel is configured to fold into the third panel about the second axis hinge to fold the table top into a quarter-sized self-contained carrying case.

Abstract: An improved guard rail system spacer block having a front face, a rear face and an outer circumferential undulating surface surrounding a plurality of individual spaced apart cavities that extend from one of such faces to the other. Lugs project from the rear face to support the block on a post of a roadway guard rail system and align it with the post during installation of the system and a lug projects from the front face to temporarily support a guard rail strip during installation of the guard rail system.

Abstract: This invention relates to an isolated nucleic acid fragment encoding a farnesyltransferase subunit. The invention also relates to the construction of a chimeric gene encoding all or a portion of the farnesyltransferase subunit, in sense or antisense orientation, wherein expression of the chimeric gene results in production of altered levels of the farnesyltransferase subunit in a transformed host cell.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for improving hydrocarbon-water compatibility. More specifically, the invention relates to methods for enhancing the production of surface-active agents in hydrocarbon-exposed surface waters in order to improve hydrocarbon-water compatibility. Hydrocarbon-exposed surface waters having enhanced levels of surface-active agents can be used to improve remediation of subsurface hydrocarbon-contaminated sites.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for preparing a 2-substituted-5-oxo-3-pyrazolidinecarboxylate compound of Formula I The method comprises contacting a succinic acid derivative of the formula R1OC(O)C(H)(X)C(R2a)(R2b)C(O)Y (i.e. Formula II) wherein X and Y are leaving groups and L, R1, R2a and R2b are as defined in the disclosure, with a substituted hydrazine of the formula LNHNH2 (i.e. Formula III) in the presence of a suitable acid scavenger and solvent. Also disclosed is the preparation of compounds of Formula IV wherein X1, R6, R7, R8a, R8b, R9, and n are as defined in the disclosure. Also disclosed is a composition comprising on a weight basis about 20 to 99% of the compound of Formula II wherein R1, R2a, R2b, R3, R4 and R5 are as defined in the disclosure; X is Cl, Br or I; and Y is F, Cl, Br or I; provided that when R2a and R2b are each H, and X and Y are each Cl then R1 is other than benzyl and when R2a and R2b are each phenyl, and X and Y are each Cl, then R1 is other than methyl or ethyl.

Abstract: A method for using a segmented grounding system, including a bit including a coupling portion at a first end, and a generally tapered second end, a shaft with a first end configured to couple to the coupling portion of the bit, and a second end comprising a receiving structure, and a tool configured to couple to the receiving structure of the second end of the shaft.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions of matter that are ionic liquids, the compositions comprising any of eleven cations combined with any of three fluorinated sulfonated anions. Compositions of the invention should be useful as solvents and, perhaps, as catalysts for many reactions, including aromatic electrophilic substitution, nitration, acylation, esterification, etherification, oligomerization, transesterification, isomerization and hydration.

Abstract: Disclosed are oriented films comprising toughened poly(hydroxy-alkanoic acid) resin compositions comprising poly(hydroxyalkanoic acid) and an impact modifier comprising an ethylene copolymer made from monomers (a) ethylene; (b) one or more olefins of the formula CH2?C(R3)CO2R4, where R3 is hydrogen or an alkyl group with 1-6 carbon atoms, such as methyl, and R4 is glycidyl; and optionally (c) one or more olefins of the formula CH2?C(R1)CO2R2, where R1 is hydrogen or an alkyl group with 2-8 carbon atoms and R2 is an alkyl group with 1-8 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, or butyl. The ethylene copolymer may further be made from carbon monoxide monomers. The compositions may further comprise one or more ethylene/acrylate and/or ethylene/vinyl ester polymers, ionomers, and cationic grafting agents. Also disclosed are packaging materials and containers comprising the oriented films.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel photoresist compositions and processes for preparing the same utilizing polymers having a low polydispersity via the use of certain chain transfer agents (CTA) with certain monomers to provide said polymers. The polymers incorporating the chain transfer agents can be homopolymers, or made with additional monomers to provide copolymers. These polymers/copolymers are then converted into photoresist compositions for use as such.

Abstract: Hydrofluoroalkanesulfonates of the general formula R—O—CXH—CX2—SO3M, where R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups, functionalized alkyl groups, and alkenyl groups; X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and fluorine with the proviso that at least one X is fluorine; and M is a cation, are made by reacting fluorovinyl ether with aqueous sulfite solution. Organic onium hydrofluoroalkanesulfonates are useful as ionic liquids and photoacid generators.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions of matter that are ionic liquids, the compositions comprising any of eleven cations combined with any of three fluorinated sulfonated anions. Compositions of the invention should be useful as solvents and, perhaps, as catalysts for many reactions, including aromatic electrophilic substitution, nitration, acylation, esterification, etherification, oligomerization, transesterification, isomerization and hydration.

Abstract: A constitutive plant S-adenosyl-L-methionine synthetase (SAMS) promoter and subfragments thereof and their use in promoting the expression of one or more heterologous nucleic acid fragments in plants are described.

Abstract: The invention provides an ink for inkjet printing, comprising a self-dispersing pigment colorant and a bleed control agent selected from the group consisting of catechol, 4-methylcatechol and any combination thereof. The ink advantageously exhibits reduced intercolor bleed when printed, for example, on plain paper.

Abstract: The present invention provides an ink for inkjet printing, comprising an aqueous vehicle, a pigment colorant and an effective amount of 3-butoxypropylamine as a bleed control agent. The ink exhibits reduced intercolor bleed when printed, for example, on plain paper.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene. The process involves pyrolyzing 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane.