Abstract: A protecting device of a fan system includes at least one first switch element and at least one control unit. The first switch element receives a first input signal. The control unit is electrically connected with the first switch element, receives the first input signal, and controls the first switch element to turn on or turn off according to the first input signal. The control unit stops outputting the first input signal when the first switch element turns on. The control unit outputs the first input signal when the first switch element turns off, so that a fan of the fan system can be driven by the first input signal.

Abstract: A method for efficiently transmitting downlink control information is described. A method for transmitting control information in a multiple antenna system which can simultaneously transmit a maximum of two codewords includes transmitting modulation and coding scheme (MCS) information, a new data indicator (NDI) and a redundancy version (RV) for information blocks transmitted through the two codewords, and transmitting additional control information including at least one of a swapping indicator and enable/disable information. The swapping indicator indicates whether or not swapping occurs between the information blocks transmitted through the two codewords, and the enable/disable information indicates whether or not any one of transmissions through the two codewords is disabled. The swapping indicator is reserved when any one of transmissions through the two codewords is disabled, thereby reducing signaling overhead and efficiently transmitting necessary information.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus for receiving a satellite DMB capable of minimizing a video broadcast channel switching time and a method thereof. In the method, time taken to bit de-interleave broadcasting data of the video broadcast channel is reduced thereby to minimize a delay time generated at the time of switching channels. In a satellite DMB receiver having a CDM demodulator for demodulating broadcasting data coded by a Walsh code and having a broadcasting data channel decoding unit for decoding the coded broadcasting data, the satellite DMB receiving apparatus comprises a CDM demodulator for demodulating a Walsh code of at least one broadcast channel, and at least one broadcasting data channel decoding unit for decoding more than one broadcast channel, and a selecting unit for selecting a channel to be viewed by a user.

Abstract: A foam sensor of a drum washing machine is constructed such that a pair of temperature electrode terminals and a foam electrode terminal are supplied with electricity by a single connector, and thus is able to sense an electrical connection by a signal change of the temperature electrode terminals, in a case where electrical connection of the foam electrode terminal is cut off, thereby preventing a false sensing of foam generation caused by electrical short-circuiting of the foam electrode terminal. Furthermore, the foam electrode terminal is provided integral with the connector, and the temperature sensor portion has a thermistor for sensing a temperature of washing water and temperature electrode terminals inserted into the connector, the thermistor and the temperature electrode terminals being connected by a cord, which makes installation easier.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the method includes obtaining a reference picture list including multiple reference pictures, reordering a reference picture index allocated to each reference picture in the reference picture list, obtaining a field reference picture index associated with the current field macroblock, determining a frame reference picture index based on the field reference picture index and the reference picture index. The reference picture in field unit having a parity different from a parity of the field macroblock is selected if the reference picture index is odd value.

Abstract: Systems and methods for communicating using various protocols through the Secured Digital (SD) physical interface are disclosed. The invention covers, among others, single-mode and multi-mode hosts, single-mode and multi-mode devices, as well as techniques for initializing these hosts and devices in order to facilitate the aforementioned communication.

Abstract: An EMI (electromagnetic interference) shielding film of a flat panel display device includes a mesh unit formed of conductive meshes that are intersected with each other, and a mesh frame for surrounding the mesh unit to support the mesh unit and to define an effective display area on a screen. Both the mesh unit and the mesh frame are formed integrally together by a base film which has PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and metal foil.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the recording medium includes a management area storing management information. The management information includes navigation information for reproducing data from the recording medium, and the navigation information including region information. The region information indicates at least one geographic region in which reproduction of the data is permitted.

Abstract: A power control apparatus includes a driver for controlling an operation of a storage device, a filter driver for monitoring a state of the storage device, and a management program part for controlling a power supply to the storage device. The management program part is configured to output a control signal based upon the monitored state to a control part operatively connected to the storage device.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the method includes obtaining a reference picture list including multiple reference pictures, and reordering a reference picture index allocated to each reference picture in the reference picture list. A field reference picture index associated with the current field macroblock is obtained, and a frame reference picture index is determined based on the field reference picture index and the reference picture index. The reference picture in field unit is selected based on the reference picture index information and the reference picture in frame unit.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the method includes obtaining a reference picture list including multiple reference pictures, obtaining a field reference picture index associated with the current field macroblock, and determining a frame reference picture index based on the field reference picture index. A field reference picture having a parity different from a parity of the field macroblock is selected if the field reference picture index is an odd value.

Abstract: A recording medium having a data structure for managing reproduction of video data recorded on the recording medium. The recording medium having at least one navigation area for storing navigation management information used in managing real-time reproduction path video data recorded on the recording medium. The navigation management information includes at least one navigation unit that includes a plurality of video data packets and a plurality of real-time navigation packets.

Abstract: A multi-contact electrical connector wafer includes an insulating base and at least one bay on a first side of the base. A conductor is associated with the at least one bay and the conductor is adapted to contact a corresponding mating element. The wafer further includes a loading beam adapted to bias the first conductor toward the corresponding mating element upon deflection of the beam. A connector may be formed with a conductive component disposed in a connector housing defining a receptacle opening. The conductive component is arranged in the housing in a manner to allow the conductive component to move relative to the housing. As such, the connector can accommodate a mating connector of a first thickness or a mating connector of a second, different thickness. The connector may also be adapted to accommodate a mating connector that is inserted into the receptacle in a manner that is not collinear with respect to the receptacle.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for controlling a lamp of a refrigerator. The apparatus may include a dispenser provided on a refrigerator door and a lamp installed within the dispenser for illuminating the dispenser. The dispenser may include a rotary member that rotates as an operation lever provided in the dispenser is operated and a duct door for selectively opening and closing an ice duct. The rotary member may include a rotary shaft supported by side walls of the dispenser and a connector part that extends from the rotary shaft. The duct door may be coupled to the connection part.

Abstract: The motor including a stator having a stator core, and an insulator provided to the stator core for winding a coil thereon, a rotor rotatably provided with respect to the stator, and a tap terminal provided to the insulator for positioning an end of the coil, wherein the coil includes a core wire of aluminum.

Abstract: An LED having vertical topology and a method of making the same is capable of improving a luminous efficiency and reliability, and is also capable of achieving mass productivity. The method includes forming a semiconductor layer on a substrate; forming a first electrode on the semiconductor layer; forming a supporting layer on the first electrode; generating an acoustic stress wave at the interface between the substrate and semiconductor layer, thereby separating the substrate from the semiconductor layer; and forming a second electrode on the semiconductor layer exposed by the separation of the substrate.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to remove a block effect and a ring effect appearing in a compression-coded image is disclosed. The present invention is especially applicable to an image compression-coded at a low bit rate. In particular, the present invention includes a variety of masks for the removal of the block/ring effect. Thus, one mask is select for a pixel to be filtered. Moreover, candidate pixels to be averaged with the pixel to be filtered is selected from the pixels of the selected mask to better maintain the details of the image, and a weight is applied to improve the calculation speed of the averaging operation. More particularly, the masks according to the present invention have longer tabs toward adjacent blocks at boundaries of the given block to remove the block and ring effect. A decoding apparatus including a filtering unit configured to filter an image by selecting a filter mask extending either horizontally or vertically.

Abstract: A digital data file encryption system and method where digital data encrypted to a high level and an encryption key are received and stored in a computer. The stored, encrypted digital data is decrypted on the basis of the encryption key and stored in a buffer of a predetermined size. Output digital data from the buffer is reencrypted to a low level of encryption and downloaded to a digital data playing device or a data storage medium. Therefore, a digital audio or video data file is prevented from being diverted in unencrypted form from a computer communication network when it is transmitted to a personal computer through the computer communication network and, in turn, downloaded to the digital data playing device. Further, the digital data playing device is prevented from rising in cost due to the use of simple encryption for data downloaded to the playing device.