Abstract: A substrate treatment apparatus is disclosed. The substrate treatment apparatus has an electrostatic chuck mechanism, a grounding mechanism, and an electron beam radiating mechanism. The electrostatic chuck mechanism electrostatically sucks and holds a substrate under treatment. The grounding mechanism freely contacts a predetermined film of a plurality of films formed on a treatment surface of the substrate under treatment sucked and held by the electrostatic chuck mechanism. The electron beam radiating mechanism radiates a resist film formed on the treatment surface side of the substrate under treatment with an electron beam.

Abstract: A substrate treatment apparatus is disclosed. The substrate treatment apparatus has an electrostatic chuck mechanism, a grounding mechanism, and an electron beam radiating mechanism. The electrostatic chuck mechanism electrostatically sucks and holds a substrate under treatment. The grounding mechanism freely contacts a predetermined film of a plurality of films formed on a treatment surface of the substrate under treatment sucked and held by the electrostatic chuck mechanism. The electron beam radiating mechanism radiates a resist film formed on the treatment surface side of the substrate under treatment with an electron beam.

Abstract: An electro-optic display comprises, in order, a backplane comprising a plurality of pixel electrodes; a layer of a solid electro-optic medium; a main adhesive layer; and at least one of a light-transmissive protective layer and a light-transmissive electrically-conductive layer. The electro-optic layer may be in direct contact with the backplane or separated therefrom by a thin auxiliary layer of adhesive. The main adhesive layer may be colored to provide a color filter array. An inverted front plane laminate useful in forming such a display comprises the same layers except that the backplane is replaced by a release sheet. The display combines good low temperature performance and good resolution at higher temperatures.

Abstract: A substrate treatment apparatus is disclosed. The substrate treatment apparatus has an electrostatic chuck mechanism, a grounding mechanism, and an electron beam radiating mechanism. The electrostatic chuck mechanism electrostatically sucks and holds a substrate under treatment. The grounding mechanism freely contacts a predetermined film of a plurality of films formed on a treatment surface of the substrate under treatment sucked and held by the electrostatic chuck mechanism. The electron beam radiating mechanism radiates a resist film formed on the treatment surface side of the substrate under treatment with an electron beam.

Abstract: A crystalline alpha-chromium oxide where from about 0.05 atom % to about 6 atom % of the chromium atoms in the alpha-chromium oxide lattice are replaced by trivalent cobalt (Co+3) atoms is disclosed. Also disclosed is a chromium-containing catalyst composition comprising as a chromium-containing component the crystalline cobalt-substituted alpha-chromium oxide; and a method for preparing a composition comprising the crystalline cobalt-substituted alpha-chromium oxide. The method involves (a) co-precipitating a solid by adding ammonium hydroxide to an aqueous solution of a soluble cobalt salt and a soluble trivalent chromium salt that contains at least three moles of nitrate per mole of chromium in the solution and has a cobalt concentration of from about 0.

Abstract: An infrared communication adapter which can carry out a data exchange with an external equipment having an infrared communication interface even though a portable telephone does not have an infrared communication function. The adapter includes a portable telephone side connecting section for transmitting a serial data supplied from the portable telephone by connecting an external communication interface of the portable telephone; an infrared communication interface for carrying out a data communication with the external equipment in accordance with the infrared communication protocol. The adapter analyzes a communication protocol of the communication interface disposed on the data supply side and carries out an RS232C emulation internally to transmit the data by converting the analyzed communication protocol into a communication protocol corresponding to a communication interface disposed on the data receive side.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods and materials to produce hydroquinone glucoside in genetically modified green plants and microorganisms.

Abstract: Fluorinated polymers, photoresists and associated processes for microlithography are described. These polymers and photoresists are comprised of a fluoroalcohol functional group which simultaneously imparts high ultraviolet (UV) transparency and developability in basic media to these materials. The materials of this invention have high UV transparency, particularly at short wavelengths, e.g., 157 nm, which makes them highly useful for lithography at these short wavelengths.

Abstract: A prehardened valve seat insert and a process for forming a prehardened valve seat insert for insertion into a cylinder head or an engine block of an internal combustion engine. The process comprises the steps of (a) forming the valve seat insert; (b) precision machining the valve seat insert to precise tolerances so that the valve seat insert can be installed in one of the cylinder head and the engine block without the need for additional seat machining; and (c) treating the valve seat insert to form a wear resistant surface layer prior to inserting the valve seat insert into one of the cylinder head and the engine block.

Abstract: This invention relates to an isolated nucleic acid fragment encoding a mevalonate synthesis enzyme. The invention also relates to the construction of a chimeric gene encoding all or a portion of the mevalonate synthesis enzyme, in sense or antisense orientation, wherein expression of the chimeric gene results in production of altered levels of the mevalonate synthesis enzyme in a transformed host cell.

Abstract: This invention relates to an isolated nucleic acid fragment encoding a geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase. The invention also relates to the construction of a chimeric gene encoding all or a portion of the geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase, in sense or antisense orientation, wherein expression of the chimeric gene results in production of altered levels of the geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase in a transformed host cell.

Abstract: A method to increase carotenoid production in carotenogenic microbial host cells is provided by down-regulating or disrupting glycogen synthesis. Disruption of glycogen synthase activity in a carotenogenic microbial host cell significantly increased carotenoid production. Carotenogenic microorganisms are also provided that have been optimized for the production of carotenoid compounds through the down-regulation and/or disruption of glycogen synthase activity.

Abstract: The present invention is a method of increasing particle surface area and decreasing the concentration of over-sized particles in a process for making metal oxide particles, particularly nanoparticle TiO2, in an inlet-fed, plug flow, plasma reactor by vapor phase reaction of titanium tetrachloride and oxygen in the presence of a source of hydrogen to form titanium dioxide particles.

Abstract: A constitutive plant S-adenosyl-L-methionine synthetase (SAMS) promoter and subfragments thereof and their use in promoting the expression of one or more heterologous nucleic acid fragments in plants are described.

Abstract: The present invention describes a sterile, stable and ready-for-use injectable solution comprising 9-((1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-iloxy)methyl)-2-amino-1H-purin-6(9H)-one in glucose 5% aqueous solution or sodium chloride 0-9% aqueous solution. It also describes a closed system used for packing the solution, which consists of a flexible bag manufactured with a tri-laminated material. The present invention also describes a process for eliminating the residual alkalinity that is present in the 9-((1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-iloxy)methyl)-2-amino-1H-purin-6(9H)-one, so obtaining crystals that are free from alkaline residues and suitable for the direct preparation of the solution. The present invention relates to the medical and therapeutic areas, mainly for treating immunodepressed patients carrying viral infections.

Abstract: A system for capturing, encoding and transmitting continuous video from a camera to a display monitor via a network includes a user friendly interface wherein a map is provided at a display screen for illustrating the location of the cameras and indicating the direction of the camera angle. The monitor includes a display area for selectively displaying selected cameras and for controlling the selection, display and direction of the cameras from a remote location. The display screen can be configured to display one or any combination of cameras. The cameras can be selected by manual selection, pre-programmed sequencing or by event detection with the selected camera automatically displayed on the display area. Secondary monitors may be incorporated to enhance the display features. The secondary monitors are controlled by the control panel provided on the primary monitor.

Abstract: An enhanced, digitized security system provides wireless, portable monitoring and control capability for a system having a plurality of cameras in a network and connected to a suitable hub. The portable module is also in wireless communication with a server. The permits remote installation and aiming of the cameras, remote viewing, remote database access and remote capture of information for transmission to the database server such as images, video, and other security data for archiving and management. A transmitter is associated with the hub for transmitting the signals via a wireless network to a portable, handheld receiving station, wherein any of the cameras on the network may be accessed and displayed on the portable station display screen. The portable station also includes a transmitter for transmitting control information back to the hub for controlling each of the cameras, permitting full control of the cameras for adjusting contrast, hue, brightness, pan, tilt and zoom, and focus.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and apparatus for separating grape seeds from the pulp and skin of a grape comprising depositing grapes on a plate having apertures there-through and driving the grapes across the plate by means of a blade such that the grape seeds and juice will pass through the apertures of the plate while retaining grape skin. The grape juice may then be separated from the seeds and recombined with the pulp and skin for fermentation to produce a wine having an improved flavor profiles as a result of the different tannin contents of skin and seeds. Also provided is a method and apparatus for opening grape berries without fracturing their grape seeds.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for elongating an optical fibre preform includes heating the preform so as to soften one region thereof; elongating the preform by submitting the preform to a traction; determining, during the step of elongating, the preform diameter in at least one measuring point along the preform; and controlling the step of elongating on the basis of the determined diameter. During the step of elongating, at least a geometrical parameter of the preform is measured, and the position of said diameter measuring point is controlled according to the measured geometrical parameter. Measuring at least a geometrical parameter of the preform may be accomplished by determining the profile of at least a portion of the softened region, e.g., an image of the neck region profile.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a ?12 fatty acid desaturase able to catalyze the conversion of oleic acid to linoleic acid (LA; 18:2). Nucleic acid sequences encoding the desaturase, nucleic acid sequences that hybridize thereto, DNA constructs comprising the desaturase gene, and recombinant host microorganisms expressing increased levels of the desaturase are described. Methods of increasing production of specific ?-3 and/or ?-6 fatty acids are described by overexpression of the ?12 fatty acid desaturase or by disruption of the native gene.