Abstract: An apparatus includes a substrate and first and second antenna panels on the substrate. The first antenna panel includes an array of first antenna elements. The second antenna panel includes an array of second antenna elements and a first wall isolator. The first wall isolator protrudes from the second antenna panel. The first wall isolator forms a border to surround at least one of the second antenna elements on the second antenna panel. The first wall isolator is configured to electromagnetically isolate the at least one second antenna element from the first antenna elements to produce N-to-N antenna isolation.

Abstract: A front loading washing machine including a housing; a water reservoir installed in the housing for containing washing water; a spin tub provided in the water reservoir to hold laundry to be washed, the spin tub having an annular recess and rotating with respect to a horizontal axis of the washing machine; and at least one balancer installed in the annular recess of the spin tub, the balancer comprising an annular shaped race formed of a plastic material.

Abstract: A digital broadcast transmitter comprising: a randomizer to receive a data stream of which stuff bytes are inserted into a specified position and to randomize the received data stream; a stuff-byte exchange unit to generate known data having a predefined pattern and to insert the known data into the specified position of the data stream into which the stuff bytes are inserted; an encoder to encode the data stream output from the stuff-byte exchange unit for an error correction; and a modulator and RF converter to modulate the encoded data stream, RF-convert the modulated data stream and transmit the RF-converted data.

Abstract: A computer system has an internal mounting unit in which a device supporting a predetermined interface is mounted. The computer system includes an external mounting unit supporting the interface; a device controller comprising a plurality of communication channels, which can communicate with the device, for communicating with the device mounted in the internal mounting unit through a first communication channel of the plurality of communication channels and communicating with an external apparatus mounted in the external mounting unit through a second communication channel of the plurality of communication channels; and a switching controller for selectively connecting the external apparatus mounted in the external mounting unit to one of the second communication channel of the device controller and the device mounted in the internal mounting unit according to power-on/off of the system.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to record data on an optical recording medium include generating a recording waveform having an erase pattern comprising a predetermined pulse having a high level which is higher than an erase power level and having a low level which is lower than the erase power level.

Abstract: A process control method for a multiprocessing computer system is performed by executing a display process to display an initial state of general processes on a display terminal of the multiprocessing computer system. The general processes are then executed under the control of a control process. The display process transmits a state information inquiring message to the control process. A confirmation message indicating reception of the state information inquiring message is transmitted to the display process by the control process when the control process receives the state information inquiring message. A process state request message is transmitted to the general processes by the control process, so that only the general processes that are operating normally receive the process state request message. An answer message is transmitted to the control process by each of the general processes that are operating normally.